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PREFACE. 


'HE  first  Phrenological  CHART  ever  produced 
was  printed  on  a  single  sheet,  the  size  of  our 
common  note  paper,  and  was  sold  for  a  cent,  It 
simply  gave  the  names  of  the  organs  then  discov- 
ered by  Dr.  GALL.  The  next  was  larger,  and  gave 
Iboth  the  names  and  definitions  of  the  organs ;  still 
later,  the  charts  of  Drs.  GALL  and  SPUKZHEIM  em- 
braced all  the  above,  together  with  some  account  of 
the  Temperaments.  But  as  it  was  with  the  invent- 
ors of  the  steam-engine,  the  locomotive,  and  the 
steamboat,  so  it  has  been  with  phrenologists.  Each 
succeeding  author  is  supposed  to  have  availed  him- 
self of  all  that  has  been  proved  to  be  true  and  useful, 
adding  thereto  his  own  observations  and  experiences. 
Thus  the  improved  charts  of  to-day  are  as  unlike 
those  first  printed  as  are  the  modern  steamers,  loco- 
motives, and  engines  to  those  *first  invented. 

During  our  thirty  years'  experience  in  the  prac- 
tical application  of  scientific  rules  to  character  read- 
ing, we  have  used  many  different  charts,  revising 
old  ones  year  after  year,  and  adding  one  improve- 
ment after  another.  The  present  work  embodies  our 
latest  and  best  ideas  on  the  subject,  so  far  as  they 
can  be  set  forth  in  this  condensed  and  popular  form. 


IV  PREFACE. 

It  contains  not  only  all  of  the  PHRENOLOGY  of  pre- 
vious charts  or  hand-books  for  self-instruction,  but 
it  embraces  much  more  of  PHYSIOLOGY  and  PHYSIC 
OGNOMY  than  jiny  former  book  of  the  kind. 

In  this  Illustrated  Hand-book  we  have  endeavored 
to  incorporate  just  that  kind  of  matter  best  suited 
to  both  the  EXAMINER  and  the  EXAMINED,  and  to 
put  it  in  the  smallest  possible  compass  compatible 
with  completeness  of  statement  and  ample  illustra- 
tion. We  have  endeavored  to  be  systematic  in  our 
arrangement,  succinct  and  clear  in  our  expositions, 
and  popular  rather  than  technical  or  professional  in 
our  style.  We  do  not  claim  that  this  work  is  free 
from  error.  Our  knowledge  of  Anatomy,  Physiol- 
ogy, Chemistry,  Astronomy,  etc.,  will,  we  doubt 
not,  increase  with  our  years  and  with  more  careful 
study ;  so  we  intend  it  shall  be  with  our  knowledge 
of  Phrenology  and  Physiognomy.  We  hope  to  re- 
vise this  and  all  our  other  works  when  time  may 
permit.  We  ask  examiners  and  readers  to  kindly 
point  out  errors  and  to  suggest  improvements,  that 
we  may  correct  the  former  and  incorporate  the  latter 
In  future  editions. 

That  this  little  work  may  be  the  means  of  encour- 
aging the  reader  to  correct  any  errors  of  judgment 
or  improper  habits  he  may  possess — to  cultivate  and 
develop  all  the  higher  qualities  of  mind  and  heart—, 
and  to  make  the  most  of  his  opportunities  and  of 

himself,  is  the  desire  of 

THE  AUTHOR. 
YORK,  January,  1869. 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE  HUMAN  SKULL. 


THE    BRAIN    AND    THE    SKULL. 


OME  knowledge  of  the 
structure  of  the  human 
brain,  and  of  its  appear- 
ance when  exposed,  as 
well  as  of  the  general 
forms  of  the  skull,  will  be  useful 
to  the  learner.      We    can   here 
merely  give  very   brief  descrip- 
tions, referring  those  who  desire 
further  information  to  our  larger 
and  more  elaborate  works. 

The  human  brain  is  an  oval 
mass  filling  and  fitting  the  inte- 
rior of  the  skull,  and  consisting 
of  two  substances,  a  gray,  ash- 
colored,  or  cineritious  portion,  and  a  white,  fibrous,  or  medullary  por- 
tion. It  is  divided,  both  in  form  and  function,  into  two  principal 
masses — the  cerebrum  and  the  cerebellum. 

The  cerebrum  is  divided  longitudinally  into  two 
equal  hemispheres,  and  each  of 
these,  in  its  under  surface,  into 
three  lobes.  But  the  most  remark- 
able feature  in  the  structure  of  the 
cerebral  globe  is  its  numerous  and 
complicated  convolutions,  the  fur- 
rows between  which  dip  deeply 
down  into  the  brain.  By  means 
of  these  foldings  the  surface  of  the  brain  is  greatly  increased,  and 

*  The  side  and  top  of  the  cerebrum  are  seen  in  this  engraving.  A  A.  The  scalp 
turned  down.  B  B.  Edge  of  the  base  of  the  skull,  the  top  having  been  sawed  off  and 
removed.  C.  Dura  Mater,  a  part  of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  skull  raised  up  from 
the  brain.  D.  Left  hemisphere  of  the  brain.  E.  Bight  hemisphere.  F.  The  longi- 
tudinal  cleft  or  fissure  which  divides  the  hemispheres. 

In  the  next  engraving  the  brain  is  fully  exposed. 


BRAIK  IK  THE 

SKULL.* 


BRAIN  EXPOSED. 


VI 


INTRODUCTION. 


power  gained  with  the  utmost  economy  of  space ;  for  it  is  a  demon- 
strated fact,  that  in  proportion  to  the  number  and  depth  of  these  con- 
volutions is  the  mental  force.  "  The  mind's  revolvings,"  as  Wilkinson 
beautifully  expresses  it,  "are  here  represented 
in  moving  spirals,  and  the  subtile  insinuation  of 
thought,  whose  path  is  through  all  things,  issues 
with  power  from  the  form  of  cerebral  screws. 
They  print  their  shape  and  make  themselves 
room  on  the  inside  of  the  skull,  and  are  the  most 
irresistible  things  in  the  human  world." 

The  cerebellum  lies  underneath  the  posterior 
half  of  the  cerebrum,  and  is  about  one-eighth  the 
size  of  the  latter  organ.  It  is  divided  into  lobes 
and  lobules,  and  consists  of  a  gray  and  a  white 
substance,  like  the  cerebrum,  but  is  not  convo- 
luted on  the  surface  like  the  cerebrum  ;  the  gray 
matter  somewhat  darker  than  that  of  the  cere- 
brum occupies  the  surface  of  the  cerebellum,  the 
white  being  interiorly  disposed. 

Extending  from  the  base  of  the  brain  to  the 
atlas  or  bony  pivot  on  which  the  head  restsr 
is  the  medulla  oblongata.  It  is  conical  in 
shape,  and  may  be  considered  as  merely  the 
head  or  beginning  of  the  spinal  cord,  which 
continues  it,  and,  in  fact,  extends  the  brain  down 
the  vertical  canal,  and  by  means  of  the  nerves 
which  it  gives  off,  and  which  pass  through 
notches  between  the  vertebrae,  connects  it  with 
every  part  of  the  body.  There  are  generally 
reckoned  eleven  pairs  of  nerves  arising  from  the 
brain,  and  thirty-one  from  the  spinal  marrow. 
It  is  thus  seen  that  the  whole  nervous  apparatus 
is  included  in  the  mental  system,  and  that  the 
brain,  as  the  organ  of  the  overruling  mind  should  be,  as  it  unquestion- 
ably is,  is  omnipresent  in  the  human  body. 

Now,  as  is  the  soul  which  is  incarnate  in  it,  so  is  the  brain  in  texture, 
size,  and  configuration ;  and  as  is  the  brain,  so  is  its  bony  casement,  the 
cranium,  on  which  may  be  read,  in  general  forms  and  special  eleva- 
tions and  depressions,  and  with  unerring  certainty,  a  correct  outline  of 
the  intellectual  and  moral  character  of  the  man. 

*  a.  The  brain.  Z>.  Cerebellum.  /.  Medulla  oblongata.  g,  g.  Nerves  distributed  to 
the  arms,  k,  k.  Great  sciatic  nerve,  distributed  to  the  lower  limbs.  /.  Dorsal  nerve. 
n.  Lnmb'ir  nerve,  m.  Plexus  of  cervical  nerves.  1.  Olfactory  nerve.  2.  Optic  nerve. 
3,  ^  5, 6.  The  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  nerves.  7.  Portio  diira  of  the  seventh  nerv* 
8,  Auditory  nerve  and  par  vagum.  9.  Hypoglossal  nerve. 


SPINAL  CORD  AND 
NERVES.* 


INTRODUCTION. 


vil 


MALE  SKULL. 


FEMALE  SKULL. 


The  heads  of  the  sexes  differ  in  shape  as  much  as  do  their  bodily 
forms.  The  engravings  here  presented  are  from  two  skulls  in  our 
possession,  and  were  copied  by  daguerreotype,  and  show  their  relative 
size  and  shape.  The  first  is  from  the  skull  of  a  man,  and  is  a  fair  speci- 
men of  the  male  head.  It  rises  high  from  the  opening  of  the  ear,#,  to 
Firmness,  b.  It  is  large  in  the  social  region,  particularly  at  Amative- 
ness,  c.  The  phrenological  organs  of  force,  pride,  energy,  and  self-reli- 
ance are  predominant.  The  second 
is  of  a  well-balanced  female  skull, 
and  is  fine,  smooth,  and  even.  The 
leading  developments  are  at  d,  in 
the  region  of  Philoprogenitiveness, 
Adhesiveness,  and  Inhabitiveness, 
while  at  b  and  c  it  is  much  less  than 
in  the  male.  At  e,  Benevolence,  and 
at  /,  Veneration,  the  female  is  rela- 
tively more  developed,  but  less  so  at  Firmness  and  Self-Esteem,  b. 

The  skulls  of  races  and  nations  also  differ  widely  in  form,  and 
these  differences  are  found  to  correspond  with  known  differences  of 
character.  In  the  Caucasian  it  will  be  seen  that  the  forehead  is 
prominent  and  high,  the  coronal  region  elevated, 
and  the  back-head  moderately  projected.  The 
facial  angle,  measured  according  to  Camper's 
method,  is  about  80°.  It  indicates  great  intellect- 
ual power,  strong  moral  or  spiritual  sentiments,  and 
a  comparatively  moderate  development  of  the  pro- 
pensities. The  special  organs  in  which  the  Cau- 
casian brain  most  excels,  and  which  distinguish  it  CAUCASIAN  SKULL. 
from  those  of  all  less  advanced  races,  are  Mirthfulness,  Ideality,  and 
Conscientiousness,  the  organs  of  these  faculties  being  almost  invariably 
small  in  savage  and  barbarous  tribes. 

See  what  a  contrast  between  the  Caucasian  skull  and  those  of  the 
North  American  Indian  and  the  negro  here  represented  !  One  of  the 
most  distinctive  traits  of  the 
aboriginal  American  skull  is 
roundness.  This  quality  is 
very  manifest  in  every  as- 
pect, but  still  more  so  in  the 
vertical  and  back  views  than 
in  the  one  here  presented. 
Great  breadth  immediately  NEGRO  SKULL. 
above  the  ears  and  in  the  region  of  Cautiousness  and  Secretiveness, 
and  a  lofty  coronal  region,  are  also  prominent  characteristics.  The 
forehead  is  broad  and  very  prominent  at  the  lower  part,  but  retreating, 
and  not  high.  The  back-head  in  the  region  of  the  affections  is,  in 


INDIAN  SKULL. 


Vlll 


INTRODUCTION. 


general,  only  moderately  developed,  but  there  is  almost  always  a  large 
and  sharply  defined  occipital  protuberance. 

The  negro  cranium  is  long  and  narrow.  Compared  with  that  of 
the  Caucasian,  the  difference  is  seen  to  be  striking.  In  the  side 
view  of  the  former  the  frontal  region  is  less  capacious  than  in  the 
latter,  the  forehead  more  retreating,  and  the  occiput  comparatively 
more  full.  The'  facial  angle  is  about  70°,  the  jaws  being  large  and 
projecting,  and  forming  what  is  called  the  prognathous  type.  Here 
the  animal  feelings  predominate  over  both  the  intellect  and  the  moral 
sentiments.  The  top  view  shows  the  facial  bones  compressed  laterally, 
but  projecting  enormously  in  front. 

We  might  carry  these  comparisons  still  farther,  and  show  that  each 
nation  has  its  peculiar  type  of  skull,  the  English  differing  strikingly 
from  the  French,  and  the  American  from  both,  and  so  on,  but  space 
will  not  here  permit,  and  we  must  refer  the  reader  to  "  New  Physiog 
nomy"  for  additional  particulars  on  this  and  kindred  topics. 


BONES  OF  THE  HEAD  AND  FACE.* 


*  A.  Frontal  bone.    B.  Temporal  bone.    C.  Zygoma.    D.  Mastoid  process.    E.  Pa- 
rietal  bone.    F.  Occipital  bone.     G.  Malar  bone.    H.  Superior  maxillary  bone.    I 


Nasal  bone.    K.  Inferior  maxillary  bone. 
Conr>.oid  process. 


L.  Angle  of  the  jaw.     M.  Coudyles.    N. 


HOW   TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


FIRST    PRINCIPLES. 


I.    PHRENOLOGY   DEFINED. 

\HRENOLOGY  is   a  system  of 
mental  philosophy  founded  on 
the  physiology  of  the  brain;    It 
treats  of  mind,  as  we  know 
it  in  this  mortal  life,  associ- 
ated with  matter  and  acting 
through      material      instru- 
ments. 

In  its  practical  application, 
Phrenology  becomes  an  art, 
and  consists  in  judging  from 
the  head  itself,  and  from  the 
body  in  connection  with  the 
head,  what  are  the  natural  tendencies  and  capabilities  of  the 
individual. 

Phrenology  does  not  now  claim  to  be  entirely  complete  as 
a  science  or  perfect  as  an  art,  and  it  demands  recognition  and 
acceptance  only  so  far  as  it  has  been  firmly  established  on  the 
broad  and  immovable  basis  of  the  constitution  of  man. 

The  chief  principles  of  Phrenology — every  one  of  which  is 
supported  by  an  array  of  unquestionable  facts  and  susceptible 
of  the  clearest  proof— are  the  following : 

1.  The  I»rain  is  the  Organ  of  the  Mind. 

2.  Each  Faculty  of  the   Mind  has   its   separate   or  special 

Organ  in  the  Brain. 

1* 


FIG.  1.— "THE  DOME  OF  THOUGHT. 


10  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

3.  Organs  related  to  each  other  in  Function  are  grouped  to- 

gether in  the  Brain. 

4.  Size,  other  things  being  equal,  is  the  Measure  of  Power. 

5.  The  physiological  conditions  of  the  Body  aifect  Mental 

Manifestation. 

6.  Any  Faculty  may  be  Improved  by  Cultivation  and  may 

deteriorate  through  Neglect, 

7.  Every  Faculty  is  normally  Good,  but  liable  to  Perversion. 


II.    BKAIN,    THE    ORGAX    OF    MIND. 

While  in  this  material  world,  where  the  all-wise  Creator 
has  seen  fit  to  place  it,  mind  can  neither  act  nor  be  acted 
upon  except  through  an  organized  apparatus.  Impressions 
of  external  objects  must  be  received  through  the  organs  of 
sense  and  their  delicate  nervous  filaments,  and  thought  can 
find  expression  only  by  means  of  the  physical  instruments 
under  its  control. 

Now,  if  we  go  behind  these  instrumentalities,  tracing  back 
the  nerves  which  ramify  through  all  the  bodily  organs 
to  their  focus  in  the  interior  of  the  cranium,  what  do  we 
find  ?  Not  mind,  but  brain — not  the  immaterial  intelligence 
which  receives,  analyzes,  and  compares  the  impressions  trans- 
mitted through  these  nerves,  but  a  material  apparatus — an 
organ.  Without  this  organ,  no  mental  manifestation  would 
be  possible  while  mind  remains  linked  to  matter. 

That  the  brain  is  the  organ  of  the  mind  is  now  universally 
admitted,  and  it  is  necessary  merely  to  mention  a  few  of  the 
facts  by  means  of  which  the  truth  of  the  proposition  has  been 
established. 

1.  Consciousness  localizes  the  mind  in  the  brain,  giving  a 
clear  conviction  that  it  is  there,  and  nowhere  else. 

2.  Deficiency  of  brain   is   always   connected  with  a  low 
degree  of  mental  power. 

3.  The  brain  is  found  to  be  larger  and  more  complicated  in 
proportion  to  the  strength  and  variety  of  the  faculties  mani- 
fested. 

4.  Mental  disturbances  always  accompany  affections  of  the 


?IRST    PRINCIPLES.  11 

brain,  a  fever  or  a  blow  on  the  head  often  changing  an  intel- 
ligent and  gifted  individual  into  a  raving  maniac. 

5.  The  rapid  withdrawal  of  the  blood  from  the  brain  causes 
a  swoon,  and  temporarily  suspends  consciousness. 

6.  Where  a  part  of  the  skull  has  been  removed  and  the 
brain  laid  bare  by  an  injury,  it  has  been  found  that  conscious- 
ness could  be  suspended  by  merely  pressing  on  the  brain  with 
the  fingers,  and  restored  by  withdrawing  the  pressure. 

V.  It  has  been  observed  also,  in  cases  where  the  brain  has 
been  exposed  to  view,  that  in  dreamless  sleep  it  is  motionless; 
that  dreams  agitate  it  in  proportion  to  their  vividness,  and 
that  when  awake  the  motion  is  still  greater.*  Cases  coming 
under  this  head  are  quoted  at  length  by  Mr.  Combe  in  his 
"  System  of  Phrenology,"  to  which  the  curious  reader  is 
referred. 

It  being  proved  and  conceded  that  the  brain  is  the  organ 
of  the  mind,  it  follows  that  every  mental  affection  must  be 
accompanied  by  a  corresponding  state  of  the  organ,  and  that 
every  state  of  the  organ  must  be  attended  by  a  certain  deter- 
minate condition  of  mind  ;  and  secondly,  that  the  manifesta- 
tions of  mind  will  bear  a  strict  relation  in  power  and  variety 
to  the  size  and  quality  of  its  instrument. 

III.  THE  BRAIN  A  CONGERIES  OF  ORGANS. 

The  brain,  as  a  whole,  is  admitted  to  be  the  organ  of  the 
mind,  as  a  whole.  The  mind  is  made  up  of  many  separate 
faculties,  from  which  fact  alone  it  might  be  inferred  that  the 
brain  has  a  corresponding  separate  organ  for  each.  That 
such  is  the  case  is  conclusively  proved  by  evidence  which 
can  not  be  set  aside  or  successfully  controverted.  A  small 


*  A  writer  in  the  Medico-  Chirurgiccd  Review  mentions  that  many  years  ago  he  had 
•'frequent  opportunities  of  witnessing  similar  phenomena  in  a  robust  young  man,  who 
*o8t  a  considerable  portion  of  his  skull  by  an  accident  which  had  almost  proved  mortal. 
When  excited  by  pain,  fear,  or  anger,  his  brain  protruded  greatly,  so  as  sometimes  to 
disturb  the  dressings,  which  were  necessarily  applied  loosely ;  and  it  throbbed  tumultu- 
ously,  in  accordance  with  the  arterial  pulsations." 

The  cause  of  these  appearances  obviously  was,  that  the  brain,  like  the  muscles  and 
other  organs  of  the  body,  is  more  copiously  supplied  with  blood  when  in  a  state  of 
activity  than  while  at  rest;  and  that  when  the  cerebral  blood-vessels  were  filled,  the 
volume  of  the  brain  was  augmented,  and  the  protrusion  above  noticed  took  place. 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

portion  of  this  evidence — all  that  our  space  will  allow — may 
here  be  cited : 

1.  In  all  other  parts  of  the  system — throughout  all  nature, 
in  fact — each  function  has  an  organ  for  itself.     Sight  has  the 
eye ;  hearing,  the  ear ;  digestion,  the  stomach ;  and  it  may  be 
further  observed,  that  wherever  the  function  is  compound,  the 
organ  is  correspondingly  so,  as  in  the  case  of  the  tongue,  in 
which  there  is  one  nerve  the  office  of  which  is  to  move  the 
member  and  thus  subserve  the  purpose  of  speech,  a  second 
which  communicates  the  sense  of  feeling,  and  a  third  which 
conveys  the  sense  of  taste.*     In  short,  in  the  whole  human 
frame  there  is,  so  far  as  we  know,  not  a  single  instance  of  one 
nerve   performing   two    functions.      Reasoning  analogically, 
therefore,  we  infer  that  functions  so  essentially  different  as 
observing  and  comparing — not  to  speak  of  others  still  wider 
apart — must  have  separate  cerebral  organs. 

2.  Individuals  frequently  exhibit  extraordinary  capabilities 
for  some  particular  pursuit  or  branch  of  study,  while  in  regard 
to  all  other  departments  of  mental  effort  they  never  rise  above 
mediocrity.     If  the  brain  were  a  unit  in  function,  each  faculty- 
should  be  manifested  with  equal  efficiency  through  its  agency. 

3.  The  various  mental  powers  in  man  do  not  appear  simul- 
taneously.    The  child  loves  and  fears  long  before  he  has  any 
notion  even  of  veneration  or  of  moral  responsibility.     He 
observes,  too,  the  qualities  of  external  things  almost  from  the 
commencement  of  his  existence,  but  the  power  to  reason  con- 
cerning them  comes  later.     This  seems  to  show  that  loving, 
for  instance,  requires  the  exercise  of  one  part  of  the  brain,  and 
venerating    another — that    observing    has    one    organ,    and 
reasoning  a  different  one. 

4.  In   dreaming,  one  or  more  faculties   may  be  in  active 
exercise,  while  all  the  others  are  apparently  dormant.     Erno- 

*  But  the  most  interesting  example  of  distinct  functions  being  dependent  on  distinct 
organs,  is  furnished  by  the  spinal  marrow.  This  is  composed  of  two  double  columns, 
the  anterior  being  appropriated  to  motion,  the  posterior  to  sensation.  This,  Sir  Charles 
Bell  clearly  proved  in  the  following  manner :  he  cut  an  anterior  nerve  at  its  root  in  an 
ass,  and  the  parts  through  which  it  ramified  lost  the  power  of  motion,  though  feeling 
remained  unimpaired.  He  cut  a  posterior  nerve  in  another,  and  the  parts  through 
which  it  ramified  lost  the  power  of  feeling,  but  retained  that  of  motion. 


FIRST    PRINCIPLES.  13 

tions  of  love,  fear,  anger,  and  jealousy  may  arise  and  succeed 
each  other,  coming  and  going  without  order  or  restraint  (the 
controlling  organs  being  asleep),  or  a  thousand  vivid  but 
disjointed  conceptions  may  fill  the  mind — sometimes  rational, 
but  oftener  absurd,  and  always  differing  from  the  ordinary 
and  orderly  operations  of  the  fully  awakened  brain.  If  the 
brain  were  a  single  organ,  these  partial  manifestations  could 
not  occur,  but  all  the  faculties  would  be  asleep  or  awake 
together. 

5.  Partial  idiocy  and  partial  insanity  are  plainly  contradic- 
tory to  the  doctrine  of  the  organic  unity  of  the  brain.     Some 
idiots,  utterly  deficient  in  intellect,  have  strong  moral  feelings. 
Others  manifest   only  the  propensities.     In  many,  perfectly 
idiotic  in  everything  else,  some  particular  faculty  is  strongly 
developed — as  Time,  Tune,  or  Calculation.     Pinel  mentions 
an  idiot  girl  who  manifested  wonderful  propensity  and  talent 
for  mimicry — could  imitate  anything  she  saw  or  heard,  but 
who  displayed  no  intellectual  faculty  in  a  perceptible  degree, 
and  evidently  attached  no  ideas  to  the  sounds  she  uttered.* 
Were  deficiency  of  brain,  as  a  whole,  the  cause  of  idiocy, 
these  phenomena  could  not  occur,  for  whatever  brain  might 
exist  would  be   as   competent   to   manifest   one   faculty  as 
another.     Partial  insanity  furnishes  equally  conclusive  evi- 
dence on  the  same  point. 

6.  Partial  injuries  of  the  brain  result  in  a  suspension  of  one 
or  more  faculties,  while  the  others  retain  their  normal  activity, 
which  could  not  be  the  case  if  the  brain  were  a  single  organ. 

7.  Referring  to  our  own  individual  consciousness,  we  may 
satisfy  ourselves  at  any  time  that   the  faculties   must   act 
through  a  plurality  of  organs,  for  we  find  ourselves  feeling 
and  manifesting  not  only  different  but  opposite  emotions  at 
the  same  time.     This  would  be  clearly  impossible  with  but  a 
single  organ  for  all  the  faculties. 

*  Mr.  Combe  mentions  an  idiot  in  Liverpool,  named  Jones,  who  manifested  great 
facility  in  learning  languages ;  "  Show  him,"  he  says,  "a  passage  in  the  Bible,  and  he 
will  point  out  and  read  the  parallel  passage  in  seven  or  eight  other  languages.  But 
about  the  meaning  he  has  no  idea.  Now  if  the  brain  were  a  single  organ,  this  would 
be  the  same  as  if  a  man  had  the  power  of  walking  east,  without  having  the  power  of 
walking  west." 


14:  HOW    TO    BEAD    CHAfcACTEtt, 

III.    GROUPS    OF    ORGANS. 

The  location  of  any  particular  organ  being  known,  it  would 
naturally  be  inferred  that  other  organs  having  related  func- 
tiong  might  be  found  in  the  same  region  of  the  brain.  This 
inference  is  in  accordance  with  the  fact  as  established  by 
observation,  and  furnishes  another  evidence  of  the  truth  of 
Phrenology,  for  this  arrangement  is  the  natural  one,  and  the 
one  which  best  serves  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the  action 
of  the  faculties  through  their  organs,  each  being  thus  enabled 
to  support  and  co-operate  with  the  other  members  of  the 
same  class.  It  will  also  be  seen,  further  on,  that  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  groups  in  the  cranium  is  in  accordance  with  the 
same  beautiful  natural  order. 

IV.    SIZE   THE    MEASURE    OF    POWER. 

That  size,  other  things  being  equal,  is- the  measure  of 
power,  is  a  universal  and  undisputed  law,  and  requires  no 
detailed  exposition  here.  It  is  the  basis  of  all  our  calculations 
and  reasonings  in  mechanics  and  natural  philosophy  as  well 
as  in  Physiology  and  Phrenology.* 

V.    PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS. 

In  stating  the  general  law,  that  size  is  the  measure  of 
power,  we  are  always  careful  to  add  the  qualifying  clause — 
"  other  things  being  equal."  The  "  other  things"  which 
modify  this  law  in  the  case  of  the  brain  are  certain  physio- 
logical conditions,  such  as  Temperament ;  Quality ;  Health ; 
Respiration;  Circulation;  Digestion;  Activity;  Excitability; 
and  Balance  or  Harmony,  all  of  which  affect  mental  manifes- 

*  When  the  brain  is  below  a  certain  size,  idiotism  is  the  invariable  result.  In  the 
lowest  class  of  idiots,  the  horizontal  circumference  of  the  head,  taken  a  little  higher 
than  the  orbit,  yaries  from  11  to  13  inches ;  in  a  full-sized  head,  the  circumference  is 
22  inches ;  in  SpurzheinVs  skull  it  is  22>£.  In  such  idiots  the  distance  from  the  root 
of  the  nose,  backward  over  the  top  of  the  head  to  the  occipital  spine,  is  only  8  or  9 
inches  ;  in  a  full-sized  head  it  is  14 ;  in  the  skull  of  Spurzheim  it  is  15  6-10.  Let  those 
who  deny  the  influence  of  size  reconcile  these  facts  with  their  belief.  "  But,"  say 
Borne,  "  we  know  idiots  who  have  large  heads."  Our  reply  is— so  -0  we ;  but,  then,  in 
these  cases,  the  brain  is  not  healthy.  A  large  leg  is  usually  indicativ  •  of  strength  ;  but 
this  is  not  the  case  when  the  leg  is  large  from  disease.  But  though  dLease  be  absent, 
if  the  size  of  the  brain  be  very  deficient,  idiocy  is  invariable,  and  men  remarkable  for 
great  force  of  character,  as  Bruce,  Cromwell,  Bonaparte,  Franklin,  Webster,  and  Bums, 
invariably  have  heads  of  unusual  magnitude. 


FIRST    PRINCIPLES.  15 

tation  in  a  greater  or  less  degree,  and  must  always  be  taken 
into  account  in  estimating  character. 

VI.    IMPKOV ABILITY. 

Every  faculty  of  the  human  mind  is  susceptible  oi  being 
improved  by  judicious  culture.  This  is  a  principle  of  great 
practical  importance,  and  affords  opportunity  and  encourage- 
ment to  every  one  (for  all  have  more  or  less  need  of  improve- 
ment), and  especially  to  those  who  have  marked  and  embar- 
rassing deficiencies  of  character.  It  is  only  applying  to  the 
mind  through  its  organ,  the  brain,  or  to  a  faculty  of  the  mind 
through  its  special  organ,  the  same  means  we  make  use  of  to 
strengthen  the  arm  or  increase  the  flexibility  of  the  fingers — 
properly  adapted  exercises.  The  improvement  of  man  does 
not  imply  the  extinction  of  any  faculty  or  the  creation  of 
new  faculties,  but  the  development  and  training  of  all  existing 
mental  powers.  The  means  through  which  each  faculty  may 
be  strengthened,  if  too  weak  or  restrained,  if  too  active  or 
influential,  will  be  pointed  out  in  another  place. 

VII.    ALL   THE    FACULTIES    GOOD. 

Each  faculty  is  in  itself  good,  and  was  given  by  the  Creator 
for  the  benefit  of  its  possessor  and  the  world,  but  may  be 
perverted  and  distorted,  and  thus  made  an  instrument  of  evil, 
or  stunted  and  dwarfed,  so  as  to  become  impotent  for  good. 
When  rightly  developed,  acting  in  harmony,  and  with  the 
lower  faculties  duly  subjected  to  the  higher,  each  contributes 
its  share  to  the  welfare  and  happiness  of  man. 

There  is  no  organ  of  murder,  but  there  is  a  faculty  intended 
to  impart  energy,  executiveness,  force  and  effectiveness  in 
character  and  action,  which,  when  large,  active,  and  not 
restrained  by  the  more  conservative  powers  of  the  mind, 
may  lead  to  violence  and  bloodshed.  So  the  property- 
getting,  accumulating  propensity,  given  us  for  the  laudable 
purpose  of  making  a  wise  provision  for  the  future,  may,  by 
perversion  and  lack  of  moral  control,  become  the  instigator  of 
fraud  and  theft.  In  all  cases  the  evil  is  the  result  of  a  disorderly 
manifestation^  and  not  the  legitimate  action  o^  the  faculty* 


16  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

II 

PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS. 


I.    BODY   AND   BRAIN. 

has  been  stated  in  the  previous  chapter  that  mental 
manifestation,  depending  primarily  upon  the  size  of 
the  brain  for  its  power  and  efficiency,  is  modified  by 
certain  bodily  conditions  which  affect  the  action  of  the  organs. 
These  conditions  are  so  important  in  their  practical  bearings, 
that  the  student  of  Phrenology,  especially  if  he  have  in  view 
any  application  of  the  science  either  in  public  or  merely 
among  his  friends  and  acquaintances,  should  not  fail  to  make 
himself  familiar  with  them. 

The  intimate  connection  between  body  and  brain  is  illus- 
trated in  many  ways,  and  in  the  experience  of  every  one. 
They  ax3t  and  react  upon  each  other.  The  nerves  which 
ramify  through  every  part  of  the  body,  all  have  their  focus  in 
the  brain.  If  the  body  be  ill,  weak,  or  exhausted,  the  brain 
gives  but  feeble  manifestations.  If  the  body  be  stimulated 
or  exhilarated,  the  brain  shares  its  strengthened  or  quick- 
ened action.  The  influence  of  mind  upon  body  is  not  less 
potent.  Hope  and  joy  quicken  the  circulation,  brace  the 
nerves,  and  give  firmness  and  tension  to  the  muscles.  Grief 
and  despondency  have  a  relaxing  tendency,  weakening  the 
limbs  and  deranging  all  the  functions  of  the  body,  and 
especially  those  of  digestion  and  secretion.  In  the  same  way 
other  conditions  of  body  and  mind,  whether  constitutional 
and  permanent  or  pathological  and  temporary,  act  and  react 
upon  each  other,  making  it  necessary  for  him  who  would 
study  mind  and  read  human  character  to  make  himself  familiar 
with  the  conditions  of  the  body,  and  equally  so  for  him  who 
would  minister  to  the  needs  of  the  body,  either  in  sickness  or 
in  health,  to  make  himself  acquainted  with  the  existing  state 
of  the  mind  as  well  as  its  permanent  characteristics. 


THYSIOLOGICAL     CONDITIONS.  IT 

II.  TEMPERAMENT. 

First  in  order,  in  noting  the  physiological  conditions  which 
affect  mental  manifestation,  is  temperament,  which  may  be 
defined  as  "  a  particular  state  of  the  constitution  depending 
upon  the  relative  proportion  of  its  different  masses  and  the 
relative  energy  of  its  different  functions." 

Temperament  has  generally  been  looked  at  from  the  stand- 
point of  physiology  and  pathology  rather  than  from  that  of 
anatomy,  and  the  classification  of  the  various  constitutional 
conditions  now  generally  accepted  by  physiologists  is  founded 
on  the  distinct  influences  of  the  stomach,  the  lungs,  the  liver, 
and  the  brain,  either  of  which  predominating  gives  its  peculiar 
conformation  and  complexion  to  the  body  and  its  specific 
tone  to  the  mind.  We  have,  then,  under  this  arrangement, 
four  temperaments.  They  are  called :  the  Lymphatic  Tem- 
perament ;  the  Sanguine  Temperament ;  the  Bilious  Tem- 
perament ;  and  the  Nervous  Temperament. 

1.  The   lymphatic   temperament,    depending   on    the   pre- 
dominance of  the  stomach,  is  characterized  by  roundness  of 
form ;  repletion  of  cellular  tissue ;   softness  of  the  flesh ;    a 
weak  pulse,  and  a  languid  condition  of  the  system  generally. 
The  complexion  is  pale,  the  hair  generally  light,  and  the  eyes 
light  and  dull. 

2.  The   sanguine  temperament,   depending  upon  the  pre- 
dominating influence  of  the  arterial  system,  is  indicated  by 
a  moderate  plumpness  of  parts;  tolerably  firm  muscles;  light 
or  chestnut  hair;   blue   eyes;   a  strong,  full  pulse;  and  an 
animated  countenance.     Persons  with  this  temperament  are 
ardent,  lively,  and  impressible,  and  possess  more  activity  am 
energy  than  those  having  the  lymphatic  temperament. 

3.  The  bilious  temperament,  having  the  liver  for  its  b?<is, 
has  for  its  external  signs  black  hair ;  a  dark  yellowish  skin ; 
black  eyes;  firm  muscles;  and  harshly  expressed  forms.     It 
indicates  great  activity,  energy,  and  power. 

4.  The  predominance  and  abnormal  activity  of  the  nervous 
system  gives  rise  to  the  nervous  temperament,  a  constitutional 
condition  marked  by  light,  thin  hair;   slenderness  of  form; 
delicate  health ;   general  emaciation ;   rapidity  of  muscular 


18  HOW    TO    HEAD    CHARACTER. 

action;  and  vivacity  in  sensation.  It  imparts  great  sensi- 
bility and  mental  activity. 

This  classification  has  clearly  a  physiological  foundation, 
but  the  nomenclature  adopted  (drawn  from  pathology  rather 
than  from  anatomy  or  physiology)  is  objectionable,  and  two 
of  the  conditions  or  temperaments  themselves — the  lymphatic 
and  the  nervous— as  usually  described,  are  diseased  and 
abnormal,  and  not  healthy  states  of  the  constitution.  While, 
therefore,  we  acknowledge  its  value  in  a  pathological  point 
of  view,  and  take  into  account  the  morbid  conditions  it 
embraces,  we  prefer  to  base  our  examinations  on  what  w^ 
deem  a  simpler,  and  at  the  same  time  a  more  comprehensive, 
system  founded  on  anatomy. 

There  are  in  the  human  body  three  grand  classes  or  systems 
of  organs,  each  having  its  special  function  in  the  general 
economy,  namely :  the  Motive  or  Mechanical  System  ;  the 
Vital  or  Nutritive  System ;  and  the  Mental  "or  Nervous 
System.  On  this  natural  basis  rests  our  doctrine  of  the 
temperaments,  of  which  there  are  primarily  three,  correspond- 
ing with  the  three  classes  of  organs  just  mentioned,  namely: 

1.  The  Motive  Temperament ; 

2.  The  Vital  Temperament ;  and 

3.  The  Mental  Temperament. 

Each  of  these  temperaments  is   determined   by  the  pre- 
dominance of  the  class  of  organs  from  which  it  takes  its 
name.     The  first  is  marked  by  a  superior  development  of  the 
osseous  and  muscular  systems,  forming  the  locomotive  appa- 
ratus ;   in   the  second,  the  vital  organs,  the  principal  seat  of 
which  is  in  the  trunk,  give  the  tone  to  the  organization  ;  while 
in  the  third,  the  brain  and  nervous  system  exert  the  control- 
ling power. 

THE    MOTIVE    TEMPERAMENT. 

In  the  motive  temperament  the  bones  are  comparatively 
large,  and  generally  long  rather  than  broad,  and  the  forin 
manifests  a  tendency  to  angularity.  The  muscles  are  only 
moderately  full,  but  dense,  firm,  and  possessing  great  strength. 
The  figure  is  generally  tall;  the  face  long;  the  cheek-bones 
high;  the  front  teeth  largo;  the  neck  rather  long;  the 


PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS.  19 

shoulders  broad,  and  the   chest  moderately  full.     The  com- 
plexion and  eyes  are  generally,  but  not  always  dark,  and  the 
hair  dark,  strong,  and  rather  abundant.     The  features  are 
strongly  marked,  and  the  expression  striking  and  sometimes 
harsh  or  stern.     The  whole  system  is  characterized  by  strength 
and  toughness,  and  is  capable  of  great 
endurance.      Persons    in   whom    this 
temperament     predominates     possess 
great    energy,    physical    power,    and 
capacity  for  work.    They  have  strongly 
marked   characters,   and    are   the    ac- 
knowledged leaders  in  the  sphere  of 
active  life.    They  are  men  for  the  field 
rather  than  the  council  chamber,  and 
are  often  found  at  the  head  of  public 
works  and  of  armies.    They  are  observ- 
ers rather  than  thinkers ;  are  firm,  self- 
reliant,  constant  in  friendship  and  in  FlG>  2-WM"  REEVES' 
love  ;    executive,   ambitious,   and    persevering.      They   love 
power  and  conquest,  and  often  pursue  their  ends  with  a  reck- 
less disregard  for  their  own  or  others'  physical  welfare.     As 
speakers,  they  use  strong  expressions,  emphasize  many  words, 
and  talk  to  the  point,  hitting  the  nail  on  the  head  with  a 
heavy  blow. 

There  is  an  abnormal  development  of  this  temperament,  in 
wrhich  both  the  vital  and  mental  systems  are  sacrificed  to 
mere  animal  strength.  It  is  marked  by  a  small  head,  deficient 
in  the  coronal  region  and  broad  at  the  base ;  a  short,  thick, 
neck;  broad  shoulders;  expanded  chest,  and  large,  dense 
muscles,  the  tendons  of  which  are  apparent  through  the  skin. 
The  possessor  of  this  excessive  development  is  remarkable  for 
brute  strength,  and  for  nothing  else,  unless  it  be  stupidity. 
Muscle  is  a  good  thing,  but  it  is  not  well  to  absorb  all  of  one's 
brain  in  producing  an  excess  of  it. 

Full  or  large  Firmness,  Combativeness,  and  Destructive 

*  William  Reeves,  a  popular  Methodist  clergyman,  is  noted  as  an  active,  energetic, 
and  efficient  worker  in  his  chosen  profession.  His  character  is  as  strongly  marked  as 
hie  features.  He  has  black  hair,  dark  brown  eyes,  and  a  dark  complexion. 


20 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


ness,  and  a  strongly  developed  perceptive  region  are  charac- 
teristic of  the  motive  temperament. 

The  motive  temperament  is  generally  predominant  and 
Strongly  marked  among  the  North  American  Indians,  and  is 
very  common  in  Scotland,  Ireland,  Wales,  and  France.  In 
America,  the  States  of  Vermont,  Maine,  Kentucky,  Tennessee, 
Missouri,  and  Arkansas  are  noted  for  its  development.  It 
prevails  in  mountainous  regions. 

THE    VITAL    TEMPERAMENT. 

This  temperament,  depending  upon  the  predominance  of 
the  vital  organs  which  occupy  the  great  cavities  of  the  trunk, 

is  necessarily  marked 
by  breadth  and  thick- 
ness of  body,  rather 
than  by  length.  Its 
prevailing  characteris- 
tic is  rotundity.  The 
chest  is  full ;  the  abdo- 
men well  developed  ; 
the  limbs  plump  and 
tapering,  and  the  hands 
and  feet  relatively 
small.  The  neck  is 
short  and  thick;  the 
shoulders  broad,  but 
not  angular;  and  the 
head  and  face  corre- 
sponding with  the  other 

parts  of  the  system,  incline  to  roundness,  as  seen  in  fig.  3. 
The  complexion  is  generally  florid,  the  eyes  and  hair  light, 
and  the  expression  of  the  countenance  pleasing,  and  often 
mirthful. 

Persons  in  whom  this  temperament  predominates  are  both 
physically  and  mentally  active,  and  love  fresh  air  and  exercise 
as  well  as  lively  conversation  and  exciting  debate,  but  are,  in 


FIG.  S.-^REV.  CHARLES  H.  SPURGEON.* 


*  Rev.  Charles  Haddon  Spurgeon  is  a  vory  popular  English  minister  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.    He  is  ardent,  impulsive,  persuasive,  and  very  effective  as  a  preacher. 


PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS.  21 

general,  less  inclined  to  close  study  or  hard  work  than  those 
in  whom  the  motive  temperament  takes  the  lead.  They  are 
ardent,  impulsive,  versatile,  and  sometimes  fickle ;  and  possess 
more  diligence  than  persistence,  and  more  brilliancy  than 
depth.  They  are  frequently  passionate  and  violent,  but  are 
as  easily  calmed  as  excited,  and  are  cheerful,  amiable,  and 
genial  in  their  general  disposition.  Being  fond  of  jovial  com.' 
pany  and  good  living,  they  are  more  liable  than  others  to 
become  addicted  to  the  excessive  use  of  stimulants,  as  well  as 
to  over-eating,  and  should  be  on  their  guard  against  this 
danger,  and  curb  their  appetites  with  a  strong  will. 

Phrenologically,  the  vital  temperament  is  noted  for  large 
animal  propensities  generally,  and  especially  Amativeness, 
Alimentiveness,  and  Acquisitiveness.  Benevolence,  Hope, 
and  Mirthfulness  are  also  generally  well  developed. 

An  undue  and  abnormal  preponderance  of  the  absorbent 
system,  and  a  sluggish  action  of  the  circulatory  organs,  pro- 
duce the  unhealthy  condition  called  in  the  old  classification 
the  lymphatic  temperament,  characterized,  bodily  and  men- 
tally, by  insurmountable  languor,  sloth,  and  apathy. 

The  vital  temperament  is  the  prevailing  one  in  Germany, 
Holland,  and  England,  and  in  low  countries  and  valleys 
generally ;  also  among  the  negroes. 

THE    MENTAL    TEMPERAMENT. 

The  mental  temperament,  depending  upon  the  predomin- 
ance of  the  brain  and  nervous  system,  is  characterized  by  a 
frame  relatively  slight  and  a  head  relatively  large ;  an  oval 
or  pyriform  face ;  a  high,  pale  forehead,  broadest  at  the  top ; 
delicately  cut  features  ;  an  expressive  countenance ;  fine,  soft 
hair;  a  delicate  skin,  and  a  high-keyed  flexible  voice.  The 
figure  is  often  elegant  and  graceful,  but  seldom  striking  or 
commanding. 

Sensitiveness,  refinement,  taste,  love  of  the  beautiful  in  na- 
ture and  art,  vividness  of  conception,  and  intensity  of  emotion 
mark  this  temperament  in  its  mental  manifestations.  The 
thoughts  are  quick,  the  senses  acute,  the  imagination  lively, 
the  moral  sentiments  generally  active  and  influential, 


HOW    TO    BEAD    CHARACTER. 


In  the  mental  temperament,  the  superior  portions  of  the 
forehead  together  with  the  coronal  region  are  most  fully  de- 
veloped. Causality,  Comparison,  Ideality,  Spirituality,  and 

Veneration  are  generally 
prominent,  while  the  or- 
gans which  lie  in  the  bas- 
ilar  and  posterior  regions 
of  the  cranium  are  not  so 
fully  developed. 

It  is  the  excessive  or 
morbid  development  of 
this  temperament  —  unfor- 
tunately very  common  in 
this  age  and  country  — 
which  corresponds  with  the 
nervous  temperament  of 
the  pathologists.  It  is 
characterized  by  emacia- 
tion of  muscles,  weakness  of  body,  intensity  of  sensation,  and 
a  morbid  impressibility.  The  foundation  for  this  diseased 
condition  is  laid  in  the  premature  and  disproportionate  devel- 
opment of  the  brain,  and  it  is  built  up  by  sedentary  habits ; 
the  immoderate  use  of  tea,  coffee,  tobacco;  and  other  hurtful 
indulgencies. 

The  mental  temperament  is  the  prevailing  one  among  scholars 
everywhere,  and  especially  in  Ireland,  France,  and  America. 


FIG.  4.— ALGERNON  CHARLES  SWINBURNE.* 


BALANCE    OF    TEMPERAMENTS. 

Where  either  of  the  temperaments  exists  in  great  excess, 
the  result  is  necessarily  a  departure  from  symmetry  and  har- 
mony, both  of  body  and  mind,  the  one,  as  we  .have  seen, 
always  aifecting  the  character  and  action  of  the  other.  Per- 
fection of  constitution  consists  in  a  proper  balance  of  tem- 
peraments, and  whatever  tends  to  destroy  this  balance  or 
to  increase  existing  excesses  should  be  carefully  avoided. 


*  A  young  English  poet  of  undoubted  genius,  whose  head  is  something  like  that  of 
Edgar  A.  Poc.    Is  he  not  sadly  wanting  in  vitality  ? 


PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS. 


Fig.  5  is  a  tolerably  good  illustration  of  a  well-balanced 
temperament  and  a  harmoni- 
ous organization. 

A  thorough  practical  knowl- 
edge of  the  temperaments 
alone  will  enable  one  to  form 
a  correct  general  estimate  of 
character.  The  practical  dif- 
ficulty (by  no  means  nnsur- 
mountable,  however)  lies  in 
measuring  accurately  the  rel- 
ative proportion  of  the  dif- 
ferent elements  in  each  indi- 
vidual temperament,  so  as  to 
give  each  its  due  influence 
on  the  character.  Study, 
careful  observation,  and  the 

necessary  practice  will  enable  the  student  to  do  this  in  time, 
however,  with  great  exactness. 

III.    QUALITY. 

The  next  physiological  condition  to  be  considered,  as  affect- 
ing mental  manifestation  and  modifying  the  law  of  size,  is 
quality.  A  piece  of  wrought  iron  is  much  more  tough  than  a 
piece  of  cast  iron  of  the  same  size.  Density  gives  weight  and 
strength.  Porous,  spongy  substances  are  light  and  weak. 
The  lion  is  strong  because  his  muscles,  ligaments,  and  bones 
are  dense  and  tough.  It  is  the  same  in  man  as  in  beast,  in 
brain  as  in  muscle.  Real  greatness  can  exist  only  where  a 
bulky,  compact  brain  is  combined  with  strong  nerves  and  a 
dense,  tough,  firmly-knit  body.  Men  with  small  heads  may 
be  brilliant,  acute,  and,  in  particular  directions,  strong,  but 
they  can  not  be  comprehensive,  profound,  or  commanding; 
and,  on  the  other  hand,  men  with  large  heads  may  be  dull, 
if  not  stupid,  on  account  of  disease  or  low  organic  quality. 
Both  high  quality  and  large  size  are  essential  to  the  highest 
order  of  power,  whether  of  body  or  of  mind. 

*  Formerly  a  merchant,  now  a  banker  in  New  York,    He  is  a  "  Friend,"  or  Quaker. 


24  HOW    TO    KJ2AD    Gr/ARACTER. 

It  is  difficult  to  illustrate  by  means  of  wood-cuts  the  con- 
ditions denominated  high  and  low  quality  respectively,  but 

HIGH  QUALITY.  LOW  QUALITY. 


FIG.  6.— REV.  F.  W.  ROBERTSON.*  FIG.  7.— AITTOINE  PROBST.t 

figs.  6  and  7  will  convey  an  imperfect  idea  of  their  external 
manifestations.  Observe  the  features  of  the  two  characters, 
and  note  the  difference. 

IV.    HEALTH. 

Having  taken  note  of  the  size  of  the  brain  and  the  original 
organic  quality  of  the  body  (with  which  the  brain  must 
correspond),  the  existing  condition  of  the  whole,  as  regards 
health,  must  be  taken  into  account. 

All  states  of  the  body  aifect  the  mind,  as  we  have  shown 
in  a  previous  section.  The  strong  thoughts  which  have 
moved  the  world  have  not  been  sent  forth  among  men  through 
the  agency  of  weak,  sickly  bodies.  The  motive  power  of 
muscle  and  of  brain  is  the  same.  We  can  no  more  write, 
study,  or  think  energetically  and  effectively  when  sick,  than 
we  can  wield  the  ax,  the  sledge  hammer,  or  the  scythe. 


*  An  English  clergyman  who  resided  in  Brighton,  of  singularly  refined  tastes,  fervent 
piety,  and  impressive  eloquence.  He  died  in  1863. 

t  Antoine  Probst,  a  brutal  murderer,  confessed  that  he  killed  seven  persons — the 
Deering  Family.  He  was  executed  in  Philadelphia  in  1866, 


PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS.  25 

Animal  power  is  not  mind,  but  it  is  something  which  mind 
requires,  in  this  life,  for  its  manifestation.  Memory,  reason, 
eloquence,  poetry,  philosophy,  and  even  morality,  are  affected 
by  disease.  A  disordered  body  involves  disordered  or 
weakened  mental  manifestations.  In  some  diseases,  as  in 
consumption,  for  instance,  there  is  often  great  clearness  and 
vividness  of  conception  and  a  high  tone  of  moral  feeling,  but 
there  is,  at  the  same  time,  lack  of  power  and  continuity,  and 
a  fitful  and  vacillating  state  of  mind.  "  A  sound  mind  in  a 
Bound  body"  is  the  law;  and  in  the  sickly  body,  a  weak  and 
inefficient  state  of  mental  action. 

V.    RESPIRATION. 

Respiration  is  one  of  the  most  important  functions  of  the 
physical  system.  Breath  and  life  are  one.  When  the  former 
fails,  death  supervenes.  Even  plants  breathe,  in  their  way, 
and  die  at  once  if  air  be  excluded  from  them. 

The  power  of  respiration  depends  upon  the  size  of  the  chest 
and  the  condition  of  the  lungs.  The  size  of  the  chest  is 
readily  ascertained  by  measurement.*  This,  other  things 
being  equal,  will  be  the  measure  of  the  breathing  power. 
The  general  health  as  well  as  the  condition  of  the  lungs  must 
oe  taken  into  account  as  modifying  the  energy  of  respiration. 
The  signs  of  good  breathing  power,  in  addition  to  a  broad  or 
jieep  chest,  are  considerable  color  in  the  face,  warm  extremi- 
ties, elastic  movements,  and  vigorous  functions  generally. 
Where  it  is  deficient,  there  is  general  pallor,  with  occasional 
flushing  of  the  face,  cold  hands  and  feet,  blue  veins,  and  great 
liability  to  colds  and  coughs. 

Our  vitality  is  in  proportion  to  our  respiration.  The  asser- 
tion of  a  distinguished  physician,  that  "  many  people  die  for 
want  of  breath — when  it  is  their  own  carelessness  alone  that 
prevents  them  from  breathing,"  is  no  less  true  than  startling. 
If  we  only  half  breathe — and  many  scarcely  do  that — we  only 
half  live.  To  expand  the  chest,  therefore,  and  to  increase  our 
breathing  power  where  it  is  deficient,  is  of  the  utmost  import- 

*  Military  regulations  require  the  circumference  of  the  recruit's  chest  to  be  equal  to 
one  half  his  height. 

2 


26  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER 

ance.  Whether,  as  Alphonse  i^e  Roy  and  others  have  coi> 
tended,  the  development  of  the  chest  be  actually  an  absolute 
standard  of  the  length  of  life  or  not,  it  is  clear  enough  that 
by  expanding  it,  life  may  be  prolonged  and  health  and  beauty 
promoted.* 

VI.  CIRCULATION. 

Respiration  and  Circulation  are  closely  related.  Lungs 
and  heart  co-operate  harmoniously  in  the  work  of  manufac- 
turing vitality.  Between  the  heaving  of  the  chest  and  the 
beating  of  the  pulse,  there  is  a  definite  relation  both  in 
strength  and  rapidity. 

Good  blood  is  the  result  of  pure  food  properly  assimilated 
and  fully  oxygenated  by  the  copious  breathing  of  pure  air, 
and  it  is  the  office  of  the  heart  to  propel  this  blood  through 
the  system.  From  the  blood  is  made  muscle,  nerve,  and 
brain.  If  the  blood  be  good,  these  are  strong,  healthy,  and 
efficient.  If  the  blood  be  poor,  or  charged  with  impurities, 
the  structures  built  up  by  it  will  be  weak  and  disordered ;  for 
"  the  blood  is  the  life  thereof." 

The  signs  of  a  good  circulation  are — a  healthy  color  in  the 
face,  warm  extremities,  and  a  slow,  strong,  steady  pulse. 

VII.  DIGESTION. 

Digestive  power  depends  primarily  upon  the  condition  of 
the  organ  of  digestion — the  stomach ;  but  is  affected  by  both 
circulation  and  respiration.  If  the  former  be  deficient,  the 
proper  quantity  of  blood  may  not  be  sent  to  the  stomach 
during  the  process  of  digestion ;  and  if  the  latter  be  imperfect, 
the  blood  sent  to  the  stomach  will  lack  its  full  quickening 
and  strengthening  power.  Copious  breathing  promotes  the 
process  of  digestion  and  strengthens  the  digestive  organs 
as  well  as  the  lungs. 

A  good  development  of  firm,  solid  flesh  and  a  healthy 
color  are  signs  of  sound  digestive  organs  and  an  effective 

*  To  cultivate  breathing  power  and  expand  the  chest,  practice  the  following  exer- 
cise :  Stand  erect,  throw  the  shoulders  back,  and  then  breathe  slowly,  freely,  and  deeply, 
fitting  the  lungs  to  their  utmost  capacity  at  every  inspiration..  Do  this  several  times  a 
day  in  the  open  air  if  practicable,  and  if  not.  in  a  well- ventilated  room, 


PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS.  27 

performance  of  the  digestive  process.  Emaciation,  paleness, 
a  sallow  or  pimpled  skin,  and  a  peevish  and  desponding 
state  of  mind  are  indications  of  deranged  or  imperfect 
digestion. 

VIII.    ACTIVITY. 

Activity  is  a  matter  of  temperament  mainly,  and  is  greatest 
where  the  motive  and  the  mental  temperaments  are  both 
strongly  developed.  Its  indications  are  length  of  body  and 
limb,  with  very  moderate  fullness  of  muscle.  The  deer,  the 
greyhound,  and  the  race-horse  illustrate  the  fact  that  activity 
and  ease  of  action  are  associated  with  length  and  slenderness, 
and  delicacy  of  structure. 

IX.    EXCITABILITY. 

This  is  another  condition  depending  upon  temperamental 
combinations^  and  has  its  greatest  normal  manifestations  in 
those  in  whom  the  vital  and  the  mental  temperaments  are 
both  well  developed.  It  is  morbidly  active  in  persons  whose 
nerves  are  disordered  and  whose  systems  have  been  subjected 
to  the  stimulation  of  alcoholic  liquors,  tobacco,  and  strong 
tea  and  coffee.  In  the  lymphatic  tempera«ment  there  is  the 
opposite  condition, — a  general  coldness  and  apathy,  which 
nothing  seems  to  arouse  into  a  genuine  feeling  of  interest  in 
present  things  and  passing  events. 

X.    BALANCE    OF    CONDITIONS. 

It  is  essential  to  a  harmonious  character,  and  the  most 
efficient  action  of  the  faculties,  that  all  the  developments  of 
the  body  and  brain  and  all  the  physiological  conditions  of 
both  be  well  balanced — that  there  be  no  marked  excesses  or 
deficiencies  ;  and  in  estimating  the  influence  of  the  body  upon 
the  mind  in.  any  given  case,  we  must  not  only  consider  its 
individual  developments  and  conditions,  but  the  proportions 
and  relative  activity  and  power  of  each.  Where  all  act 
together  harmoniously,  the  effective  strength  of  each  is 
increased ;  while,  on  the  other  hand,  lack  of  balance  or 
harmony  impedes  the  action  of  a.U, 


28 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


III. 

GROUPING    OF    THE    ORGANS. 


FIG.  8.— THREE  EEGIONS. 


I.    PLAN    OF   THE    GROUPS. 

•HE  arrangement  of  the 
various  organs  of  the 
brain  in  groups  fur- 
nishes a  beautiful  illustration 
of  that  perfect  adaptation  of 
means  to  ends  which  charac- 
terizes all  the  works  of  God, 
and  which  man  can  only  ap- 
proximate in  his  most  skillfully 
contrived  inventions.  The 
place  of  every  organ  of  body 
and  brain  is  just  that  which 
best  fits  it  for  its  special 
function,  and  grouped  around 
it  for  its  support,  and  for  co-operation  with  it  in  action,  are 
those  organs  most  closely  related  to  it  in  function.  Observe, 
for  instance,  the  relations  so  admirably  indicated  in  the 
arrangement  in  contiguity  of  Amativeness,  Parental  Love, 
Friendship,  and  Inhabitiveness ;  or  of  Acquisitiveness,  Secre- 
tiveness,  Destructiveness,  and  Combativeness.  So  Individu- 
ality, I  ^)rm,  Size,  Weight,  Color,  Order,  and  the  rest  of  the 
Perceptives,  indicate  by  their  locations  not  only  their  matter 
of-fact  tendencies,  but  their  relationship  to  each  other  and  to 
the  external  senses — seeing,  hearing,  etc. 

In  accordance  with  the  same  principle,  we  find  the  groups 
so  placed  that  the  location  of  each  indicates  its  rank  in  the 
graded  scale  of  functions.  The  propensities  or  animal  organs 
(fig.  8)  are  placed  next  to  the  spinal  column,  in  the  base  of 
the  brain,  and  in  close  connection  with  the  body.  Rising 
above  these?  we  come  into  the  region  of  intellect;  while 


GKOUPING  OF  THE  ORGAKS.      29 

that,  in  the  coronal  region,  are  the  moral  or  spiritual  senti- 
ments, through  which  we  are  brought  into  relation  with  God. 

II.    THE    GROUPS    AND   THEIR   FUNCTIONS. 

The  first  •  division  of  the  faculties  of  the  mind  and  the 
organs  of  the  brain  is  into  three  grand  classes : 

1.  The  Propensities ; 

2.  The  Intellectual  Faculties ;  and 

3.  The  Moral  or  Spiritual  Sentiments. 

How  these  great  classes  of  faculties  are  arranged,  each  in 
its  special  region  of  the  brain,  may  be  seen  in  fig.  8.  The 
Propensities,  having  to  do  with  natural  things,  and  being 
closely  related  to.  the  physical  system,  are  placed  nearest  to 
the  body,  with  which  their  connection  is  intimate  through  the 
spinal  marrow  and  its  ramifying  nerves.  In  front,  the  Intel- 
lectual Facu^fes  are  arranged  in  appropriate  order.  They  are 
not  in  quite  so  close  connection  with  the  body  as  the  Propen- 
sities, nor  yet  too  far  removed,  and  have  their  out-look,  as  it 
were,  upon  the  external  world.  Above  these,  and  crowning 
all,  are  the  MORAL  SENTIMENTS,  occupying  the  highest  place, 
as  they  are  highest  in  function  and  relation.  Through  them, 
as  through  windows  opening  toward  heaven,  the  soul  gets 
glimpses  of  things  lying  above  and  beyond  its  present  narrow 
environments — of  a  better  life,  and  of  the  joys  to  which  it 
can  here  only  aspire. 

The  Propensities  give  force  and  efficiency  in  all  actions; 
adapt  us  to  our  fellows ;  and  lead  us  to  take  care  of  ourselves. 
The  Intellectual  Faculties  enable  us  to  obtain  knowledge  of 
men  and  things ;  to  compare  and  arrange  facts ;  and  to  invent 
and  construct  what  we  need  for  the  practical  application  of 
our  knowledge.  The  Moral  or  Spiritual  Sentiments  are 
meant  to  control  all  the  rest  by  subjecting  them  to  the 
tribunals  of  kindness,  justice,  and  the  Divine  Law. 

The  grand  classes  or  orders  of  faculties  and  organs  we 
have  thus  described  and  illustrated  are  each  divisible  into 
smaller  groups,  the  members  of  which  bear  a  still  closer 
relation  to  each  other  than  to  the  members  of  other  sub- 
groups. 


30  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

LARGE.  MODERATE. 


FIG.  9.— YANKEE  SULLIVAN.       THE  PROPENSITIES.        FIG.  10.— REV.  DR.  BOND. 

LARGE.  SMALL. 


11.— REV.  H.  M.  GALLAHER.  FIG.  12.— A  PARTIAL  IDIOT. 

LARGE.        THE  INTELLECTUAL  FACULTIES.        SMALL. 


13.— T.  WORCESTER,  D.D.  FIG.  14.— BRIDGET  DURGAN. 

THE  MOEAL  SENTIMENTS; 


GROUPING    OF    THE    ORGANS. 


fill.  It  is  elevating  and  chastening  in  its  influences,  and  acts 
in  co-operation  with  the  strictly  religious  group,  to  which  it  is 
closely  allied. 

9.  The  Religious  Group  has  the  highest  office  of  all,  and 
tends  to  elevate  man  into  fellowship  with  angels,  and  beget 
aspirations  after  holiness  and  heaven,  while  making  him  at 
the  same  time  meek  and  humble — even  as  a  little  child — 


LARGE. 


SMALL. 


Fia.  20.— EMANTJEL  KANT.  FIG.  21.— A  NEGRO. 

REFLECTIVE  GROUP. 

toward  God.  When  large  and  active,  and  holding  the  lead- 
ing place  which  belongs  to  it,  all  the  other  groups  are  sancti- 
fied through  its  action. 

Our  illustrations,  so  far  as  they  go,  tell  their  own  story  too 
well  to  need  much  comment.  We  select  extreme  cases  when 
we  can,  in  order  to  make  the  contrast  as  great  as  possible,  and 
thus  impress  the  fact  illustrated  upon  the  mind.  Some  of  the 
sub-groups  are  not  susceptible  of  pictorial  illustration. 

CLASSIFIED  LIST   OF  ORGANS. 
L— THE  PROPENSITIES. 

I.   THE    SOCIAL   GROUP. 

1.  Arnativeness.  3.  Adhesiveness. 

2.  Philoprogenitiveness.  4.  Inhabitiveness. 

5.  Continuity  (not  grouped). 

o* 


34:  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

II.    THE   SELFISH    GKOUP. 

E.  Vitativeness.  8.  Alimentiveness. 

6.  Combativeness.  9.  Acquisitiveness, 

7.  Destructiveness.  10.  Secretiveness. 

II.— THE  MORAL   SENTIMENTS. 

I.  THE    SELFISH    GKOUP. 

11.  Cautiousness.  13.  Self-Esteem. 

12.  Approbativeness.  14.  Firmness. 

II.    THE    RELIGIOUS    GROUP. 

15.  Conscientiousness.  17.  Marvelousness. 

16.  Hope.  18.  Veneration. 

19.  Benevolence. 

\ 

III.    SEMI-INTELLECTUAL   GROUP. 

20.  Con  struct!  vp.p.esa  22.  Imitation. 

21.  Ideality.  23.  Mirthfulness. 
C.  Human  Nature.  I).  Agreeabteness, 

III.— INTELLECTUAL  FACULTIES. 

3     GROUP    OF   THE    EXTERNAL    SENSES. 

Feeling.  Hearing. 

Sight.  Taste. 

Smell. 

II.  PERCEPTIVE    GROUP. 

24.  Individuality.  28.  Color. 

25.  Form.  29.  Order. 

26.  Size.  30.  Calculation 

27.  Weight.  31.  Locality. 

III.    THE   LITERARY   GROUP. 

32.  Eventuality.  34.  Tune. 

33.  .Time.  35.  Language. 

IV.    THE    REFLECTIVE    GROUP. 

36.  Causality.  37.  Comparison. 


DEFINITION    OF    THE    ORGANS.  35 

DEFINITION  OF  THE   ORGANS. 

1.  AMATIVENESS,  Love  between  the  sexes — desire  to  marry. 
&..  CONJUGALITY,  Matrimony — love  of  one — union  for  life. 

2.  PARENTAL  LOVE,  Regard  for  offspring,  pets,  etc. 

3.  FRIENDSHIP,  Adhesiveness — sociability — love  of  society. 

4.  INHABITIVENESS,  Love  of  home  and  country. 

5.  CONTINUITY,  One  thing  at  a  time — consecutiveness. 

E.  VITATIVENESS,  Love  and  tenacity  of  life — dread  of  annihilation, 

6.  COMBATIVENESS,  Resistance — defense — courage — opposition. 

7.  DESTRUCTIVENESS,  Exccutiveness — force — energy. 

8.  ALIMENTIVENESS,  Appetite — hunger — love  of  eating. 

9.  ACQUISITIVENESS,  Accumulation — frugality — economy. 

10.  SECRETIVENESS,  Discretion — reserve — policy — management. 

11.  CAUTIOUSNESS,  Prudence — provision — watchfulness. 

12.  APPROBATIVENESS,  Ambition — display, —love  of  praise. 

13.  SELF-ESTEEM,  Self-respect — independence — dignity. 

14.  FIRMNESS,  Decision — perseverance — stability — tenacity  of  will. 

15.  CONSCIENTIOUSNESS,  Integrity — love  of  right — justice — equity. 

16.  HOPE,  Expectation — enterprise — anticipation. 

17.  SPIRITUALITY,  Intuition — faith — "  light  within" — credulity. 

18.  VENERATION,  Reverence  for  sacred  things — devotion — respect. 

19.  BENEVOLENCE,  Kindness — goodness — sympathy — philanthropy 

20.  CONSTRUCTIVENESS,  Mechanical  ingenuity — sleight  of  hand. 

21.  IDEALITY,  Refinement — love  of  beauty — taste — purity. 

B.  SUBLIMITY,  Love  of  grandeur — infinitude — the  endless. 

22.  IMITATION,  Copying— patterning— mimicry— following  examples. 

23.  MIRTHFULNESS,  Perception  of  the  absurd — jocoseness — wit — fun. 

24.  INDIVIDUALITY,  Observation — desire  to  see  and  examine. 

25.  FORM,  Recollection  of  shape — memory  of  persons  and  faces. 

26.  SIZE,  Cognizance  of  magnitude — measuring  by  the  eye. 

27.  WEIGHT,  Balancing — climbing — perception  of  the  law  of  gravity. 

28.  COLOR,  Perception  and  judgment  of  colors,  and  love  of  them. 

29.  ORDER,  Perception  and  love  of  method — system — arrangement 

30.  CALCULATION,  Cognizance  of  numbers — mental  arithmetic. 

31.  LOCALITY,  Recollection  of  places  and  scenery. 

32.  EVENTUALITY,  Memory  of  facts  and  circumstances. 

33.  TIME,  Cognizance  of  duration  and  succession  of  time — punctuality 

34.  TUNE,  Sense  of  harmony  and  melody — love  of  music. 

35.  LANGUAGE,  Expression  of  ideas— memory  of  words. 
36   CAUSALITY,  Applying  causes  to  effect — originality. 

37.  COMPARISON,  Inductive  reasoning — analysis — illustration. 

C.  HUMAN  NATURE,  Perception  of  character  and  motives. 

D.  AGREEABLENESS,  Pleasantness — suavity — persuasiveness. 


SYMBOLICAL  HEAD 

ILLUSTRATING   THE 


NATURAL    LANGUAGE    OF    THE 
FACULTIES. 


LOCATION   OF 
THE     GROANS. 


NAMES  AND  NUMBERS  OF  THE  ORGANS. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.        31 


IY. 
THE  ORGANS  AND   THEIR   FUNCTIONS. 


I.    AMATIVENESS.       (l.)  ., 

Be  fruitful,  and  multiply,  and  replenish  the  earth,  and  subdue  it.  i 

>OC ATION. — The  organ  of  Amativeness  occupies  the 
cerebellum,  situated  in  the  base  of  the  back-head, 
as  shown  at  1,  figure  23.  To  find  it,  feel  on  the 
middle  line  toward  the  base  of  the  skull,  at  the  back  part 
of  the  head,  and  you  will  discover  a  small  bony  projection 
called  the  occipital  process.  Below  this  point,  and  between 


FIG.  24.— AARON  BURR.* 


FIG.  25.— GEORGE  BANCROFT^ 


two  similar  protuberances  (the  mastoid  processes)  behind  the 
bottom  of  the  ears,  lies  the  organ  in  question.  Its  size  is 
indicated  by  the  extension  of  the  occipital  swellings  back' 
ward  and  inward  of  the  mastoid  processes,  and  downward 
from  the  occipital  process.  Observe  the  striking  contrast 

*  Aaron  Burr,  third  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  was  noted  for  his  debauch- 
ery in  private  life,  as  well  as  for  his  unscrupulous  conduct  as  a  statesman. 

t  George  Bancroft,  American  historian,  is  best  known  for  his  "  History  of  the  United 
Stales,"  (he  most  complete  and  elaborate  work  of  the  kind  yet  produced.  He  was 
never  married.  Observe  how  short  and  narrow  the  head  back  and  below  the  ears,  in 
th«  organ  of  Amativenes*.  See  also  Rev.  Dr.  Pusey,  fig.  97. 


38 


HOW    TO    READ     CHARACTER. 


between  figs.  24  and  25  in  respect  to  this  region ;  how  full  the 
head  behind  the  ears  in  the  one  case,  and  how  small  in  the 
other!  The  characters  of  the  two  men  correspond  with  their 
developments.  When  it  is  large,  the  neck  at  those  parts 
between  the  ears  is  thick,  and  it  gives  a  round  expansion  to 
the  nape  of  the  neck,  as  shown  in  fig.  26.  Fig.  27  shows  it 
small. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGNS. — A  large  cerebellum  and  a  full 

neck  are  usually  accom- 
panied by  a  prominent 
if  not  massive  chin,  in- 
dicative of  the  strength 
of  circulation,  vital  stam-  ^\  I/ 

ina,  and  ardor  of  passion 
we  expect  to  find  in  per- 
sons thus   characterized. 
FIG.  26.-LARG*.       Another  and  an  ^failing 

sign  of  Amativeness  is  the  breadth  and  fullness  of  the  lips. 
Their  redness  indicates  present  activity  of  the  organ.  The 
absence  of  color  indicates  inactivity. 

3.  NATURAL  LANGUAGE. — The  action  of  Love  on  the  chin, 
constituting  what  may  be  called  its  natural  language,  consists 
in  throwing  it  forward  or  sidewise,  the  former  movement  being 
the  more  natural  to  woman  and  the  latter  to  man.     These 
movements  of  the  chin  are  accompanied  by  a  slight  parting 
and  considerable  humidity  of  the  lip 

4.  FUNCTION. — The  function  or  use  of  Amativeness  is  to 
manifest  sexual  feeling,  and  give  the  desire  to  love  and  be 
loved,  and  to  marry. 

There  is  no  phrenological  organ  of  more  importance,  or 
which  has  a  greater  influence  upon  human  character  and 
human  destiny,  or  the  bearings  and  relations  of  which  are 
more  extensive.  It  increases  greatly  in  size  and  becomes 
active  at  the  age  of  puberty.  In  males,  it  nearly  doubles  in 
size  between  the  ages  of  ten  and  twenty,  and  the  feelings  and 
emotions  dependent  upon  it  undergo  a  corresponding  change. 
The  gentler  sex,  which  before  were  viewed  with  comparative 
indifference,,  now  seem  invested  with  every  charm.  Their 


THE    ORGANS    AND    TIIElft   FUNCTIONS.        39 

forms  seem  the  perfection  of  grace,  their  faces  all  but  divine, 
their  voices  enchanting,  and  their  smiles  bewitching  beyond 
expression.  The  fair  ones,  at  the  same  period,  are  conscious 
of  similar  feelings,  and  both  sexes  discover  their  greatest  bliss 
in  each  other's  society. 

Dr.  Spurzheim,  speaking  of  this  propensity,  says :  "  Its 
influence  in  society  is  immense.  It  may  excite  various  feel- 
ings, such  as  Combativeness,  Adhesiveness,  and  Destructive- 
ness,  inspire  timid  persons  with  great  moral  courage,  and  at 
other  times  and  under  different  circumstances  mitigates  oar 
nature,  and  increases  the  mutual  regards  of  the  sexes  toward 
each  other." 

5.  PERVERSION. — The    abuse   and   disorderly  gratification 
of  this  propensity  is  fraught  with  innumerable  evils,  physical, 
intellectual,  and  moral,  destroying  the  health  of  the  body  and 
debasing  the  tone  of  the  mind ;  and  so  great  is  the  influence 
of  the  amative  propensity,  that  only  the  full  development  and 
proper  activity  of  the  higher  intellectual  faculties  and  moral 
sentiments  are  sufficient  to  hold  it  in  subjection  and  make  it 
duly  subservient  to  the  great  end  for  wrhich  it  was  created. 

6.  CULTIVATION. — Where  this  organ  is  small,  its  size  and 
activity  may  be  increased,  like  those  of  any  other  organ  or 
part  of  the  body,  by  judicious  exercise ;    and  this  exercise 
consists  in   a  manifestation  of  the  feeling  of  love   for   the 
opposite  sex,  which  should  be  encouraged  and  promoted  by 
social  intercourse  and  the  contemplation  of  the  advantages 
and  pleasures  of  the  conjugal  union.     Any  one  desiring  to 
cultivate  Amativeness,  then,  should  go  into  society  as  much  as 
convenient,  make  it  a  point  to  be  as  agreeable  as  possible  to 
those  persons  of  the  other  sex  with  whom  he  or  she  may  be 
brought  into  contact,  trying  to  appreciate  their  excellences 
and  to  admire  their  personal  charms.     A  wrell-developed  man 
or  woman — one  in  whom  all  the  elements  of  masculine  or 
feminine  organization  and  character  are  present  in  due  pro- 
portion— will  exert  a  strong  influence  upon  the  love  feeling 
of  the  other  sex  and  help  largely  to  awaken  and  develop  the 
organ  of  Amativeness.     Such  persons  should  be  sought,  and  a 
warm   intimacy    established    with    them.      Marriage,    when 


4:0  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

founded  on  constitutional  fitness  and  true  affection,  awakens 
and  develops  this  organ  greatly  in  those  in  whom  it  is 
deficient  or  inactive. 

7.  RESTRAINT. — The  excesses  and  abuses  to  which  this  pro 
pensity  often  leads  are  by  no  means  always  referable  to  the 
excessive  development  of  the  organ  in  the  brain.  The  true 
cause  is  often — perhaps  in  a  majority  of  cases — a  pathological 
one — gastric  irritation  and  an  inflamed  state  of  Jie  blood. 
A  too  stimulating  diet ;  liquors,  wines,  tea,  coffee,  and  tobacco  j 
and  the  excitements  of  the  feverish  sensational  life  of  our  fast 
age  are  the  principal  causes  of  this  unhealthy  condition. 
The  first  step,  then,  is  to  remove  these  causes.  Abandon  the 
stimulants,  withdraw  from  the  sphere  of  social  excitements, 
and  cultivate  the  society  of  people  who  are  living  a  quieter 
and  more  sober,  earnest,'  and  natural,  but  not  less  happy,  life. 
Bathing  and  exercise  in  the  open  air,  with  a  rather  spare  and 
cooling  diet,  will  greatly  aid  in  restoring  the  system  to  a 
healthy  tone.  Beyond  these  hygienic  measures,  the  only 
means  to  be  relied  upon  are  the  restraining  influences  of  the 
aspiring  and  governing  intellectual  faculties  and  the  moral 
sentiments.  These  must  be  cultivated,  and  their  controlling 
influence  brought  to  bear  upon  the  unruly  propensity.  Make 
good  use  of  the  means  God  has  placed  within  your  reach  for 
the  government  of  your  passions,  asking  Him  to  aid  you,  and 
you  will  not  struggle  in  vain. 

II.    CONJUGALITY.       (A.) 

Therefore  shall  a  man  leave  his  father  and  his  mother,  and  shall  cleave  unto  Ms  wife , 
and  they  shall  be  one. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Conjugality  or  Union  for  Life 
is  situated  in  the  lower  part  of  the  back-head  (A,  fig.  23),  just 
above  Amativeness.    It  does  not  admit  of  pictorial  illustration, 
except  merely  to  indicate  its  place,  as  in  fig.  28. 

2.  FUNCTION. — The  instinct   of  permanent  union  between 
the  sexes  which  it  is  the  function  of  Conjugality  to  manifest, 
though  closely  related  to  Amativeness,  is  a  distinct  faculty, 
and  each  may  be  exercised  independently  of  the  other.     In 
fact,  Conjugality  very  often  comes  into  activity  before  Ama- 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS. 


tiveness,  and  the  young  heart  pants  to  find  its  mate,  and 
really  does  select,  meets  with  a  response,  and  never  regrets 
the  choice,  or  changes  in  the  least.  Some  of  the  most  perfect 
and  happy  of  unions  ever  known  have  been  of  this  sort,  formed 
in  childhood,  perhaps  five  years  before  the  promptings  of 
Amativeness  were  experienced. 

3.  ILLUSTRATIVE    EXAMPLES. — Some    birds    and    animals 
choose  a  sexual  mate,  and  remain  faithful  to  that  mate  for 
life,  as  the  lion  and  the  eagle.     The  sheep  and  horse  associate 
promiscuously,  and  do  not  choose  mates  at  all.     The  lion  and 
eagle  manifest  one  faculty  that  the  horse  and  sheep  do  not 
evince,  consequently  the  disposition  to  choose  a  sexual  mate 
for  life  is  a  distinct  and  special 

faculty.  Among  the  lower  animals, 
those  that  pair  for  life  are  just  as 
constant  in  aifection  the  whole 
year  round  as  they  are  during 
the  procreating  season,  showing 
that  for  ten  months  in  the  year 
Amativeness  is  by  no  means  their 
bond  of  union. 

4.  CULTIVATION. — One  desiring 
to  develop  this  organ  should  strive 
to  center  all  his  or  her  hopes,  in- 
terests, and  plans  for  life  in  the 
one  already  beloved,  and  not  let 
new  faces  awaken  new  loves.     Be 
as  much  as  possible  in  the  com- 
pany of  the  chosen  companion,  and 

when  absent  cherish  every  memorial,  association,  and  remi- 
niscence connected  with  him  or  her,  not  allowing  the  affections 
to  wander,  but  keeping  ever  in  view  the  good  qualities  and 
charms  of  person  and  mind  which  first  attracted  you. 

5.  RESTRAINT. — Should   the   chosen   one    die,   or   love   be 
blighted  in  any  way,  it  may  be  necessary  to  restrain  an 
excessive  manifestation  of  this  faculty  leading  to  despondency 
and  broken-heartedness.      Try,  then,  to  appreciate  the  ex- 
cellences of  others ;  seek  society,  and  try  to  find  a  suitablw 


FIG.  28.— FBMALE  HEAD. 


42  HOW    TO    READ     CHARACTER. 

object  upon   which  to  bestow  your  affections,  remembering 
that  "  there  are  as  good  fish  in  the  sea  as  ever  were  caught." 

III.    PARENTAL    LOVE.       (2.) 
Can  a  woman  forget  her  sucking  child  ? 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Parental  Love  or  Philopro- 
genitiveness  is  situated  above  the  middle  part  of  the  cerebel- 
lum (2,  fig.  23),  and  about  an  inch  above  the  occipital  protuber- 
ance. When  large,  it  gives  fullness  to  the  back-head  above 


FIG.  29.— QUEEN  VICTORIA.*  FIG.  30.— A.  JoHNsoN.t 

Amativeness,  as  seen  in  fig.  29,  which  may  be  contrasted 
with  fig.  30,  in  which  the  organ  is  small. 

2.  FUNCTION. — Parental  Love,  as  its  name  implies,  is  the 
peculiar  feeling  which  watches  over  and  provides  for  the 
wants  of  offspring.  Its  primary  function  is  to  impart  love 
for  the  young,  and  particularly  for  one's  own  children ;  but  it 
also  leads  to  a  fondness  for  pets  generally,  as  an  incidental 
manifestation.  It  gives  a  softness  of  manner  in  treating  the 
feeble  and  the  delicate,  even  in  advanced  life ;  and  persons 
in  whom  this  organ  is  large  in  combination  with  Benevolence, 
are  better  fitted  for  the  duties  of  a  sick-chamber  than  those 
in  whom  Philoprogenitiveness  is  small.  The  natural  language 
of  the  faculty  is  soft,  tender,  and  endearing.  It  is  essential 

*  Queen  Victoria  is  known  to  have  been  a  loving  wife,  and  to  be  the  excellent  but 
perhaps  over-fond  mother  of  many  children. 

t  Johnson  was  a  bachelor,  no  lover  of  children— and  children,  we  are  sure,  would 
avoid  him — and  is  said  to  have  been  a  v.-oman-hater.  Observe  his  lips  and  mouth. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.        43 

lo  a  successful  teacher  of  children.  Individuals  in  whom  th<j 
organ  is  deficient,  have  little  sympathy  with  the  feelings  of 
the  youthful  mind,  and  their  tones  and  manner  of  communi- 
cating instruction  repel,  instead  of  attracting,  the  affections  of 
the  pupil.  It  is  particularly  well  developed  in  the  negro,  who 
makes  an  excellent  nurse.  In  selecting  a  person  to  take  care 
of  children,  always,  if  possible,  take  one  in  whom  this  organ 
is  full  or  large. 

3.  PERVERSION. — A   perverted   manifestation   of  Parental 
Love  spoils  children  by  excessive  indulgence  or  pampering, 
or  by  allowing  them  to  rule,  instead  of  yielding  that  obedience 
which  is  due  from  offspring  to  parent. 

4.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — Those  who  possess  the  feel- 
ing of  parental  love  in  a  high  degree,  show  it  in  every  word 
and  look  when  children  are  concerned-;  and  these,  again,  by  a 
reciprocal  tact,  or,  as  it  is  expressed  by  the  author  of  Waverly, 

by  a  kind  of  '  free-mason- 
ry,' discover  at  once  per- 
sons with  whom  they  may 
be   familial*,   and   use   all 
manner  of  freedom.     It  is 
common,    when    such    an 
Pro.  31.— FEMALE  SKULL,  individual  appear^  among     FIG.  32.— MALE. 
them,  to  see  him  welcomed  with  a  shout  of  delight.     Other 
individuals,  again,  feel  the  most  marked  indifference  toward 
children,  and  are  unable  to  conceal  it  when  betrayed  into 
their  company. 

The  organ  of  Parental  Love  is  more  prominently  developed 
in  the  female  than  in  the  male  head.  It  is  this,  iij  part,  that 
gives  its  proportionally  greater  length  from  the  forehead  to 
the  occiput  in  the  former.  Figs.  31  and  32  indicate  this  and 
other  differences  between  the  heads  of  the  two  sexes.  Of 
course  there  are  exceptions  to  this  general  rule.  Sometimes 
the  back-head  is  small  in  women,  and  also  occasionally  very 
large  in  man.  In  these  cases  it  will  generally  be  found  that 
the  woman  resembles  her  father  and  the  man  his  mother. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — To  cultivate  the  organ  of  Parental  Love 
one  should  court  the  society  of  children,  play  much   with 


HOW    TO     READ    CHARACTER. 


them,  find  try  to  enter  into  the  spirit  of  their  sports  and  games, 
and  to  sympathize  with  them  in  their  little  joys  and  griefs, 
being  always  tender  and  indulgent  toward  them.  Those 
who  have  no  children  of  their  own  should,  if  they  have  the 
means  to  support  them,  adopt  one  or  more,  or  provide  some 
suitable  pets.  The  organ  is  large  in  Ralph  Wells,  a  teacher. 
6.  RESTRAINT. — If  there  be  a  tendency  to  idolatrous  fond- 
ness or  to  undue  and  hurtful  indulgence,  the  restraining  influ- 
ence of  reason  and  moral  sentiment  must  be  brought  to  bear. 
It  should  be  impressed  upon  the  mind  that  the  good  of  the 
child  requires  the  exercise  of  the  parents'  authority,  and  that 
they  are  responsible  for  all  the  evils  which  come  from  their 
neglect  to  exercise  it. 

IV.  -FRIENDSHIP.       (3.) 

The  soul  of  Jonathan  was  knit  with  the  soul  of  David,  and  Jonathan  loved  him  as 
hie  own  soul. 

LAKGE-  1.    LOCATION.  —  The    organ    of 

Friendship  or  Adhesiveness  is  situ- 

NOT  SO  LARGE. 


FIG.  33.— MLLE.  N.*  FIG.  34.-IsAAc  T. 

ated  at  the  posterior  edge  of  the  parietal  bone  (3,  fig.  23), 
just  above  the  larnbdoidal  suture.     It  projects  at  the  pos- 

*  Mile.  N.,  a  young  Parisienne,  was  so  tenderly  attached  to  a  lady  of  her  own  age, 
that  neither  marriage  nor  the  solicitations  of  her  mother  could  induce  her  to  leave  her. 
Her  friend  died  at  a  time  when  such  an  event  was  least  expected,  but  Mile.  N.  did  not 
immediately  exhibit  any  marked  signs  of  grief,  so  that  her  friends  deemed  her  resigned 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.       45 

terior  and  lateral  part  of  the  head,  on  each  side  of  Inhab- 
itiveness,  and  a  little  higher  than  Philoprogenitiveness, 
and  when  very  large  produces  two  annular  protuberances 
there. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — Friendship  (Adhesiveness)  holds 
fast,  clings,  adheres,  and  is  represented  by  the  round  muscle 
which  surrounds  the  mouth  and  draws  together  or  closes  the 
lips.     When    this   muscle  is   large   and    strong   it   produces 
slightly  converging  wrinkles  in  the  red  part  of  the  lips,  some- 
times extending  slightly  into  the  white  part.     Small  perpen- 
dicular wrinkles  in  the  red  part  of  the  lips  indicate  a  smaller 
degree  of  Friendship,  but  not  a  deficiency. 

3.  NATURAL  LANGUAGE. — The  great  activity  of  this  organ 
disposes  persons  to  embrace  and  cling  to  each  other;    two 
children  in  whom  it  is  active  will  put  their  arms  round  each 
other's  necks,  and  lay  their  heads  together,  causing  them  to 
approach  in  the  direction  of  the  organ  of  Adhesiveness,  or 
assuming  this  attitude  as  nearly  as  possible.     A  dog,  when 
anxious  to  show  his  attachment,  will  rub  his  head  at  the  seat 
of  this  organ  on  his  master's  leg. 

4.  FUNCTION. — This  organ  gives  the  instinctive  tendency 
to  attachment  and   delight   in   the  return  of  affection.     It 
causes  one  to  seek  company,  love  society,  and  indulge  friendly 
feelings.     Those  in  whom  it  is  strong  feel  an  involuntary 
impulse  to  embrace  and  cling  to  any  object  which  is  capable 
of  experiencing  fondness.     It  gives  ardor  and  a  firm  grasp  to 
the  shake  with  the  hand.      In  boys,  it  frequently  displays 
itself  in  attachment  to  dogs,  rabbits,  birds,  horses,  or  other 
animals.     In  girls,  it  adds  fondness  to  the  embraces  bestowed 
upon  the  doll.     The  feelings  which  it  inspires  abound  in  the 


to  the  loss  of  her  companion.  A  day  or  two  elapsed  after  the  burial  when  she  was 
found  in  her  chamber  quite  dead,  having  committed  suicide.  A  letter,  addressed 
to  her  parents',  disclosed  the  state  of  her  mind  previous  to  the  fatal  act,  the  substance 
of  which  was  that  she  could  not  survive  the  loss  of  her  friend.  In  scanning  the  con- 
formation of  the  back-head  of  Mile.  N.,  it  must  be  at  once  seen  how  very  large  the 
region  of  the  social  sentiments  appears.  Mark  the  great  distance  from  the  ear  back- 
ward. It  i*  an  extraordinary  instance,  and  t^  above  account  furnishes  the  surprising 
fact  in  connection  with  so  great  a  development. 

t  Father  Hacker  is  a  Roman  Catholic  priest  of  New  York,  of  German  and  English 
gtock,  aoted  for  learning,  talent,  energy,  and  strength  of  character. 


46  HOW    TO    BEAD    CHARACTER. 

poetry  of  Moore.     He  beautifully  describes  its  effects  in  th* 
following  lines : 

The  heart,  like  a  tendril  accustomed  to  cling, 
Let  it  grow  where  it  will,  can  not  flourish  alone ; 

But  will  lean  to  the  nearest  and  loveliest  thing 
It  can  twine  with  itself  and  make  closely  its  own. 

5.  PERVERSION. — Perverted  Friendship  leads  to  bad  com- 
pany and  the  formation  of  attachments  for  the  unworthy. 

6.  CULTIVATION. — Friendship  may  be  cultivated  by  associ 
ating  freely  with  those  around  us,  going  much  into  society, 
and   keeping  the  heart  open  to  all  social  influences.     One 
should  strive  to  be  as  companionable  as  possible,  and  not  too 
exclusive  and  fastidious  in  regard  to  associates. 

7.  RESTRAINT. — Friendship  hardly  needs  restraining,  but 
should  be  kept  under  the  guidance  of  the  intellect  and  moral 
sentiments,  so  as  not  to  be  bestowed  upon  unworthy  objects 

V.    INHABITIVENESS.        (4.) 

The  Lord  forbid  it  me,  that  I  should  give  the  inheritance  of  my  fathers  unto  thee. 

LARGE.  NOT  LAKGE. 


Fio.  35.-RHV.  T.  O.  PAINE.*  FIG.  36.-REv.  G.  H. 


1.  LOCATION. — Inhabitiveness  is  located  between  Parental 
Love  and  Continuity,  on  the  back  part  of  the  head.     Where 

*  Mr.  Paine  is  a  Swedenborgian  preacher,  and  author  of  a  work  well  known  and 
esteemed  in  his  church,  "  Of  Restoring  the  Holy  Tabernacle,"  etc. 

t  Mr.  Hepworth  is  a  popular  and  eloquent  Unitarian  minister  of  Massachusetts. 


THE    ORGANS   AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.       47 

it  is  large  or  very  large  and  Continuity  moderate,  an  angle  is 
formed  near  the  union  of  the  lambdoidal  sutures,  between  which 
and  the  occipital  bone  there  will  be  considerable  distance. 

2.  FUNCTION. — The  function  of  this  organ  is  to  give  lore 
of  home  and  country,  a  desire  to  have  a  permanent  abode, 
and  attachment  to  any  place  where  one  was   born  or   lias 
lived.     The  feeling  is  particularly  strong  in  the  Swiss,  and  in 
the  inhabitants  of  mountainous  countries  generally. 

3.  CULTIVATION. — To  increase  the  activity  of  this  organ, 
one  should  make  home  as  attractive  as  possible,  and  cultivate 
a  love  of  it  by  planting  trees,  vines  and  shrubs,  and  by  dwelling 
on  the  associations  and  memories  connected  with  it.     Reading 
the  history  of  one's  country,  and  cherishing  a  just  pride  in  its 
greatness  and  glory,  has  a  tendency  to  arouse  and  increase 
feeling. 

4.  RESTRAINT. — Where   this   feeling   is   very   strong   and 
active,  absence  from  home  or  country  often  causes  a  terrible 
feeling  of  home-sickness.     This  excessive  local   attachment 
may  be  weakened  by  going  frequently' abroad,  reading  books 
of  travel,  and  becoming  interested  in  foreign  countries. 

VI.    CONTINUITY.       (5.) 

Let  every  man  abide  in  the  same  calling  wherein  he  was  called. 

1.  LOCATION. — Continuity  or  Concentrativeness  is  situated 
next  above  Inhabitiveness  and  below  Self-Esteem.     When 
large,  it  gives  a  general  fullness  to  that  region ;  and  when 
moderate  or  small,  a  marked  depression  will  be  perceptible. 

2.  FUNCTION.— The  function  of  Continuity  is  to  give  con- 
nectedness to  thought  and  feeling,  and  thoroughness  in  the 
elaboration  of  ideas  or  the  working  out  of  the  details  of  any 
plan.     It  enables  us  to  keep  the  other  faculties  concentrated 
upon  a  single  object,  and  to  follow  a  train  of  thought  uninter- 
ruptedly through  all  its  phases  till  we  reach  the  legitimate 
conclusion.      It    gives    unity   and   completeness   to   mental 
operations. 

3.  EXCESS. — A  too  strong  development  of  this  feeling  leads 
to  excessive  amplification  and  tedious  prolixity. 


48  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

4.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — Continuity  is  very  largely 
developed  in  the  German  head,  and  only  a  little  less  so  in  the 
English,  and  the  people  of  these  nationalities  generally  stick 
to  one  thing — one  trade  or  profession  through  life,  and  in 
literature  and  art  produce  elaborate  and  finished  works, 
noted  for  unity  and  completeness.  The  American  has  in  gen- 
eral but  a  moderate  endowment  of  the  faculty,  is  correspond- 
ingly versatile,  and  often  changes  his  occupation.  He  is, 


FIG.  37.— THOMAS  HUGHES.* 


FIG.  38.— ELIHU 


perhaps,  first  a  lawyer,  then  a  doctor,  and  finally  a 
or  a  farmer — possibly  all  these  at  once ;  and  this  is  one  of  the 
greatest  defects  in  the  American  character,  and  accounts,  in 
fact,  for  the  superficial  nature  of  much  of  our  literature,  and 
the  want  of  thoroughness  in  our  studies  and  in  v^ur  scientific 

O 

investigations.     The  defect  is  increased  in  those  (Schools  where 
a  great  many  studies  are  pursued  at  one  time. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — Such  an  arrangement  of  work  or  business 
as  will  compel  continuous  attention  to  one  thing,  or  a  steady 
adherence  to  one  line  of  conduct,  will  tend  to  increase  the 
activity  of  the  faculty  undei  consideration,  and  promote  the 
growth  of  its  orgfin  in  the  brain.  Let  it  be  *'  one  thing  at  a  time." 

*  Thomas  Hughes,  member  of  the  British  Parliament,  and  author  of  "  Tom  Brown's 
School  Days,'1  etc.,  manifests  in  his  works  the  imlueuce  of  this  organ. 

t  Well  known  as  "  the  Learned  Blacksmith/     Observe  also  his  large  Individuality. 


THE   ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.        49 


6.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  the  excessive  or  too  influential 
manifestation  of  Continuity,  one  should  reverse  the  directions 
given  in  the  preceding  paragraph,  and  compel,  by  some 
arrangement  of  occupation,  a  frequent  transfer  of  the  atten- 
tion from  one  thing  to  another.  In  writing  or  speaking, 
where  there  is  a  tendency  to  prolixity,  it  is  well  to  prescribe 
to  one's  self,  before  commencing,  rather  narrow  limits,  and 
make  it  a  point  not  to  overstep  them. 

VII.    VITATIVENESS.       (E.) 

All  that  a  man  hath  will  he  give  for  his  life. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  this  faculty  is  located  just  be- 
hind the  ear,  below  Combativeness,  and  forward  from  Amative- 
ness  (fig.  23,  E).     See  also  fig.  39. 

2.  FUNCTION. — It  gives  a  love  of 
existence  for  its  own  sake,  tenacity 
of  life,  dread  of  death,  and  resist- 
ance to  disease. 

3.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES.  — 
There  is  a  remarkable  difference 
among  men  in  regard  not  only  to 
the  love  of  life  and  the  dread  of 
death,  but  to  the  actual  hold  upon 
life.  One  passes  through  cholera  or 
yellow  fever ;  ,gets  shipwrecked,  arid 
goes  for  days  without  food  and 
lives,  while  others  "  give  up"  and  let  FlG 
go  of  life  when  they  might  have  held 
on.  Some  yield  readily  to  disease,  and  resign  themselves  to  die 
with  little  reluctance,  while  others  struggle  with  the  utmost 
determination  against  death,  and  by  the  power  of  the  will 
often  recover  from  a  sickness  that  would  quickly  prove  fatal 
to  another  with  the  same  degree  of  constitution  and  vital 
power,  but  lacking  this  faculty  of  resistance  to  death.  This 
difference  is  believed,  on  the  evidence  of  thousands  of  obser- 
vations, to  be  due  to  the  different  degrees  of  development  of 

*  An  American  politician  and  statesman,  noted  for  his  independence,  persistence, 
*ud  tenacity  as  well  as  for  physical  -v^d  mental  vi£T 


.— THOMAS  H.  BENTON.* 


60 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


a  fundamental  faculty  which  we  call  Vitativeness.     It  is  not 
recognized  by  the  European  writers  on  Phrenology. 

4.  CULTIVATION. — The  constant  contemplation  of  the  pleas- 
ures and  advantages  of  life,  and  the  formation  of  plans  to 
secure  these  pleasures  and  advantages  in  the  largest  possible 
measure,  or  to  do  good  by  living,  will  tend  to  increase  the 
size  and  influence  of  this  orgaia. 

5.  RESTRAINT. — A  morbid  love  of  this  life  should  be  held 
in  check  by  cultivating  faith  in  God  and  in  a  better  life  to 
come.     Let  us  cheerfully  accept  the  inevitable. 

VIII.    COMBATIVENESS.       (6.) 

Whatsoever  thy  hand  findeth  to  do,  do  it  with  thy  might. 

1.  LOCATION. — Combativeness  lies  behind  and  above  the 
ears,  as  shown  in  the  diagram  (fig.  23)  at  6.    To  find  it  off  the 

MODERATE. 


FIG.  40.— J.  H.  HOPKINS,  D.D.* 


FIG.  41.— HORATIO  POTTER,  B.P.f 


living  head,  draw  a  line  from  the  outer  angle  of  the  eye  to 
the  top  of  the  ear,  and  thence  straight  backward  from  an  inch 
and  a  half  to  an  inch  and  three  quarters,  and  you  will  be  on 

*  Dr.  Hopkins  was  for  some  years  Presiding  Bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  of  the  United  States,  and  was  distinguished  for  energy,  industry,  and  contro- 
versial ability. 

t  Horatio  Potter,  D.D.,  is  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop  of  New  York.  <IP<!  \»  much 
beloved  and  admired  by  his  people  for  intelligence^  devotion,  mil<1ness.  aurl  majr 
i/iuiuiity. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.        51 


FIG.  42. 


the  place  of  the  organ.  On  the  cranium  it  corresponds  with 
the  inferior  pobteii<,t  angle  of  the  parietal  bone,  above  and  a 
little  behind  the  mastoid  process,  and  when  large,  gives  great 
breadth  to  the  heH  at  that  point,  as  shown  in  fig.  42.  Fig. 

43  shows  the  form  of  the  head 

when  this  organ  is  small. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGNS. — In 
*  connection  with  the  breadth  of 

the  back  part  of  the  side-head  at 

the  point  we  have  indicated,  there        FlG'  43' 
may  generally  be  observed  a  marked  enlargement  of  the  neck 
below,  as  in  Marshall,  the  English  boxer  (fig.  44).     This  sign, 
when  present,  we  consider  infallible,  and  as  it  is  not  often 
covered  by  the  hair,  is  readily  seen.    , 

Prominence  of  the  ridge  of  the  nose  is  believed  to  be  another 
sign  of  Combati  veness.  It 
is  certainly  a  well-defined 
characteristic  of  most  great 
warriors,  pugilists,  and 
other  fighters. 

3.  NATURAL  LANGUAGE. 
— The  action  of  Combative- 
ness    tends    to.  throw    the 
head  backward  and  a  little 
to  the  side  in  the  direction 
of  the  organ,  and  to  give 
the  person  the  attitude  of  a 
boxer.     It    also,  when    ex- 
cited, gives  a  hard  thump- 
ing sound  to  the  voice,  as  if 
each  word  were  a  blow. 

4.  FUNCTION. — Combat- 
iveness  is  not  primarily  a 
fighting  faculty,  and  might 

have  received  a  better  name.  Its  ofiiee  is  to  give  the  will  and 
ability  to  overcome  obstacles,  to  resist  aggression,  contend  for 
rights,  and  to  protect  person  mid  property.  If  it  be  necessary 
to  fight  for  these  objects,  it  gives  the  pluck  to  do  it,  A  cou- 


FIG.  44. — MAKSHALL — MUEDERER. 


£2  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

siderable  endowment  of  it  is  indispensable  to  all  great  and 
magnanimous  characters.  Even  in  schemes  of  charity,  or  in 
plans  for  the  promotion  of  religion  or  learning,  opposition  will 
arise,  and  Combativeness  inspires  its  possessor  with  that 
instinctive  bold- 
ness which  enables 
the  mind  to  look 
undaunted  on  a 
contest  in  virtue's 
cause,  and  to  meet 
it  without  the  least 
shrinking.  Were 
the  organ  very 

deficient  in  the  promoters  of  such  schemes,  they  would  be 
liable  to  be  overwhelmed  by  contending  foes,  and  baffled  in 
all  their  exertions. 

5.  PERVERSION. — When  too  energetic  and  ill-directed, 
Combativeness  produces  the  worst  results.  It  then  inspires 
with  the  love  of  contention  for  its  own  sake.  In  private 
society  it  produces  the  controversial  opponent,  who  will 
wrangle  and  contest  every  point,  and,  "  e'en  though  van- 
quished, argue  still."  When  thus  energetic  and  active,  and 
not  directed  by  the  Moral  Sentiments,  it  becomes  a  great 
disturber  of  the  peace  in  the  domestic  circle ;  contradiction  is 
then  a  gratification, 
and  the  hours  which 
ought  to  be  dedi- 
cated to  pure  and 
peaceful  enjoyment 
are  imbittered  by 
strife.  On  the  great 
field  of  the  world  its 

FIG.  47.  ,  PIG.  48. 

abuses  lead  to  quar- 
rels, and,  when  combined  with  Destructiveness,  to  bloodshed 
and  devastation. 

C.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — This  organ  is  generally  more 
developed  in  men  than  in  women,  and  in  male  than  in  female 
animals.  It  is  constantly  found  large  in  military  commanders 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS 


53 


and  others  who  have  shown  remarkable  valor  and  disregard 
of  danger.  Napoleon's  generals  Ney  and  Marat  are  ex- 
amples in  point.  Look,  too,  at  the  skull  of  General  Wurmser 
(fig.  *5),  who  defended  Mantua  so  obstinately  against 
Napoleon !  See  how  broad  it  is  from  side  to  side  in  the  region 
of  the  org-dri  we  are  illustrating  !  and  compare  it  with  that  of 
the  Cingalese  boy  (fig.  46)  which 
we  have  placed  near  it.  Our  own 
great  commanders,  Grant,  Sher- 
man, Sheridan,  Hancock,  and 
Thomas  (fig.  49).  Are  remarkable 
for  this  development  and  for  th 
qualities  it  indicates. 

The  ancient  artists  treem  to  have 
known  that  there  exists  some  con- 
nection between  this  configuration 
and  animal  courage,  for  they  have 
given  it  to  the  heads  of  their  gladi- 
ators and  wrestlers. 

The  heads  of  courageous  animals 
between  and  behind  the  ears  are  wide,  as  in  fig.  48,  while 
those  of  timid  and  shy  ones  are  narrow  at  the  same  place,  as 
;in  fig.  47. 

7.  CULTIVATION. — To  cultivate  this  organ  where  deficient,  one 
should  rather  court  than  avoid  encounters  wTith  whatever  has 
a  tendency  to  call  out  a  spirit  of  defiance,  resistance,  or  oppo- 
sition ;  and  should  make  it  a  point  to  engage  in  debates  and 
mental  contests  on  every  suitable  occasion. 

8.  RESTRAINT. — To   restrain   Combativeness,  requires   the 
controlling  power  of  the  intellect  a*id  the  Moral  Sentiments, 
which  should  be  placed  as  guards  over  it,  to  quell  at  once, 
before  it  burst  into  flame,  the  rising  spirit  of  anger  and  con- 
tention.    As  precautionary  measures,  we  should  avoid  excit- 
ing discussions  and  conflicts  of  opinion,  as  well  as  scenes  and 
places  where  temptations  to  quarrel  and  fight  would  be  likely 
to  assail  us 


PIG.  49.— GENERAL  THOMAS.* 


*  Major-General  George  H.  Thomas  is  an  officer  in  the  United  States  Army, 
greatly  distinguished  himself  during  the  late  civil  -war, 


54: 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


IX.    DESTRUCTIVENESS.       (7.) 
Be  ye  angry,  and  sin  not ;  let  not  the  sun  go  down  on  your  wrath. 

1.  LOCATION. — Destructiveness  (7,  fig.  23)  is  situated  in> 
mediately  above  the  ear,  and  its  development  gives  prominence 

LARG3.  NOT  LARGE. 


FIG.  50.— LEONARD  BACON.* 


FlG.  51.— -AlJBERT  BARNES.t 


to  the  skull  at  that  point,  and  breadth  to  the  center  of  the 
basilar  region  of  the  head,  as  shown  ir  fig.  52.  Fig.  53  shows 
the  form  given  to  the  skull  by  its  deficiency.  When  well 

developed  it  is  easily 

distinguished. 
2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL 

SIGN.  —  In    carnivo- 
rous   animals  —  the 

linn,  the  tiger,  and 

the  wolf,  for  instance 

—  the     upper     jaw 
Fie.  52.— DESTRFCTIVENESS    projects    forward   of    FIG.  53.— DESTRUCTIVE- 

the  lower;  while  in 

vegetable  eaters  the  reverse  is  true,  as  seen  in  the  sheep,  the 
goat,  the  cow,  etc.  In  carnivorous  birds,  the  upper  mandible 

*  A  prominent  minister  of  the  Congregationalist  denomination  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  regarded  as  the  champion  of  his  sect  in  New  England. 

t  Dr.  Barnes,  formerly  of  Western  New  York,  now  of  Philadelphia,  is  well  and  widely 
fcnown  as  $n  author,  and  as  a  pulpit  orator  o/  the  Presbyterian  denomination,. 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.   55 


is  much  longer  than  the  lower,  bending  over,  as  in  the  eagle, 
the  hawk,  etc.  It  is  believed  that  in  man  analogous  physical 
peculiarities  indicate  dispositions  allied  to  those  of  the  class 
of  animals  to  which  the  resemblance  may  be  traced.  Thus 
an  individual,  like  that  represented  in  fig.  54,  in  whom  the 
upper  jaw  projects  slightly  beyond  the  lower,  will  be  founc 
to  have  large  Destructiveness  and  to  be  particularly  fond  of 
animal  food  ;  while  fig.  55  represents  one  who  prefers  vege 
table  food,  and  is  adverse  to  the  shedding  of  blood,  Destruc- 


FIG.  54.— DESTRUCTIVENESS  LARGE. 


FIG.  55.— DESTRUCTIVENESS  SMALL. 


tiveness  being  small.     This  sign,  however,  requires  the  con 
firmation  of  more  extensive  observations. 

3.  NATURAL  LANGUAGE. — When  very  active,  this  propensity 
produces  a  quick  step,  a  drawing  up  of  the  body  to  the  head, 
and  a  stamping  or  striking  downward,  also  a  wriggling  of 
the  head,  like  the  motion  of  a  dog  in  the  act  of  worrying. 
It  gives  a  dark  expression   to  the   countenance,  and  harsh 
and  discordant  tones  to  the  voice.     If  in  a  friendly  converse 
with  a  person  in  whom  the  organ  is  large  and  Secretiveness 
small,  one  happens  to  touch  on  some  irritating  topic,  in  an 
instant  the  softness  of  Benevolence  and  the  courtesy  of  Love 
of  Approbation  are  gone,  and  the  hoarse  growl  of  Destruc- 
tiveness indicates  an  approaching  storm. 

4.  FUNCTION. — This  is  one  of  the  organs  given  to  man  for 
Belf-preservation.     It  imparts  the  energy  and  executiveness 
necessary  to  enable  us  to  overcome  obstacles  and  remove  or 


56 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


crush  whatever  is  inimical  to  our  welfare ;  to  tunnel  mount- 
ains, fell  trees,  blast  out  rocks,  and  face  the  storm.  It  impels 
us  to  destroy  in  order  not  to  be  ourselves  destroyed;  to 
endure  and  to  inflict  pain,'  when  necessary,  as  in  a  surgical 
operation ;  to  kill  the  animals  necessary  for  our  subsistence ; 
and  even  to  take  human  life  in  defense  of  our  own  lives,  our 
liberties,  or  our  country's  safety. 

5.  PERVERSION. — A  delight  in  destruction,  in  giving  pain 


FIG.  56. — BUIXDOG. 


FIG.  57.— DEER. 


in  destruction,  in 

LJ 

for  its  owTn  sake,  in  killing  through  revenge,  * 
malice,  or  a  mere  thirst  for  blood,  are  per- 
versions of  a  beneficent  faculty.  Professor 
Bruggmans,  of  Leyden,  told  Dr.  Spurzheim 
of  a  Dutch  priest  whose  desire  to  kill  and 
see  killed  was  so  great 
that  he  became  chaplain 
of  a  regiment  solely  to 
have  an  opportunity  of 
seeing  men  destroyed  in 
battle. 

6.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EX- 
AMPLES. —  Busts  of  Ca- 
ligula, Nero,  Severus, 
Charles  XII.,  and  Catherine  de  Medicis  present  remarkable 
prominences  in  the  place  of  this  organ.  It  was  large  in  the 
ancient  Roman  head  generally,  but  comparatively  small  in 
the  Greek.  It  is  large  in  the  heads  of  most  savage  nations, 
and  especially  so  in  those  of  the  Caribs.  The  Hindoos  gener- 
ally have  it  small. 

All  deliberate  murderers,  in  common  with  carnivorous  ani- 
mals, such  as  the  lion,  the  tiger,  and  the  wolf,  have  a  large 
development  of  Destructiveness.  Observe  fig.  56  in  contrast 
with  fig.  57.  It  is  also  larger  in  men  than  in  women,  as  indi- 
cated by  the  broader  heads  of  the  former,  and  the  manifesta- 
tions correspond. 

7.  CULTIVATION. — The  killing  of  noxious  animals,  the  extir- 
pation of  weeds,  the  clearing  of  forests,  the  breaking  up  of  the 
land,  hunting,  fishing,  and  so  forth,  help  to  exercise  and 
develop  Destructiveness,  We  may  also  cultivate  a  whole- 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.   57 

«ome  indignation  when  wronged,  fight  against  public  evils, 
and  exercise  our  energy  in  striving  to  remove  or  destroy 
whatever  impedes  our  progress. 

8.  RESTRAINT.  —  To  restrain  Destructiveness,  cultivate 
Benevolence  and  a  mild  and  forgiving  spirit,  avoid  killing 
anything  if  possible,  and  take  but  little  animal  food  and  no 
alcoholic  liquors. 

X.    ALIMENTIVENESS.       (8.) 

For  one  believeth  that  he  may  eat  all  things ;  another,  who  is  weak,  eateth  herba. 

1.  LOCATION. — It  is  situated,  as  may  be  seen  by  reference  to 
our  diagram  (fig.  23),  immediately  in  front  of  the  upper  part 

LAKGB.  SMALL. 


FIG.  58.— ALEXANDER  DTJMAS.*  FIG.  59.— MB. . 

of  the  ear  (8).  In  the  brain,  it  occupies  the  anterioi  convolu- 
tions of  the  middle  lobe,  and  externally  corresponds  with  the 
anterior  part  of  the  temporal  bone.  To  find  it  on  the  living 
head,  take  the  upward  and  forward  junction  of  the  ear  with 
the  head  as  the  starting-point,  and  draw  a  line  half  an  inch 
forward,  inclining  a  little  downward,  and  you  will  be  upon  it. 
It  lies  nearly  parallel  with  the  zygomatic  arch,  which  is  often 
rendered  prominent  by  it,  when  large,  but  the  distance  of  the 
arch  from  the  proper  walls  of  the  skull  is  variable,  and  it 
therefore  furnishes  no  certain  guide.  The  temporal  muscle 
also  opposes  an  obstacle  to  a  correct  judgment  of  its  degree 

*  W§U  known  as  a  very  prolific  French  novelist  of  the  modern  sensational  »ch<X)J. 


58  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

of  development,  but  may  itself  be  taken  as  a  sign  of  character 
in  relation  to  this  propensity,  as  it  is  almost  always  large  in 
connection  with  large  AHmentiveness,  and  its  lower  part  is 
pushed  outward,  making  it  appear  as  if  lying  on  a  pyramidal 
instead  of  a  vertical-sided  cranium. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL   SIGN. — In   addition   to  the   size   and 
strength  of  the  temporal  muscle,  and  the  broadness  of  the 
head  on  and  above  the  zygomatic  arch  already  alluded  to, 
we  find  accompanying  large  AHmentiveness  a  greater  or  less 
enlargement  of  the  lower  part  of  the  cheeks,  as  shown  in  fig. 
58,  sometimes,  when  excessive,  resulting  in  an  overlapping 
of  flabby  integument,  which  gives  a  gross  animal  look  to  the 
face.     Fig.  59  showrs  these  signs  small. 

3.  FUNCTION. — The  function  of  this  propensity  is  to  prompt 
us  to  select  food  and  to  take  nourishment.     Its  action  creates 
the  sensations  of  hunger  and  thirst,  and  when  unperverted, 
and  the  stomach  in  a  healthy  condition,  furnishes  a  sure  guide 
as  to  the  quality  and  quantity  of  food  necessary  for  the  pur- 
poses of  nutrition  and  health. 

4.. PERVERSION. — Perverted  AHmentiveness  leads  to  glut- 
tony and  drunkenness,  to  the  use  of  condiments,  coffee,  tea, 
tobacco,  and  other  unnatural  stimulants,  such  as  opium, 
arsenic,  and  morphine,  and  through  these  to  disease,  suffering, 
and  premature  death. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — To  increase  the  activity  of  this  faculty, 
when  it  is  weak  or  dormant,  one  should  make  his  table  and  its 
belongings  as  attractive  as  possible,  provide   the  best  and 
most  finely  flavored  dishes  his  means  will  permit,  and  then 
sit  down  with  the  determination  to  erjoy  the  meal  as  much 
as  possible.     If  the  inactivity  of  AHmentiveness  result  from 
disease  of  any  kind,  its  restoration  will  come  with  that  of 
health.     The  latter  requires  the  first  attention. 

6.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  this  propensity  is  difficult,  and 
requires  the  exercise  of  the  higher  organs,  whose  action  has  a 
tendency  to  hold  the  appetites  in  check.     In  addition  to  this, 
the  temptations  of  sumptuous  tables  and  rich,  highly  season- 
ed food  should  be  avoided.     You  should  "  eat  to  live,  rather 
than  live  to  eat," 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS. 


59 


XI.    KIBATIVENESS.        (F.) 

Look  not  on  the  wine  when  it  is  red.  At  the  last  it  biteth  like  a  serpent,  and 
•tingeth  like  an  adder. 

1.  LOCATION. — This  organ  is  situated  in  front  of  Aliment- 
iveness.    It  is  not  marked  on  our  diagrams.     (See  fig.  60.) 

2.  FUNCTION. — It  gives  a  fondness  for  liquids;  a  love  of 
water,  and  a  desire  to 

drink,  bathe,  swim,  etc. 

3.  PERVERSION. — In 
its  perverted  action,  it 
leads  to  excessive  drink- 
ing,    unquenchable 
thirst,  and  drunkenness.  ^ 

4.  CULTIVATION. — The  ^ 
practice  of  bathing, 
swimming,  boating, 
and  the  moderate  drink- 
ing of  pure  water  will 
tend  to  increase  the 
action  of  this  faculty. 

5.  RESTRAINT.  — To 
restrain  a  too  strong 
appetite  for  drink,  abstain  wholly  from  all  beverages  except 
water,  and  cultivate  the  higher  faculties ;  a  love  for  literature, 
art,  and  nature,  or  whatever  else  has  a  refining  and  elevating 
tendency;  and  especially  seek  the  help  from  above  which  comes 
only  through  the  awakened  and  sanctified  moral  sentiments. 

XII.    ACQUISITIVENESS.        (9.) 

If  any  provide  not  for  his  own,  and  especially  for  those  of  his  own  household,  he  hath 
denied  the  faith,  and  is  worse  than  an  infidel. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Acquisitiveness  is  situated  on 
the  side  of  the  head  next  above  Alimentiveness  (9,  fig.  23). 
To  find  it  on  the  living  head,  take  the  middle  of  the  top  of 
the  ear  as  a  starting-point,  and  move  the  finger  directly 
upward  one  inch,  and  then  horizontally  forward  the  same 


o 

FIG.  60.— WILLIAM  COBBETT.* 


*  An  English  writer  and  politician  who  spent  a  portion  of  his  life  in  America,  au<J 
Wa.s  noteti  for  his  controversial  tastes  and  abilities, 


60 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


distance,  and  it  will  rest  upon  the  place  of  the  organ.  On  the 
skull,  Acquisitiveness  corresponds  with  the  anterior  inferior 
angle  of  the  parietal  bone.  Figs.  63  and  64  show  how  its 


FIG.  61.— GEOKGE  PEABODY.* 


FIG.  62.— J.  D.  B.  DE  Bow.t 


development  affects  the  form  of  the  head  as  seen  in  front, 
giving  greater  width,  when  large,  to  this  portion  of  the  brain. 
2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — Persons  noted  for  their  love  of 
gain  and  ability  to  acquire  property 
are  observed  to  have,  as  a  general 
rule,  massive  noses,  and  it  is  believed 
that  thickness  of  the  nose  above  the 
wing  (fig.  65,  a)  is  the  true  facial  sign 
FIG.  63.  of  Acquisitiveness.  The  sign  is  promi- 
nent in  likenesses  of  the  Rothschilds,  Billy  Gray,  John  Jacob 
Astor,  and  in  the  living  faces  of  the  men  of  our  day  who  have 
made  or  are  making  fortunes.  The  noses  of  the  Jews  are 

*  Mr.  Peabody,  the  American  banker,  is  as  well  known  for  his  princely  munificence 
as  for  his  immense  wealth. 

t  The  late  Mr.  De  Bow,  best  known  as  the  editor  of  De  Bow's  Beview,  was  a  good 
commercial  and  statistical  writer,  and  had  great  talent  for  business,  but  never  accumu- 
lated, money, 


FIG.  64. 


THE    ORGANS   AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.       61 

generally  thick  as  well  as  arched,  and  the  arched  or  hawk 
nose  lias,  not  inaptly,  been  called  the  Commercial  Nose ; 
though  it  is  not  in  the  form  of  the  profile,  as  some  have 
asserted,  but  in  the  thickness  of  the  trunk,  which  almost 
invariably  accompanies  it,  that  the  sign  of  the 
trading  or  money-getting  propensity  resides. 

3.  FUNCTION. — Acquisitiveness    prompts    to 
acquire,  to  accumulate,  to  store  our  surplus,  to 
make  provision  for  the  future.     It  incites  the 
farmer,  the   mechanic,    the   manufacturer,   the 
merchant,  and  the  professional  man  to  diligence 
in  their  respective  callings,  and  is  one  of  the 
sources  of  the  comforts  and  elegances  of  life. 
Its  regular  activity  distinguishes  civilized  man 
from  the  savage.     The  latter  is,  in  general,  con- 
tent with  the  satisfying  of  his  present  wants, 
while  the  former  looks  thoughfully  forward  to        pia 
the  possible  necessities  of  the  future.     Consum- 
ing but  a  portion   of  what  he   earns,   the  industrious   and 
prudent  citizen  contributes  to  the  national  wealth,  and  leaves 
something   behind  him  for   the    benefit    of  posterity.      The 
objects  of  Acquisitiveness  may  be  various — in  one,  money  or 
lands ;  in  another,  books  or  works  of  art ;  in  a  third,  old  coins 
and  other  objects  of  antiquity,  the  propensity  taking  its  direc- 
tion from  other  faculties  with  which  it  is  combined. 

4.  PERVERSION. — Excessively   developed,   Acquisitiveness 
engenders    a   miserly,    grasping   penuriousness,    and   an    all- 
absorbing  love  of  .gain  for  its  own  sake;  and  when  not  con- 
trolled by  the  moral  sentiments,  results  in  theft  and  other 
dishonest  means  of  acquiring  the  coveted  lucre. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — When  the  organ  is  small,  and  there  is 
too  little  economy,  and  a  tendency  to  lavish  and   careless 
expenditure,  some  plan,  devised  by  the  intellect,  must  be  put 
into  operation  to  compel,  as  it  were,  a  more  prudent  and 
saving   course.      Keeping   a  strict  account  of  expenditures, 
and  especially  personal  expenses,  and  looking  over  and  bal- 
ancing cash  accounts  frequently,  will  serve  to  remind  one  how 
the  money  goes  and  wherein  much  of  it  might  readily  be 


62  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

saved.  Making  up  one's  mind  to  get  rich,  if  there  be  a  strong 
will  to  back  the  resolution,  sometimes  arouses  Acquisitiveness, 
and  finally  greatly  increases  its  power. 

6.  RESTRAINT. — The  only  way  to  restrain  this  or  other 
powerful  propensities,  is  by  cultivating  the  higher  faculties 
and  sentiments,  and  bringing  their  influence  to  bear  upon 
them,  thus  keeping  them  in  due  subjection.  Benevolence, 
Conscientiousness,  Ideality,  and  the  reflective  faculties  tend 
to  counteract  a  miserly  tendency  or  a  too  great  love  of  money. 

XIII.    SECKETIVENESS.       (10.) 

He  that  keepeth  his  mouth,  keepeth  his  life ;  but  he  that  openeth  wide  his  lips  shall 
have  destruction. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  this  propensity  is  situated  at 
the  inferior  edge  of  the  parietal  bone  (10,  fig.  23),  immedi- 
ately above  Destructiveness,  or  in  the  middle  of  the  lateral 


FIG.  66.— F.  D.  HUNTING-TON,  D.D.*  FIG.  67.— J.  C.  SMITH,  D.D.t 

portion  of  the  brain.  When  this  organ  and  Destructiveness 
are  both  highly  developed,  there  is  a  general  fullness  of  the 
lower  and  middle  portion  of  the  side-head,  as  in  the  outline, 
fig.  C8.  Fig.  69  shows  it  small. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — The  breadth  of  the  wings  of 

*  Francis  D.  Huntington,  D.D.,  formerly  of  Boston,  well  known  both  as  an  authoi 
and  as  a  preacher,  is  Bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  Maine. 

t  Dr.  John  Cotton  Smith  is  an  eminent  leading  Protestant  Episcopal  clergyman  of 
New  York, 


THE    ORGANS   AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.       63 


the  nose  next  to  the  face  indicates  Secretiveness.  This  is  in 
accordance  with  the  physiological  action  of  this  faculty, 
which  tends  to  shut  the  mouth  and  expand 
the  nostrils.  This 
sign  is  large  in  the 
Negro,  the  Chi- 
nese, the  North 
American  Indian, 
and  in  most  savage 
and  half-civilized 
tribes. 

3.  NATURAL  LAN- 
GUAGE. —  Persons 
have    Secre- 


FIG.  68.— SECRETIVENESS  LARGE. 


who 


FIG.  G9.— CLARA  FISHER. 


tiveness  large, 
manifest  its  natural  language  in  various  way* — buttoning  up 
the  coat  to  the  chin,  wearing  a  high,  tight  cravat ;  or,  if  a 
woman,  a  dress  fitting 
high  up  on  the  neck. 
Those  who  possess  little 
Secretiveness  wear  their 
clothes  more  loose  and 
open.  This  propensity, 
when  predominantly  ac- 
tive, produces  a  close, 
sly  look,  admirably  ex- 
emplified in  our  likeness 
of  Constance  Emily 
Kent,  the  murderess ; 
the  eye  rolls  from  side 
to  side;  the  voice  is 
low;  the  shoulders  are 
drawn  up  toward  the 
ears,  and  the  footstep 
is  soft  and  gliding.  The  movements  of  the  body  are  toward 
the  side.  Sir  Walter  Scott  aocurately  describes  the  look 


FIG.  70.— CONSTANCE  EMILY  KENT.* 


4  An  English  murderess,  who  showed  a  great  deal  of  cunning. 


64  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

produced  by  this  faculty  and  Cautiousness  in  the  following 
lines : 

"For  evil  seemed  that  old  man's  eye, 
Dark  and  designing,  fierce  yet  shy. 
Still  he  avoided  forward  look, 
But  slow  and  circumspectly  took 
A  circling,  never-ceasing  glance, 
By  doubt  and  cunning  marked  at  once, 
Which  shot  a  mischief -boding  ray 
From  under  eyebrows  shagged  and  gray." 

4.  FUNCTION. — The  Good  Book  says :  "  A  fool  uttereth  all 
his  mind,  but   a  wise  man  keepeth  it  till  afterward."     The 
fool  thus  characterized  has  no  Secretiveness. 

This  faculty  gives  the  wise  man  his  prudence — restrains 
expression  till  "  afterward" — till  a  suitable  occasion.  It 
imparts,  in  fact,  an  instinctive  tendency  to  conceal,  and  the 
legitimate  object  of  it  is  to  restrain  the  outward  expression 
of  our  thoughts  and  emotions,  giving  the  understanding  time 
to  pronounce  judgment  on  its  propriety.  Some  instinctive 
tendency  to  restrain  within  the  mind  itself — to  conceal,  as  it 
were,  from  the  public  eye — the  various  emotions  and  ideas 
which  involuntarily  present  themselves,  was  necessary  to  pre- 
vent their  outward  expression ;  and  nature  has  provided  this 
power  in  the  faculty  of  Secretiveness.  Those  in  whom  it  is 
deficient  are  characterized  by  a  lack  of  tact,  great  bluntness 
of  manner,  and  an  instantaneous  expression  of  every  thought 
and  feeling ;  and  they  seldom  suspect  any  hidden  purpose  in 
another.  Othello  is  described  by  lago  as  such  a  person.  He 
says: 

"  The  Moor  is  of  a  free  and  open  nature, 
That  thinks  men  honest  that  but  seem  to  be  so ; 
And  will  as  tenderly  be  led  by  the  nose 
As  asses  are  1" 

5.  CULTIVATION. — Where  the  instinct  of  concealment  is  not 
sufficiently  developed,  the  intellect  shou'd,  so  far  as  possibler 
supply  the  necessary  policy.     There  must  also  be  a  constant 
effort  to  suppress  injudicious  out-gushings  of  feeling.    Impulse 
must  be  kept  in  check  by  Cautiousness  and  reason.     Every- 
body is  not  to  be  trusted. 

6.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  the  too  influential  action  of  this 
faculty,  a  more  frank,  open,  and  straightforward  manner  should 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.   65 

be  cultivated,  and  constant  effort  be  made  to  give  hearty 
expression  to  thought  and  feeling. 


XIV.    CAUTIOUSNESS.       (11.) 
A  prudent  man  foresee th  the  evil,  and  hideth  himself. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  place  of  the  organ  of  Cautiousness  is  on 
the  upper,  lateral,  and  posterior  part  of  the  head,  and  near 

LARGE.  MODERATE. 


FIG.  71.— JOHN  BOWLING,  D.D.* 


FIG.  72.— REV.  J.  G.  BARTHOLOMEW.! 


the  middle  of  the  parietal  bone  (11,  fig.  23).  When  large, 
the  head  is  very  broad  at  that  point,  as  in  figs.  71  and  73, 
while  a  deficiency  gives  quite  another  shape  to  the  skull,  as 
in  figs.  72  and  74.  To  find  Cautiousness  on  the  living  head> 
take  the  back  part  of  the  ear  as 
the  starting-point  and  draw  a 
perpendicular  line  upward,  and 
where  the  head  begins  to  round 
off  to  form  the  top  is  the  location 
of  the  organ. 

2.  NATURAL  LANGUAGE. — The 
action  of  this  faculty  raises  the  head  and  body  and  gives  the 
former  a  rotary  motion,  as  in  looking  on  all  sides,  whence  the 

*  Dr.  Dowlmg,  an  Englishman  by  birth,  is  pastor  of  a  Baptist  Church  m  New  York, 
and  author  of  a  work  on  the  Christian  Martyrs. 

t  A  Universalist  preacher  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  of  marked  talent,  and  much  respected 
and  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 


Fi».  73. 


FIG.  74. 


66  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER 

French  name  given  to  the  faculty  by  Spurzheini — Circonspec' 
tio?i,  to  look  around  one's  self. 

3.  FUNCTION. — It  is  the  function  of  Cautiousness  to  give 
prudence,   watchfulness,   carefulness,    and    provision    against 
danger.     It  is  one  of  the  restraining  powers  of  the  mind,  and 
prevents  the  propelling  forces  of  our  nature  from  phinging  us 
into  difficulty  and  danger.     Persons  having  it  well  developed 
are  habitually  on  their  guard ;  they  know  that  it  is  more  diffi- 
cult to  sustain  than  to  acquire  reputation,  and,  consequently, 
every  new  undertaking  is  prosecuted  as  carefully  as  the  first. 
They  look  forward  to  all  possible  dangers,  and  are  anxious  to 
anticipate  every  occurrence ;  they  ask  advice  of  every  one, 
and  often,  after  having  received  much  counsel,  remain  imde- 
cided.     They  put  great  faith  in  the  observation,  that  of  a 
hundred  misfortunes  which  befall  us,  ninety-nine  arise  from 
our  own  fault.     Such  persons  never  break  any  article ;  they 
may  pass  their  lives  in  pruning  trees,  or  in  working  with 
sharp  tools,  without  cutting  themselves. 

4.  EXCESS   AND   PERVERSION. — When   the  faculty   is   toe 
largely  developed,  with  moderate  Hope,  it  produces  doubts, 
irresolution,   and   wavering,   and   may  lead   to  absolute   in* 
capacity  for  any  decisive  and  vigorous  action.     A  great  and 
involuntary  activity  of  it  produces  panic — a  state  in  which 
the  mind  is  hurried  away  by  an  irresistible  emotion  of  fear, 
for  which  no  adequate  cause  exists. 

5.  ILLUSTRATIVE   EXAMPLES. — In   armies    and   other  large 
bodies  of  men,  a  panic  becomes  contagious,  and  results  in  the 
abandonment   of  everything  else  in   obedience   to  the   one 
absorbing  instinct  of  self-preservation.     A  large  development 
of  this  organ,  combined  with  large  Destructiveness,  predis- 
poses to  suicide.     Dr,  Andrew  Combe  examined  a  number  of 
suicides  in  the  Morgue  (dead-house)  of  Paris,  and  found  in 
them  Hope  generally  small,  with  Cautiousness  and  Destruc- 
tiveness large.    Cautiousness  is  larger  in  the  Germans,  English, 
and  Scotch  than  in  the  Celtic  French  or  Irish. 

6.  CULTIVATION. — By  an  intellectual  effort,  one  may  arouse 
Cautiousness  into  activity  nul  promote  its  development.    The 
disastrous  results  of  indiscretion,  carelessness,  rashness,  and 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS. 

recklessness  should  be  kept  before   the  mind,  and    a 
prudent  and  watchful  policy  resolved  upon.     Causality  and 
Firmness  should  be  called  to  the  aid  of  weak  Cautiousness. 

V.  RESTRAINT. — Causality  and  Firmness  should  be  brought 
into  action  to  restrain  as  well  as  to  encourage  this  faculty. 
Reason  should  tell  us  that  excessive  or  over-active  Cautious- 
ness inclines  us  to  magnify  dangers,  and  to  be  irresolute  and 
over-anxious,  and  we  should  therefore  try  to  adopt  a  more 
bold  and  decided  course  of  action  than  mere  feeling  would 
suggest.  Cornbativeness  and  Destructiveness  may  also  be 
made  to  partially  offset  this  faculty,  and  promote  a  more 
daring  spirit. 

XV.    APPROBATIVENESS.       (12.) 
Do  good,  and  thou  shall  have  praise. 

1.  LOCATION. — Approbativeness  is  located  on  the  upper 
and  back  part  of  the  top  side-head,  at  the  point  marked  12  in 


HODEBATE. 


FIG.  75— R.  HANKS,  D.D.*  FIG.  76.— JOHN  P.  DURBIN,  D.D.t 

the  diagram  (fig.  23).  When  large,  it  produces  a  remarkable 
fullness  and  breadth  in  the  upper  and  back  part  of  the  head. 
On  the  skull,  it  commences  about  half  an  inch  from  the  lamb- 
doidal  suture. 

*  B.\  Hanks  is  an  impressive  and  eloquent  preacher  of  the  Protestant  Methodist 
denomination. 

t  Dr.  Durbin  is  one  of  the  most  powemu  and  controlling  leaders  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  denomination  in  the  United  States. 


68  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — Approbativeness  manifests  itself 
in  the  face  by  the  lifting  of  the  upper  lip,  sometimes  exposing 
the  teeth,  as  shown  in  fig.  77.  It  is  generally  largely  de- 
veloped in  the  French,  the  Irish,  and  especially  in  the  Negro. 
The  latter  is  no  less  remarkable  for  his  love  of  praise  than  for 
showing  his  teeth. 

3.  FUNCTION. — This  faculty  gives  regard  for 
character,  desire  to  excel  and  be  esteemed,  love 
of  praise,  ambition,  affability,  and  politeness. 
Mr.  Combe  calls  it  "  the  drill  master  of  society;" 
and  in  this  capacity  it  leads  to  acts  of  moral 
tendency,  as  our  ill  feelings  and  selfishness  are 
restrained  to  please  others;  but  it  does  not 
FIG.  77.  decide  what  actions  are  praiseworthy  and  what 
are  not,  but  merely  judges  these  actions  in  reference  to  some 
conventional  standard  set  up  by  custom  or  by  the  dictates  of 
the  other  faculties,  and  praises  or  blames  accordingly  as  they 
do  or  do  not  conform  to  this  standard. 

4.  PERVERSION. — No  faculty  is   more   prone   to  run  into 
excess  than  Approbativeness.     It  leads  to  self-praise,  vanity, 
and  egotism.     The  diversified  forms  in  which   its   activity 
appears  are  well  exposed  in  Young's  "  Love  of  Fame." 

t 

"  The  love  of  praise  howe'er  conceal' d  by  art, 
Reigns,  more  or  less,  and  slows  in  every  heart : 
The  proud  to  gain  it,  toils  on  toils  endure ; 
The  modest  shun  it,  but  to  make  it  sure. 
O'er  globes  and  scepters,  now  on  thrones  it  swells, 
Now  trims  the  midnight  lamp  in  college  cells ; 
1Tis  Tory,  Whig ;  it  plots,  prays,  preaches,  pleads, 
Harangues  in  senates,  squeaks  in  masquerades; 
It  aids  the  dancer's  heel,  the  writer's  head, 
And  heaps  the  plain  with  mountains  of  the  dead ; 
Nor  ends  with  life,  but  nods  in  sable  plumes, 
Adorns  our  hearse,  and  flatters  on  our  tombs." 

5.  ILLUSTRATVE  EXAMPLES. — The  French  are  remarkable 
for  a  large  development  of  this  organ,  while  the  English  are 
more  noted  for  Self-Esteem.     The  influence  of  Approbative- 
ness shows  itself  in  the  manners,  institutions,  and  daily  litera- 
ture of  France  in    an   extraordinary  degree.     Compliments 
and  praises  are  the  current  coin  of  conversation,  and  glory 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR    FUNCTIONS.        69 

the  condiment  of  the  fenst  of  life.     Americans  also  generallj 
have  the  faculty  largely  developed. 

Approbativeness  is  generally  more  active  in  woman  than  in 
man,  shown  in  her  greater  love  for  display,  fashions,  etc.,  and 
it  has  been  observed  that  a  greater  number  of  women  than 
of  men  become  insane  through  excess  of  this  feeling. 

6.  CULTIVATION. — One  who  finds  himself  too  careless  of 
reputation  arid  of  the  opinions  of  his  fellow-men,  should  strive 
intellectually  to  arrive  at  a  true  estimate  of  the  real  value  of 
public  opinion,  and  of  the  importance  of  one's  character  and 
standing  among  men.     The  cultivation  of  manners  and  the 
strict  observance  of  the  etiquette  of  social  intercourse  wrill 
help  to  develop  the  organ  of  Approbativeness. 

7.  RESTRAINT. — To   restrain   Approbativeness,    one   must 
cultivate  Self-Esteem  and  Conscientiousness,  and,  doing  what 
is  right,  try  to  not  care  too  much  what  people  say  about  it. 
Have  less  fear  of  "  Mrs.  Grundy."     Too  great  sensitiveness 
to  praise  and  blame  must  be  overcome  by  allowing  reason  to 
show  how  little  either  is  generally  worth,  and  by  recalling  to 
mind  how  often  the  feelings  have  been  hurt  in  the  past,  when, 
as  has  been  afterward  seen,  there  was  no  real  cause. 

XVI.    SELF-ESTEEM.       (13.) 
What  ye  know,  the  same  do  I  know  also  ;  I  am  not  inferior  unto  you. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Self-Esteem  is  situated  at  the 
back  part  of  the  top-head  (13,  fig.  23),  where  the  ooronal  sur- 
face begins   to  decline   toward  the  back-head,  and  a  little 
above  the  posterior  angle  of  the  parietal  bones.     When  it  is 
large,  the  head  rises  far  upward  and  backward  from  the  ear 
in  the  direction  of  it,  as  in  fig.  78.     Fig.  79  shows  the  form  of 
the  head  when  Self- Esteem  is  small. 

2.  NATURAL  LANGUAGE. — The  action  of  this  faculty  throws 
the  head  back  in  the  direction  of  its  phrenological  organ,  as 
shown  in  fig.  81,  and  gives  a  dignified  and  upright  carriage 
'to   the  body.     Fig.    80   shows   the   attitude   induced   by   a 
deficiency  of  the  faculty. 

3.  FUNCTION. — The  function  of  Self-Esteen  is  to  inspire  self- 


70 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


respect,    self-reliance,   independence,    dignity,    magnanimity, 
pride   of  character,  and  an  aspiring  and  ruling  disposition. 


MODERATE. 


FIG.  78.— GEN.  E.  KIBBY  SMITH.* 


FIG.  79.— GEN.  RosECRANs.t 

Its  due  endowment  produces  only  excellent  results,  and  we 
find  that  in  society,  that  individual  is  uniformly  treated  with 
most  lasting  and  sincere  respect  who  esteems  himself  so 


FIG.  80.— DEFERENCE. 


FIG.  81.— DIGNITY. 


highly  as  to  scorn  every  mean  action.     By  communicating  a 
feeling  of  self-respect,  it  frequently  and  effectually  aids  the 


*  A  noted  "  Confederate"  officer  in  the  American  Civil  War. 

t  Distinguished  in  the  army  of  the  Union  in  the  American  Civil  War. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR    FUNCTIONS.        71 


FIG.  82.— PRIDE. 


moral  sentiments  in  resisting  temptation  to  vice.  Several 
individuals  in  whom  the  organ  is  large,  have  stated  to  us  that 
they  have  been  restrained  from  forming  improper  connections 
by  an  overwhelming  sense  of  the  degradation  which  would 
result  from  doing  so ;  and  that  they  believed  their  better 
principles  might  have  yielded  to  temptation  had  it  not  been 
for  the  support  afforded  to  them  by 
the  instinctive  impulses  of  Self- 
Esteem." 

4.  PERVERSION. — Perverted   Self- 
Esteem  manifests  itself  in  insupport- 
able    pride,     hauteur,    forwardness, 
superciliousness,  imperiousness,   and 
an  insatiable  love  of  power. 

5.  DEFICIENCY. — A  predisposition 
to  excessive  humility  and  a  painful 
lack  of  self-confidence  are  the  results 
of  deficient  Self-Esteem.     A  person 
thus  constituted  has  no  reliance  upon 

himself'  if  the  public  or  his  superiors  frown,  he  is  unable  to 
pursue  even  a  virtuous  course,  through  diffidence  of  his  own 
judgment.  Inferior  talents,  combined  with  a  strong  endow- 
ment of  Self-Esteem,  are  often  crowned  with  far  higher  suc- 
cess than  more  splendid  abilities  joined  with  this  sentiment  in 
a  feebler  degree. 

6.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLE. — At  Heidelrbers:  Dr.  Gall  saw  a 

O 

girl  of  eighteen,  of  a  remarkable  character.  Every  word  or 
gesture  in  the  least  familiar  revolted  her.  She  called  on  God 
on  every  occasion,  as  if  he  took  a  special  interest  in  her  affairs. 
When  she  spoke,  assurance  and  presumption  were  painted  in 
her  features ;  she  carried  her  head  high,  and  a  little  backward, 
and  all  the  movements  of  her  head  expressed  pride.  She  was 
not  capable  of  submission;  when  in  a  passion,  she  was  violent, 
and  disposed  to  proceed  to  all  extremities.  Although  only 
the  daughter  of  a  quill  merchant,  she  spoke  her  native  lan- 
guage with  extraordinary  purity,  and  communicated  writh 
none  but  persons  of  a  rank  superior  to  her  own. 

7.  CULTIVATION. — By  assuming  the  attitude  of  Self-Ksteem 


72  HOW    TO    READ     CHARACTER. 

and  trying  to  imbibe  its  spirit  at  the  same  time,  the  faculty 
may  be  strengthened  and  its  activity  promoted.  The  too 
low  self-valuation  which  arises  from  a  deficient  development 
of  this  faculty,  should  be  corrected  by  bringing  prominently 
into  view  the  best  traits  of  one's  character  and  reflecting  on 
the  exalted  nature  of  those  endowments.  "I  am  a  man," 
Black  Hawk  said  to  Jackson.  "  I  am  a  man,"  or  "  I  am  a 
woman,"  should  be  the  proud  assertion  of  the  too  modest 
reader,  who  must  learn  to  hold  up  the  head  in  all  company. 
A  correct  phrenological  delineation  of  character  will  do  more 
than  anything  else  to  correct  false,  and  especially  too  low 
estimates  of  character. 

8.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  forwardness,  pride,  excessive 
self-confidence,  and  an  overbearing,  domineering  spirit,  culti- 
vate the  moral  sentiments,  and  especially  Veneration,  seeking 
in  religion  that  grace  which  maketh  humble  like  a  little  child. 
Correct  too  high  estimates  of  yourself  by  the  exercise  of 
reason  and  the  help  of  Phrenology. 

XVII.    FIRMNESS.       (14.) 

Be  ye  steadfast,  immovable ;  always  abounding  in  the  work  of  the  Lord. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  this  faculty  is  situated  at  the 
back  part  of  the  coronal  region  (14,  fig.  23),  on  the  median 
line,  and  between  Veneration  and  Self  Esteem.     Figs.  85  and 
86  show  how  its  degree  of  development  affects  the  form  of 
the  skull. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGNS. — The  facial  sign  of  Firmness, 
corresponding  with  the  situation  of  its  phrenological  organ,  is 
the  perpendicular  straightness  or  convexity  and  stiffness  of 
the  center  of  the  upper  lip  (fig.  87).     To  tell  a  man  to  "keep 
a  stiff  upper  lip"  is  equivalent  to  telling  him  to  be  firm — to 
hold  his  ground.     This  faculty  has  also  one  of  its  most  strik- 
ing indications   in   the   size   and    strength   of   the   cervical 
vertebrae,  or  bones  of  the  neck,  and  in  the  perpendicularity 
of  the  neck  itself. 

3.  NATURAL  LANGUAGE. — The  action  of  Firmness  throws 
the  head,  face,  and  neck  into  the  line  of  the  phrenological 


THE  OKGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.   73 


organ   of  the   faculty.     When   it   predominates,  it  gives  a 
peculiar  hardness  to  the  manner  and  stiffness  and  uprightnefis 


MODERATE. 


FIG.  83.— F.  W.  HEDGE,  D.D.* 


FIG.  84.— W.  H.  ETDEK,  D.D.t 


to  the  gait  (the  foot  being  brought  down  heavily  on  the  heel), 
and  an  emphatic  tone  to  the  voice. 

4.  FUNCTION. — Firmness  imparts  stability  of  character, 
tenacity  of  will,  perseverance,  and  an  aversion  to  change.  It 
seems  to  have  no  relation  to  external  things,  its  influence 
terminating  on  the  mind  itself,  and  it  adds  only  a  quality  to 
the  manifestations  of  the  other  powers:  thus,  acting  along 


FIG.  85.— LAKGE.  FIG.  86.--SMALL. 

with  Combativeness,  it  produces  determined  bravery ;  with 
Veneration,  sustained  devotion ;  and  with  Conscientiousness, 

*  A  Unitarian  preacher  and  an  author  of  reputation.  His  scholarship  is  of  the  high- 
est order.  Noted  for  determination  and  strength  of  will. 

t  A  Universalist  minister  of  high  culture,  fervid  eloquence,  and  great  kindness  of 
heart. 


74  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

inflexible  integrity.  It  gives  perseverance,  however,  in  acting 
only  on  the  other  faculties  which  are  possessed  in  an  available 
degree. 

5.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — Firmness  is  much  larger  in 
some  nations  than   in  others.      The  English   have  it  much 
more  fully  developed  than  the  French.     The  latter,  under 
the  influence  of  large  Combativeness  and  moderate  Cautious- 
ness, make  lively  and  impetuous  charges,  shouting 
and  cheering  as  they  advance;  but  if  repulsed  or 
steadily  resisted,  their  ardor  abates,  they  become 
discouraged,  and  any  serious  reverse  is  apt  to 
become  a  total  defeat ;  while  the  English,  on  the 
other  hand,  are  less  impetuous  and  dashing,  but 
hold  steadily  to  their  purpose,  and  if  repulsed, 
return  undiscouraged  to  the  charge,  or,  if  com- 
pelled   to    fall    back,   obstinately    dispute    the 
enemy's  advance  step  by  step.     -Americans  of 

the  Northern  States  resemble  the  English  in  this  respect, 
though  they  unite  with  this  persevering  steadfastness  some 
of  the  impetuosity  of  the  French.  The  men  of  the  South 
have  less  Firmness  and  show  less  persistency ;  acting  more 
under  the  influence  of  Self-Esteem  and  Approbativeness,  they 
fight  for  glory,  and  refuse  to  yield  through  pride  rather  than 
from  genuine  steadfastness. 

6.  CULTIVATION. — Firmness  may  be  developed  by  a  well- 
considered  and  wise  assumption  of  positions  which  are  clearly 
important  to  be  held.     The  faculty  is  then  stimulated  by 
Conscientiousness,  Self-Esteem,   and  Approbativeness.     One 
must  constantly  remember  his  weakness  in  this  matter,  and 
strive  to  have  a  mind  of  his  own,  and  to  overcome  difficulties 
instead  of  turning  as.de  to  avoid  them. 

7.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  Firmness,  we  must  subject  it  to 
the  influence  of  reason  and  the  moral  sentiments.     Listen,  at 
least,  to  advice,  and  if  good  try  to  profit  by  it.     The  needless 
losses  and  humiliations  to  which  obstinacy  and  an  unreason- 
able persistence  in  a  line  of  conduct  proved  to  be  wrong  or 
impracticable  has  subjected  us,  should  be  constantly  recalled 
to  mind  when  we  are  tempted  to  be  willful  or  stubborn. 


THK  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.   T5 

XYIII.    CONSCIENTIOUSNESS.       (15.) 

Till  I  die  I  will  not  remove  mine  integrity  from  me.    My  righteousness  I  hold  fast, 
and  will  not  let  it  go. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Conscientiousness  is  situated 
on  the  posterior  and  lateral  parts  of  the  coronal  region  (at  the 
point  marked  15  in  fig.  23),  upward  from  the  fore  part  of 


FIG.  88.— THE  GOOD  BOY. 


FIG.  89.— THE  BAD  BOY. 


Cautiousness  and  forward  from  Approbativeness.  On  the 
skull,  its  place  is  on  the  upper  and  forward  part  of  the  parietal 
bone,  about  three  inches  above  the  opening  of  the  ear,  and 
about  one  and  a  half  inches  from  the  middle  line  of  the  head. 
When  large,  with  deficient  Firmness,  it  gives  the  head  the 
shape  shown  in  fig.  90.  Fig.  91  represents  it  small. 

2.  FUNCTION. — Conscientiousness  imparts  a  perception  and 
love  of  right,  an  innate  sense  of  accountability,  and  a  dis- 
position to  fulfill  promises, 
speak  the  truth,  and  strive  for 
purity  and  moral  excellence. 
A  sense  of  guilt,  repentance, 
and  desire  to  reform  also  arise 
from  its  action.  It  is  a  regu- 
lator of  all  the  other  faculties. 
If  Combativeness  and  Destruc- 
tiveness  be  too  active,  Conscientiousness  prescribes  a  limit 
to  their  indulgence ;  it  permits  defense,  but  no  malicious  ag- 
gression ;  if  Acquisitiveness  urge  too  keenly,  it  reminds  us  of 


FIG.  90. 


FIG.  91. 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTEK. 

the  rights  of  others ;  if  Benevolence  tend  to^v  ^rd  profusion, 
tliis  faculty  issues  the  admonition,  Be  just  before  you  are 
generous ;  if  Ideality  aspire  to  its  high  delights,  when  duty 
requires  laborious  exertions  in  an  hurable  sphere,  Conscien- 
tiousness supplies  the  curb,  and  bids  the  soaring  spirit  restrain 
its  wing. 

When  this  faculty  is  powerful,  the  individual  is  disposed 
to  regulate  his  conduct  by  the  nicest  sentiments  of  justice ; 
there  is  an  earnestness,  integrity,  and  directness  in  his  manner 
which  inspire  us  with  confidence  and  give  us  a  conviction  of 
his  sincerity.  Such  an  individual  desires  to  act  justly  from 
the  love  of  justice,  unbiased  by  fear,  interest,  or  any  sinister 
motive. 

3.  DEFICIENCY. — Small  Conscientiousness  leaves  the  pro- 
pensities without  adequate  control.     The  feeling  of  justice 
being  wanting,  the  mind  does  not  furnish  reasons  to  oppose 
to  the  influence  of  the  baser  inclinations.     A  deficiency  of 
Conscientiousness    in    connection    with   large   Secretiveness, 
especially  when  the  latter  is  aided  by  Ideality  and  Wonder, 
produces  a  tendency  to  magnifying  so  strong  in  some  cases 
that  the  unfortunate  victim  of  a  bad  organization  finds  it 
quite  difficult  to  overcome  it. 

4.  ILLUSTRATIVE   EXAMPLES. — The   sentiment  of  truth  is 
found  by  the  English  judges  to  be  so  low  in  the  Africans,  the 
Hindoos,  and  the  aboriginal  Americans,  that  such  individuals 
are  not  received  as  witnesses  in  the  colonial  courts ;  and  it  is 
a  curious  fact,  that  a  defect  in  the  organ  of  Conscientiousness 
is  a  reigning  feature  in*  the  skulls  of  these  nations. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — A  constant  effort  to  keep  a  sense  of  right 
and  wrong  uppermost  in  our  minds  in  all  our  transactions, 
and  to  make  everything  subservient  to  justice  and  moral 
principle,  will  induce  activity  and  development  in  the  organ, 
^nd  make  doing   right  more  and  more  easy  and  pleasant. 
Our  motto  should   be:    "Let  justice   be   done  though   the 
heavens  fall." 

6.  RESTRAINT. — There  is  seldom  great  need  to  restrain  this 
faculty,  but  sometimes  it  makes  one  in  whom  it  is  largely 
developed  and  morbidly  active  censorious,  and  too  exacting 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.   77 

and  fault-finding  in  respect  to  others,  and  liable  to  an  uncalled- 
for  sense  of  guilt  and  imworthiness  in  regard  to  himself. 
These  perverted  manifestations  should  be  met  by  cultivating 
Benevolence,  Self-Esteem,  and  Firmness,  and  by  correcting 
intellectually  the  false  estimates  of  sentiment  and  feeling, 

xix.  HOPE.     (16.) 

Now  the  God  of  hope  fill  you  with  all  joy  and  peace  in  believing,  that  ye  may  abound 
in  hope. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Hope  is  situated  on  the  side 
of  the  top-head  (16,  fig.  23),  on  a  perpendicular  line  drawn 

LARGE.  NOT  SO  LARGE. 


FIG.  92.— BESSIE  INGLIS.*  FIG.  93.— EDWARD  THOMSON,  D.D.t 

upward  from  the  front  part  of  the  ear,  and  between  Marvel- 
ousness  and  Conscientiousness. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — Hope  elevates   the   center  of 
the  eyebrow,  opens  the  eyes  wide,  and  turns  them  upward. 
It   gives   an   open   and    pleasant   expression   to   the   whole 
countenance. 

3.  FUNCTION. — In  persons  with  large  Hope,  "the  wish  is 
father  to  the  thought."     With  large  Approbativeness,  they 
expect  to  rise  to  distinction  ;  with  large  Acquisitiveness,  they 
think  they  shall  become  rich,     "The  sentiment  of  Hope,'1 

*  An  English  authoress  and  a  very  popular  public  reader. 

t  A  Bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  eminent  as  a  writer  and  a  preacher- 


78  HOW    TO    BEAD    CHARACTER. 

Spurzheim  truly  says,  "  is  indeed  necessary  to  the  happiness 
of  mankind  in  almost  every  situation.  It  often  produces 
more  satisfaction  than  even  the  success  of  our  projects.  Its 
activity,  however,  varies  greatly  in  different  individuals ; 
while  some  easily  despair,  others  are  always  elated  and  find 
'everything  for  the  best;  constant  hope  sustains  them  in  the 
midst  of  difficulties ;  the  first  plan  for  accomplishing  any 
object  having  failed,  only  stimulates  them  to  form  new  ones, 
which  they  confidently  expect  will  succeed.  Those  who  are 
everlastingly  scheming,  or  building  castles  in  the  air,  possess 
this  faculty  in  a  high  degree.  It  seems  to  induce  a  belief  in 
the  possibility  of  whatever  the  other  faculties  desire,  without 
producing  conviction  ;  for  this  results  from  reflection." 

This  sentiment  is  not  confined  to  the  business  of  this  life, 
but,  passing  the  limits  of  the  present  existence,  inspires  ex- 
pectations of  a  future  state,  and  a  belief,  hope,  and  trust  in 
the  immortality  of  the  soul. 

4.  EXCESS  AND  DEFICIENCY. — Hope,  like  any  other  faculty, 
may  be  too  strong  or  too  weak.    In  the  former  case  it  induces 
us  to  expect  things  which  are  uureasonable,  not  founded  on 
probability,  or  altogether  impossible.     When  too  feeble,  on 
the  contrary,  especially  if  Cautiousness  be  large,  it  is  apt  to 
produce  lowness  of  spirits,  melancholy,  and  even  despair. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — Lively   youthful   society,  and  the  com- 
panionship of  those  who  are  cheerful  and  buoyant,  has  a 
tendency  to  promote  Hope  and  develop  the  organ  in  those 
who  are  naturally  too  easily  discouraged  and  apt  to  look  on 
the  dark  side.     Such  ones  should  remember,  too,  that  "  every 
cloud  has  a  silver  lining,"  and  that  though  "grief  may  endure 
for  a  night,"  "joy  cometh  with  the  morning."     Nil  desperan- 
dum — never  despair. 

6.  RESTRAINT. — To  hold   in   check  excessive  expectation, 
cool  judgment  must  be  kept  always  on  guard  to  correct  the 
over-estimates    of  this    sentiment.      In   business,  persons   in 
whom  Hope  is  too  large  or  active,  should  adopt  and  strictly 
adhere  to  the  cash  principle,  both  in  buying  and  in  selling,  as 
there  is  always  a  great  liability  to  buy  too  much,  and  sell 
without  sufficient  security  for  the  payment. 


THE   ORGANS   AND    THElft   FUNCTIONS.       79 

XX.    SPIRITUALITY.       (17.) 
We  through  the  Spirit  wait  for  the  hope  of  righteousness  by  faith. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Spirituality  (17,  fig.  23)  i* 
situated  immediately  above  Ideality,  in  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  anterior  region  of  the  top-head. 


LARGE. 


NOT  LARGE. 


FIG.  94.— P.  N.  LYNCH,  D.D.*  FIG.  95.— H.  W.  BELLOWS,  D.D.t 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — Large  and  active  Spirituality 
gives  a  singularly  elevated  expression 
of  countenance.  The  eyelids  are 
lifted  and  the  eyes  often  turned  ob- 
liquely upward.  When  the  excite- 
ment of  the  organ  results  in  the  feeling 
of  wonder,  the  expression  becomes 
like  that  of  fig.  98. 

3.  FUNCTION. — The  function  of  this 
organ   is   to   give    a    perception    of 
v^  spiritual   things,  faith  in  the  unseen, 
and  an  intuitive  knowledge  of  what 
is   true   and  good,   with  a  prophetic 
insight  and  an  internal  consciousness 
of  immortality  and  a  supersenuous  existence. 

4.    PERVERSION. — Perverted   Spirituality   leads    to    stiper- 

*  Dr.  Lynch,  Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  holds  a  high  position  in 
his  church.    He  is  noted  for  his  learning,  kindness  of  heart,  and  spiritual-mludedness. 
t  Dr.  Bellows  is  a  distinguished  Unitarian  minister  of  New  York. 


FIG.  96.— WONDER. 


SO  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

stition,  fear  of  ghosts,  credulity,  and  excessive  lore  of  the 
wonderful.  There  are  many  disposed  to  believe  in  dreams, 
sorcery,  amulets,  magic,  astrology,  in  the  mystic  influence  of 
spirits  and  angels,  in  the  power  of  the  devil,  in  second-sight, 
and  in  miracles  and  incomprehensible  representations  of  all 
sorts.  Some  also  are  disposed  to  have  visions,  and  to  see 
ghosts,  demons,  and  phantoms.  This  sentiment  gains  credence 
to  the  true  and  also  to  the  false  prophet,  aids  superstition, 
but  is  also  essential  to  the  belief  in  the  doctrines  of  refined 
religion.  It  is  more  or  less  active,  not  only  in  different  in- 
dividuals, but  also  in  whole  nations ;  its  functions  are  often 
disordered,  constituting  one  form  of  insanity  called  demono* 
mania. 

5.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — A  gentleman  who  moved  in 
the  best  society  in  Paris  asked  Dr.  Gall  to  examine  his  head. 
The  doctor's  first  remark  was,  "You  sometimes  see  visions, 
and  believe  in  apparitions."     The  gentleman  started  from  his 
chair  in  astonishment,  and  said  that  he  had  frequent  visions ; 
but  that  never,  up  to  this  moment,  had  he  spoken  on  the  sub- 
ject to  any  human  being,  through  fear  of  being  set  down  as 
absurdly  credulous. 

Spirituality  was  largely  developed  in  Joan  of  Arc,  Cromwell, 
Tasso,  Swedenborg,  Stilling,  Wesley,  Burns,  Scott,  Hawthorne, 
and  Laura  Bridgeman,  and  correct  portraits  of  them  show  a 
marked  fullness  in  the  region  assigned  to  its  organ. 

6.  CULTIVATION. — To  cultivate  this  faculty,  the  attention 
should  be  frequently  directed  to  that  class  of  subjects  upon 
which  it  is  legitimately  exercised — the  Deity,  a  future  exist- 
ence, intuitive   perceptions,  premonitions,   etc.     Meditations 
on  divine  things,  the  reading  of  religious  works,  and  attend- 
ance upon  religious  meetings  will  aid  in  its  development,  if 
right  use  be  made  of  such  opportunities.     The  mind  should 
be  kept  open  to  the  intuitive  perception  of  truth,  and  all  super- 
sensual  impressions  and  premonitions  be  heeded. 

7.  RESTRAINT. — When   it   becomes   necessary  to  hold   in 
check    the    too    active    manifestations    of   Spirituality,   the 
restraining  organs  of  Cautiousness,  Self-Esteem,  and  Firmness 
must  be  called  to  the  support  of  reason,  and  the  mind  with- 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.        8l 


drawn  from  the  constant  contemplation  of  the  spiritual  and 
fixed  upon  the  real,  tangible  things  of  this  life.  Strict  atten- 
tion to  practical  matters,  and  a  resolute  performance  of  the 
common  duties  of  life  will  help  to  give  a  healthy  tone  to  the 
mind. 

XXI.    VENERATION.       (18.) 

Humble  yourselves  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  and  he  shall  lift  you  up. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Veneration  is  situated  in  the 
middle  of  the  coronal  region  (18,  fig.  23),  between  Benevo- 
lence and  Firmness.  Fig.  99  shows  it  large,  and  fig.  100  smalL 

LARGE.  SMALL. 


FIG.  97.—  DR.  PUSEY.* 


FIG.  98.—  GEO. 


2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — Sir  Charles  Bell  says,  "  When 
rapt  in  devotion- 
al feelings,  when 
all  outward  im- 
pressions are  un- 
heeded, the  eyes 
are  raised  by  an 
action  neither 
taught  nor  acquired.  Instinctively  we  bow  the  body  and 


FIG.  99.— LARGE. 


FIG.  100.— SMALL. 


*  Rev.  Edward  B.  Pusey,  D.D.,  is  a  distinguished  "high  church"  Episcopalian 
clergyman,  noted  as  a  leader  of  the  ritualistic  party  in  the  English  Church, 
t  An  English  naturalist,  in  whom  Veneration  is  somewhat  wanting. 

4* 


S2  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

raise  the  eyes  in  prayer,  as  though  the  visible  heavens  were 
the  seat  of  God.     In  the  language  of  the  poet — 

Prayer  is  the  upward  glancing  of  the  eye, 
When  none  but  God  is  near. 

'I  will  lift  up  mine  eyes  unto  the  hills,'  the  Psalmist  says, 
from  whence  cometh  my  help.' " 

3.  NATURAL  LANGUAGE. — The   natural   language   of  this 
faculty  carries  the  head  upward  in  the  direction  of  the  organ. 
The   voice   is   soft,   subdued,   reposing,   and   adoring.     The 
greatest  difference  is  perceptible  in  the  tones  and  manner  of 
prayer  of  clergymen  in  whom  the  organ  is  large,  compared 
with  those  in  whom  it  is  small;   there  is  a  soft  breathing- 
fervor  of  devotion  in  the  former,  and  a  cold  reasoning  formal- 
ity in  the  latter.     One  reaches  the  head,  the  other  touches 
the  heart. 

4.  FUNCTION. — The  faculty  of  Veneration  produces  rever- 
ence in  general,  and  especially  for  religion  and  things  sacred ; 
adoration  of  a  Supreme  Being;   a  disposition  to  pray  and 
observe  religious  rites  and  respect  for  whatever  is  perceived 
to  be  great  and  good.     It  is  the  source  of  natural  religion, 
and    of  that  tendency  to  worship  a  superior  Power  which 
manifests  itself  in  all  well-organized  men.     The  faculty,  how- 
ever, produces  merely  an  emotion,  and  does  not  form  ideas 
of  the  object  to  which  adoration  should  be  directed. 

5.  PERVERSION. — This  faculty,  when  unenlightened,  may 
lead  to  every  kind  of  religious  absurdity,  as  worshiping  beasts 
and  stocks   and  stones.     Many  African   negroes,  American 
Indians,  and  even  Hindoos,  have  but  a  moderate  intellectual 
development  compared  with  Europeans,  and  their  superstitions 
are   more  gross.     Socrates  did   not  assent   to   the   popular 
religious  errors  of  the  Greeks,  and  in  the  ancient  busts  of  him 
lie  is  represented  with  a  splendid  forehead.     Veneration  is 
large  also  in  negroes,  who  are  prone  to  superstition. 

Nothing  is.  more  common  in  the  hospitals  for  the  insane, 
says  Pinel,  than  cases  of  alienation  produced  by  devotional 
feelings  excessively  exalted,  by  conscientious  scruples  carried 
to  prejudicial  excesses,  or  by  religious  terror.  As  this  kind 
uf  insanity,  Dr.  Gall  says,  is  often  present  without  derange- 


THE   ORGANS   AND    THEIR   FUNCTION*,-       83 

ment  of  the  other  faculties,  physicians  ought  to  have  inferred 
that  it  is  connected  with  disease  of  a  particular  part  of  the 
brain. 

6.  CULTIVATION. — Attendance  on  religious  worship,  daily 
family  devotions,  and  association  with  persons  religiously  dis- 
posed, and  especially  those  whose  character  is  such  as  to 
command  great  respect,  will  do  much  to  develop  reverential 
feelings.     Respect  to  all  superiors  should  be  cultivated,  and 
the  mind  often  led  to  the  contemplation  of  the  greatness  and 
goodness  of  God. 

7.  RESTRAINT. — In  those  rare  cases  where  there  is  danger 
of  this  sentiment  running  into  the  forms  of  fanaticism  and 
religious  monomania,  measures  should  be  taken  to  withdraw 
the  mind  from  the  constant  contemplation    of  subjects  on 
which  the  mind  is  warped,  and  to  counteract  the  perverted 
tendency  by  enlisting  interest  in  worldly  matters  and  by  the 
exercise  of  the  reasoning  faculties  in  relation  to  it.     It  should 
be  remembered,  in  such  cases,  that  worship  is  not  the  only 
business  of  life,  but  that  while  on  the  earth  we  have  duties 
connected  with  the  earth  to  perform,  and  which  we  are  not 
at  liberty  to  neglect.     A  balanced  mind  is  the  best. 

XXII.    BENEVOLENCE.        (19.) 

Be  ye  kind  one  to  another,  tender-hearted,  forgiving  one  another. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Benevolence  is  situated  in  the 
middle  of  the  fore  part  of  the  top-head.    Its  location  is  marked 
with  its  proper  number  (19)  in  our  diagram  (fig.  23).     On  the 
skull,  its  place  is  just  forward  of  the  fontanel,  or  what  is  com- 
monly called  the  opening  of  the  head.     The  fontanel  is  at  the 
meeting  of  the  coronal  and  sagittal  sutures.     In  the  young 
child  it  is  cartilaginous ;  but  from  the  time  of  birth  it  begins 
to  contract,  and  is  generally  completely  ossified  and  closed 
between  the  second  and  third  years.     When  large,  it  gives 
great  elevation  to  the  fore  part  of  the  top-head,  as  represented 
in  fig.  103.     Fig.  104  shows  it  small. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL    SIGN. — The  action   of  the   muscular 
fibers,  which,  passing  down  from  the  middle  of  the  forehead 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


over  the  phrenological  organ  of  the  faculty,  are  inserted  near 
the  root  of  the  nose,  elevates  the  inner  extremities  of  the 


FIG.  101.— S.  H.  WESTON,  1>.D.* 


FIG.  102.— CHAKLES  FLEMING^ 


brows,  sometimes  causing,  when  strong,  short  horizontal 
wrinkles  in  the  center  of  the  forehead,  and  indicates  active 
benevolence — kindness  tianslated  into  deeds.  Persons  with 
this  sign  well  developed  will  be  found  not  merely  sympathetic, 
but  ready  to  take  hold  and  help  those  in  need  of  assistance. 

Men  have  more  of  this  working  Benevolence  than 

women,  and  it  i«  proper  they  should  have,  as  their 

power   to   help   is    greater  ;    but 

women  are  more  sympathetic  and 

more  readily  touched  by  pity. 
3.    NATURAL    LANGUAGE.  —  It 

should  be  observed,  also,  that  the 

activity  of  this  faculty  relaxes  the 
features  and  gives  an  open,  genial,  benignant,  and  pleasing 
expression  to  the  whole  countenance.     See  the  contrast  in 

*  Dr.  Weston  is  an  Episcopal  clergyman  of  New  York,  noted  for  his  kind  and  sym- 
pathetic disposition. 

t  Mr.  Fleming  ie  thus  described  by  the  author  of  "  The  Autobiography  of  a  Phrcs 
nologist :"  u  I  can  truly  say  that  he  was  one  of  The  worst  characters  I  ever  knew,  and 
ignorant  to  a  degree  that  perfectly  amazed  nie.  He  had  a  small  head,  which  swelled 
out  above  and  behind  the  ears.  His  forehead  was  'villainously  low,'  and  retreating, 
and  the  vertex  of  the  head  was  very  high,  but  rapidly  declined  toward  the  forehead, 
and  also  eloped  downward  toward  the  parietal  bones.  His  harshness  and  cruelty 
Almost  exceeded  belief."  He  would  not  "  spare  the  rod,"  but  use  it  freely. 


FIG.  104. 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.   85 


FIG.  105.-A  MISEK. 


FIG.  106.— A  LIBERAL. 


this   respect,  between   the   liberal,   generous   man    and   the 
pinched-up  miser  (figs.  105  and  106). 

4.  FUNCTION. — St.  Paul  gives  a  beautiful  description  of  the 
genuine  character  of  this  sentiment  in  his  account  of  Christian 
charity :    "  Charity,"  he  says,  "  suffereth  long  and  is  kind ; 
charity  envieth  not ;  charity  vaunteth  not  itself,  is  not  puffed 
ap,"  etc.     Christ  also  illustrates  it  in  the  parable  of  the  good 
Samaritan.     It  gives  kindness,  sympathy,  a  desire  to  make 

others  happy,  and  a 
self-sacrificing  disposi- 
tion. It  produces  liber- 
ality of  sentiment  to- 
ward all  mankind,  a 
disposition  to  love 
them,  and  to  dwell  on 
their  virtues  rather 
than  their  vices.  A 
person  in  whom  this 
feeling  is  strong,  rarely  complains  of  the  ingratitude  or  heart- 
lessness  of  others.  His  goodness  provides  its  own  reward. 

5.  PERVERSION. — This  sentiment,  beautiful  as  it  is  in  its 
proper  action,  is,  like  all  others,  liable  to   perversion   and 
abuse.     It  requires  to  be  directed  by  Conscientiousness  and 
intellect  and  restrained  by  Firmness  and  Cautiousness,  other- 
wise   it   produces    abuses.      Some    men,   for    instance,   give 
with    an    inconsiderate    prodigality,    which,    while   it    soon 
deprives  them  of  the  means  to  exercise  their  Benevolence  in 
that  way,  also  fails  to  effect  the  degree  of  good  that  the  same 
means  judiciously  applied  might  have  accomplished.     That 
individual  is  best  fitted  to  mature  wise  plans  of  charity  who 
has  a  large    endowment   of  this   sentiment   combined   with 
powerful  intellectual  faculties  and  a  good  degree  of  Cautious, 
ness  and  Firmness. 

6.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — Murderers  generally  have  the 
forehead  "villainously  low"  in  the  region  of  Benevolence. 
Caligula,  Caracalla,    Nero,   Catherine   de   Medicis,  Danton, 
Robespierre,  and  all  individuals  and  tribes  of  men  remarkable 
for  cruelty,  as  the  Caribs?  the  North  American  Indians,  etc., 


86  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

are  remarkable  for  the  same  characteristic.  Foreheads  re- 
markably lofty  in  the  region  assigned  to  the  organ  of  Benevo- 
lence are,  on  the  contrary,  among  the  leading  traits  of  persons 
distinguished  for  their  benevolent  feelings.  Trajan,  Marcus 
Aurelius,  Henri  Quatre,  Father  Mathew,  Oberlin,  Jeannin, 
Malesherbes,  Beecher,  and  Howard  may  be  referred  to  as 
illustrating  this  development. 

7.  CULTIVATION. — One  in  whom  this  sentiment  is  not  suf- 
ficiently strong,  should  read  and  reflect  upon  the  life  of  Christ, 
and  of  such  men  as  Oberlin  and  Howard,  and  try  to  appreciate 
their  self-sacrificing  goodness.     They  should  also  strive  to  be 
less  selfish  and  accustom  themselves  to  deeds  of  active  benevo- 
lence, giving  according  to  their  means  as  opportunity  shall 
offer.     The  world  is  not  so  full  of  selfishness  as  such  persons 
are  apt  to  think,  and  they  will  find  that .  those  who  are  least 
selfish  are  most  happy. 

8.  RESTRAINT. — There  is  no  necessity,  in  general,  to  restrain 
this  sentiment,  but  it  needs  the  guidance  of  sound  judgment, 
and  should   be  subservient  to  Conscientiousness.     "Be  just 
before  you  are  generous."     But  we  may  be  both. 

XXIII.    CONSTRUCTIVENESS.       (20.) 

Skillful  to  work  in  gold,  in  silver,  in  brass,  in  iron,  in  stone,  and  in  timber ;  in 
purple,  in  blue,  in  fine  linen,  and  in  crimson ;  also  to  grave  any  manner  of  graving. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Constructiveness  (20,  fig.  23) 
is  situated  just  forward  of  Acquisitiveness,  the  location  of 
which  has  been  already  described.     On  the  skull,  its  place  is 
at  the  inferior  and  outer  parts  of  the  frontal  bone  immediately 
above  the  spheno-ternporal  sutures,  and  behind   and  above 
the  outer  angle  of  the  orbit.     Its  development  gives  breadth 
to  the  head  above  the  zygomatic  arch.     Fig.   109  shows  it 
large,  and  fig.  110  small.     "If  the  base  of  the  brain  be  nar- 
row, this  organ,"  Mi'.  Combe  says,  "holds  a  situation  a  little 
higher  than  usual,  and  there  will  then  frequently  be  found  a 
slight  depression  at  the  external   angle  of  the  eye,  between 
the  zygotnatic  process  and  the  organ  in  question." 

2.  FUNCTION. — By  its  means  birds  build  nests,  rabbits  bur- 
row, the  bearer  makes  its  hut?  and  man  constructs  whatever 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS. 


87 


his  necessities,  his  comfort,  his  tastes,  or  his  higher  sentiments 
require,  from  the  hovel  and  the  tent  to  the  palace  and  the 
temple.  "It  invents  and  produces  fortifications,  ships,  the 


NOT   SO   LARGE. 


FIG.  107.— JOHN  SCOTT,  D.D.*  FIG.  108.— GEO.  W.  EATON,  D.D.,  LL.D.t 

engines  of  war,  the  implements  of  manufactures,  instruments 
of  all  kinds,  furniture,  clothes,  and  toys ;  it  is  essential  not 
only  in  every  mechanical  profession,  but  in  all  employments 
that  in  any  way  require  manual  nicety,  as  the  arts  of  drawing, 
engraving,  writing,  carving,  and  sculpture. 

3.  PERVERSION. — Large  Constructiveness  not  sufficiently- 
controlled  and  guided  by  the  higher  intellectual  faculties, 
sometimes  leads  to  great  waste  of  time  and  labor  in  attempts 
to  invent  perpetual  motions  or 
other  impossible  machines;  with 
deficient  Conscientiousness,  it  may 
employ  itself  in  making  counterfeit 
money,  false  keys,  arid  other  dis- 
honest contrivances. 

4.    ILLUSTRATIVE    EXAMPLES. — 

The  organ  of  this  faculty  is  seen  to  be  largely  developed  in 
busts  and  portraits  of  Michael  Angelo,  Canova,  Brunei, 
Whitney,  Fulton,  Franklin,  Watt,  Smeaton,  Stephenson, 

*  A  leading  minister  of  the  Pittsburg  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
and  editor  of  the  Methodist  Recorder. 

t  Ex-President  of  Madison  University,  New  York,  and  a  Baptist  minister  of  great 
earnestness  and  piety. 


FIG.  109. 


FIG.  110. 


88  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

Howe,  Morse,  arid  artists,  inventors,  and  builders.  It  is 
generally  large  in  French,  Italian,  and  American  heads — and 
fairly  so  in  the  English. 

IN  THE  ANIMALS. — Among  the  lower  animals,  it  is  clear 
that  the  ability  to  construct  is  not  in  proportion  to  the 
general  intelligence ;  for  the  elephant,  the  dog,  and  the  horse, 
though  in  sagacity  approaching  very  closely  to  the  more 
imperfect  specimens  of  the  human  race,  never  attempt  to  con- 
struct anything,  while  the  bee,  the  beaver,  and  the  swallow, 
with  far  less  general  intelligence,  rival  the  productions  of 
their  superiors.  Their  skulls  make  plain  the  reason  why. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — The  constant  use  of  tools,  however  awk- 
wardly at  first,  the   study  of  the  mechanic   arts,  writing, 
drawing,   etc.,    will    exercise    this    organ   and   promote   its 
development. 

6.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  this  faculty  is  not  often  neces- 
sary.    If  its  action  should  lead  to  the  pursuit  of  mechanical 
chimeras,  or  to  become  a  mania,  it  must  be  kept  within  due 
bounds  by  the  exercise  of  the  judgment,  or,  if  necessary, 
mechanical  pursuits  should  be  abandoned  and  some  calling 
adopted  which  will  bring  other  faculties  more  prominently 
into  action. 

XXIV.    IDEALITY.       (21.) 

O  Tyrus,  thou  hast  said,  I  am  of  perfect  beauty,  thy  borders  are  in  the  midst  of  the 
eea,  thy  builders  have  perfected  thy  beauty. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ   of  Ideality  is   situated   nearly 
along  the  temporal  ridge  of  the  frontal  bone  (21,  fig.  23), 
between  Mirthfulness  and  Sublimity,  and  directly  above  Con- 
structiveness.     It  is  here  that  the  last  fibers  of  the  temporal 
muscle  are  inserted. 

2.  FUNCTION. — This  faculty  produces  a  perception  and  love 
of  the  beautiful,  good  taste,  refinement,  sense  of  propriety, 
and  appreciation  of  art  and  poetry.     It  desires  to  elevate  and 
endow  with  a  splendid  excellence  every  object  presented  to 
the  mind.     It  stimulates  the  faculties  which  form  ideas  to 
create  scenes  in  which  every  object  is  invested  with  the  per- 
fection which  it  delights  to  contemplate.     It  is  particularly 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS. 


valuable  to  man  as  a  progressive  being.  It  inspires  him  with 
a  ceaseless  love  of  improvement,  and  prompts  him  to  form  and 
realize  splendid  conceptions.  When  predominant,  it  gives  a 
manner  of  feeling  and  of  thinking  befitting  the  regions  of 
fancy  rather  than  the  abodes  of  men.  Hence  those  only  on 


KOT  LARGE. 


FIG.  111.— A.  C.  Cox,  D.D.* 


FIG.  112.— BARNAS  SEAKS,  D.D.t 


whom  it   is   largely  bestowed   can  possibly  be   poets ;   and 
hence  the  proverb,  "  Poeta  nascitur,  non  fit." 

3.  DEFICIENCY. — There  are  persons  who  can  perceive  no 
excellence  in  poetry,  painting,  or  sculpture,  and  who  value 
nothing  merely  for  its  beauty.     Such  persons  declaim  against 
ornament  in  dress,  furniture,  architecture,  etc.,  and  deem  the 
solid  and  the  useful  (in  its  restricted  sense)  as  alone  worthy 
of  the  attention  of  rational,  immortal  beings.     For  such  per- 
sons the  varied  loveliness  of  hill  and  dale,  of  sun  and  shade, 
of  bird  and  flower  is  displayed  in  vain.     Wordsworth  speaks 
of  one  of  this  sort  when  he  says — 

A  primrose  by  a  river's  brim, 
A  yellow  primrose  was  to  him, 
And  it  was  nothing  more. 

4.  PERVERSION. — When  permitted  to  take  the  ascendency 

*  Arthur  Cleveland  Cox,  D.D.,  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop  of  Western  New  York, 
is  distinguished  both  as  a  preacher  and  as  a  poet.  He  is  considered  as  the  mouth- 
piece of  High  Church  Episcopalianism  in  this  country. 

t  Dr.  Sears  has  an  enviable  reputation  as  a  scholar  and  an  author,  as  well  as  in  the 
sphere  of  clerical  duty  and  philanthropic  effort.  He  is  now  geaeral  agent  of  the 
Peabody  Southern  Educational  Fund. 


90  HOW    TO    READ     CHARACTER. 

over  the  other  powers,  and  to  seek  its  own  gratification  *o  the 
neglect  of  the  serious  duties  of  life, — or  when  cultivated  to  so 
great  an  excess  as  to  produce  a  finical  and  sickly  refinement, 
fastidiousness,  and  distaste  for  every-day  life,  it  becomes  a 
source  of  great  evils. 

5.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES.- — If  we  pass  in  review  the  por- 
traits and  busts  of  the  poets  of  all  ages,  we  shall  find  the  con- 
figuration of  head  produced  by  large  Ideality  common  to 
them    all ;    as   in   Pindar,    Euripides,   Sophocles,  Heraclides, 
Plautus,   Terence,  Virgil,  Tibullus,   Ovid,  Horace,  Juvenal, 
Boccacio,   Ariosto,   Aretin,    Tasso,    Milton,    Boileau,   J.   B. 
Rousseau,  Pope,  Young,  Gorsset,  Voltaire,  Goethe,  Klopstock, 
Wieland,   Richter,   Wordsworth,   Tennyson,   Bryant,   Long- 
fellow, etc.     Dr.  Bailly,  in  a  letter,  dated  Rome,  30th  May, 
1822,  addressed  to  Dr.  Brayer,  says :  "  You  may  tell  Dr.  Gall 
that  I  have  a  mask  of  Tasso,  taken  from  nature,  and  that 
although  part  of  the  organ  of  poetry  be  cut  off,  nevertheless  the 
lateral  breadth  of  the  cranium  in  this  direction  is  enormous." 

Shakspeare  illustrates  the  poetical  manifestation  of  Ideality, 
in  connection  with  Sublimity,  in  the  following  lines : 

"  I  have  bedimmed 

The  noon-tide  sun,  calTd  forth  the  mutinous  winds, 
And  'tween  the  green  sea  and  the  azured  vault 
Set  roaring  war ;  to  the  dread  rattling  thunder 
Have  I  giv'n  fire,  and  rifted  Jove's  stout  oak 
With  his  own  bolt ;  the  strong  based  promontory 
Have  I  made  shake,  and  by  the  spurs  pluck' d  up 
The  pine  and  cedar." 

6.  CULTIVATION. — One  who  desires  to  cultivate  this  faculty 
ehould,  in  the  first  place,  carefully  avoid  all  low  and  vulgar 
habits,  associates,  and  surroundings,  and  make  it  a  point  to 
keep  good  company,  be  scrupulously  neat,  and  as  tasteful  as  he 
knows  how  in  dress,  surround  himself,  if  possible,  with  works 
of  art,  and  practice  the  best  style  in  conversation  and  manners. 
He   should  as  an  additional   means  study  poetry,  art,  and 
general  literature,  and  try  to  appreciate  beauty  in  all  its  forms. 

7.  RESTRAINT. — Perfection  is  not  one  of  the  qualities  of 
earthly  things,  and  the  fastidious  and  too  imaginative  must 
try  to  realize  that  air  castles  and  ideal  men  and  women  are 
rather  out  of  place  in  a  rough  practical  world  like  this, 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS-   91 

XXV.    SUBLIMITY.        (B.) 

His  pavilion  round  about  him  wore  dark  waters  and  thick  clouds  of  the  pkiea;  tht 
Lortl  also  thundered  in  the  heavens,  and  the  Highest  gave  his  voice. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Sublimity  is  situated  on  the 
side-head,  directly  above   Acquisitiveness  (B,  fig.   23),   and 
behind  Ideality. 

2.  FUNCTION. — The  function  of  Sublimity  is  to  give  percep- 
tion of  the  grand  and  sublime  in  nature,  art,  and  literature — 
to  enable  us  to  appreciate  mountain  scenery,  the  vastness  of 
the  ocean,  the  grandeur  of  a  thunder-storm,  the  roar  of  artil- 
lery, the  clash  of  armies,  etc.,  or  descriptions  and  pictures  of 
such  scenes.     It  is  also  an  element  in  religious  faith,  and 
assists   our   conceptions   of 

God  and  immortality.  It 
co-operates  with  Ideality  in 
the  artist  and  the  poet,  and 
with  Veneration  aud  Spirit- 
uality in  the  religious  wor- 
shiper. 

Sublimity  is  not  recog- 
nized by  the  European  phre- 
nologists, generally,  as  a 
distinct  faculty,  but  we 
believe  it  to  be  so,  and  con-  FlG"  113-WM-  o.  BRYANT.* 

sider  its  functions  determined  and  its  organ  fully  established. 

3.  CULTIVATION. — The  contemplation  of  mountain  scenery, 
the  storm-tossed  ocean,  the  roaring  cataract,  the  fiery  volcano, 
the  reverberating  thunder,  and  whatever  else  is  grand,  stu- 
pendous, or  sublime,  will  call  out  this  faculty  and  aid  in  the 
development  of  its  organ ;   as  will  thoughts  of  the  infinite 
and  eternal,  and  of  God  the  author  of  all. 

4.  RESTRAINT.— To  restrain  Sublimity  is  not  often  necessary, 
unless  a  perverted  manifestation  result  in  extravagance  and 
bombast,  which  must  be  held   in   check  by  Ideality,  Order, 
and  the  reflective  faculties. 

*  The  well-known,  American  poet,  author  of  "  Tha.natopsi»"  and.  other  poems. 


92  HOW    TO    BEAD    CHARACTER. 

XXVI.    IMITATION.       (22.) 
Follow  not  that  which  is  evil,  but  that  which  is  good. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Imitation  is  situated  on  the 
side   of  the   top-head,   between   Ideality   and   Benevolence. 


LAKGE. 


SMALL. 


FIG.  114.— REV.  DANIEL  BALLOU.* 


FIG.  115.— ROBERT  COLLTEB,  D.D.t 


When  it  is  large,  and  Benevolence  is  only  moderate,  the 
anterior  part  of  the  top-head  is  nearly  level;  with  Imitation 
and  Benevolence  both  large,  we  have  the  handsomely  curved 
outline  shown  in  fig.  116;  and  when  Benevolence  is  large  and 
Imitation  small,  the  form  is  like  that  represented  in  fig.  117. 

2.  FUNCTION. — This  faculty  gives  one  an  aptitude  to  copy, 
take    pattern,   mimic,   imitate    anything 

seen  or  heard — to  be- 
come, for  the  time 
being,  somebody  else 
rather  than  our  own 
proper  self.  It  is  es- 
sential to  actors,  ora- 
tors, painters,  sculptors,  designers.  If  it  be  not  well  developed 
in  them,  their  representations  will  be  imperfect. 

3.  ILLUSTRATIVE   EXAMPLES. — It   is   told   of  Garrick,  the 

*  A  Universalist  clergyman  of  ability,  benevolence,  and  high  moral  worth.  An 
effective  preacher. 

t  A  Unitarian  minister,  noted  for  his  fervid  oratory,  great  kindness,  active  benevo- 
tence,  and  practical  commop  sense. 


FIG.  116. 


FIG.  U7. 


THE    ORGANS   AND   THEIR   FUNCTIONS.       93 

great  actor,  that  he  possessed  such  an  extraordinary  talent 
for  mimicry,  that,  at  the  court  of  Louis  XV.,  having  seen  for 
a  moment  the  king,  the  Duke  d'Aumont,  the  Duke  d'Orleans, 
Messrs.  d'Aumont,  Brissac,  and  Richelieu,  Prince  Soubise, 
and  others,  he  carried  off  the  manner  of  each  of  them  in  his 
recollection.  He  invited  to  supper  some  friends  who  had 
accompanied  him  to  court,  and  said,  "  I  have  seen  the  court 
only  for  an  instant,  but  I  shall  show  you  the  correctness  of 
my  powers  of  observation  and  the  extent  of  my  memory;" 
and  placing  his  friends  in  two  files,  he  retired  from  the  room, 
and,  on  his  immediately  returning,  his  friends  exclaimed, 
"  Ah  !  here  is  ticking,  Louis  XV.,  to  the  life  !"  He  imitated 
in  succession  all  the  other  personages  of  the  court,  who  were 
instantly  recognized.  He  imitated  not  only  their  walk,  gait, 
and  figure,  but  also  the  expression  of  their  countenances. 

In  children,  Imitation  is  more  active  than  in  adults.  Young 
persons  are  very  apt  to  copy  the  behavior  of  those  with  whom 
they  associate ;  and  hence  the  necessity  of  setting  a  good 
example  before  them,  even  from  the  earliest  years. 

4.  CULTIVATION. — Writing  from   copy,    drawing,   making 
patterns  and  models,  attending  dramatic  exhibitions,  taking 
part  in  private  theatricals,  and  trying  (on  suitable  occasions, 
of  course)  to  mimic  our  friends  and  others  we  meet,  will  give 
exercise  and  development  to  this  organ. 

5.  RESTRAINT. — A  too  strong  tendency  to  mimic,  copy,  or 
plagiarize  must  be  held  in  check  by  the  exercise  of  Firmness, 
and  the  avoidance,  so  far  as  possible,  of  servile  imitation  of 
all.  sorts, 

\ 

XXVII.    MIRTHFULNESS.       (23.) 

A  merry  heart  doeth  good  like  a  medicine 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Mirthfulness  is  situated  on  the 
side  of  the  upper  part  of  the  forehead  (23,  fig.  23),  between 
Causality  and  Ideality. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGNS. — Mirthfulness  shows  itself  on 
the  face  in  a  graceful  turning  upward  of  the  corners  of  the 
mouth,  as  in  fig.  120.     The  reader  will  need  to  make  but  a 
few  careful  observations  to  be  convinced  (if,  indeed,  any  one 


HOW    TO    BEAD    CHARACTER. 


doubts  it)  that  there  is  the  relation  of  cause  and  effect  between 
a  disposition  to  make  and  enjoy  "fun"  and  the  upward  curv- 


FIG.  118.— AKTEMUS  WARD.*  FIG.  119.— KANOSH,  AN  INDIAN  CHEEP. 

ing  of  the  corners  of  the  mouth.  See  portraits  of  Cervantes, 
Rabelais,  Sterne,  Piron,  Neal,  and  others  noted  for  their  large 
development  of  Mirthfulness. 

3.  FUNCTION. — The  function  of  Mirthfulness  is  to  enjoy 
sport  and  gayety,  and  appreciate  the 
witty,  the  ludicrous,  the  droll,  the  comic- 
al, the  incongruous,  and  the  eccentric ; 
and  we  take  pleasure  in  saying  that  it 
is  one  of  the  distinguishing  character- 
istics of  man.  It  is  not  permitted  to 
the  lower  animals  to  laugh  or  compre- 
hend the  causes  of  laughter. 

4.  ILLUSTKATVE  EXAMPLE.  —  Some- 
times Benevolence  is  exercised  in  con- 
junction with  Mirthfulness;  sometimes 
Benevolence  and  Ideality  join  with 
Mirthfulness;  sometimes  Approbativeness;  sometimes  Secre- 
tiveness  and  Amativeness;  sometimes  all  together,  as  when  the 

*  Mr.  Charles  F.  Browne,  better  known  as  "  Artemus  Ward,1'  was  one  of  the  most 
noted  of  American  humorists.  Mirthfulness  is  geen  to  be  very  well  developed.  The 
contrast  between  Ma  head  and  that  of  the  Indian  Chief  is  very  striking. 


FIG.  120.— NEW  HOLLAND 
WOMAN. 


THE    ORGANS   AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.       95 

Irish  hod-carrier  rescued  the  lady's  parasol  which  was  being 
blown  away,  and  handing  it  to  her  said,  "  Och,  if  you  were 
half  as  strong  as  you  are  handsome,  it  never  would  have  got 
away  from  you."  She  replied,  "  I  do  not  know  which  most 
to  thank  you  for,  your  kindness  or  your  compliment."  He 
responded,  "  Niver  mind ;  a  single  glance  at  your  beautiful 
bright  eyes  pays  me  for  both,"  and  he  again  bent  himself  to 
his  work.  The  wit  of  this  consists  in  embracing  an  oppor- 
tunity to  say  a  brilliant,  pleasant  thing  without  being  rude, 
and  we  admire  it  more  than  we  laugh  at  it. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — The  facetious  aspects  of  things  and  sub- 
jects should  be  contemplated,  and  the  idea  that  dignity  and 
self-respect  require  perpetual  seriousness  must  be  resolutely 
combated.      The   company   of    mirthful    people    should    be 
sought,  for  nothing  is  more  contagious  than  genuine  jollity. 
There  is  a  time  to  laugh  as  well  as  a  time  to  weep,  and 
laughter  is  promotive  of  health  and  longevity.     The  injunc- 
tion to  "  laugh  and  grow  fat ! "  is  not  without  a  physiological 
reason,  nor  is  the  Shaksperian  adage,  that  "  a  light  heart  lives 
long,"  a  mere  poetical  flourish. 

"  Jog  on,  jog  on  the  footpath  way 
And  merrily  hent  the  style-a ; 
A  merry  heart  goes  all  the  day, — 
Your  sad  tires  in  a  mile-a." 

6.  RESTRAINT. — It  is  the   abuse   of  this  faculty  that  we 
should  strive  to  avoid,  by  cultivating  sobriety  and  reverence. 
Benevolence  also  should  be  called  in  to  aid  us,  showing  that 
we  often  give  great  pain  by  our  disposition  to  "  make  fun " 
at  the  expense  of  others. 

XXVIII.    INDIVIDUALITY.        (24.) 

Come,  behold  the  works  of  the  Lord. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  ^  of  Individuality  is  situated  in 
the  center  of  the  lower  partiof  the  forehead  (24,  fig.  23)  im- 
mediately above  the  top  of  the  nose.  When  large,  it  pro- 
duces breadth,  projection,  and  descent  between  the  eyebrows 
at  that  part  (fig.  121).  When  small,  the  eyebrows  approach 
closely  to  each  other  and  lie  in  a  nearly  horizontal  line. 

2.   PHYSIOGNOMICAL    SIGX.  —  The   faculty   is   represented 


00  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

facially  bj  the  projection  and  breadth  between  the  eyebrows 
and  the  downward  curving  of  the  latter  at  their  inner  corners. 
3.  FUNCTION. — This  faculty  imparts  the  desire  and  ability 
to  know  objects  as  mere  existences,  without  regard  to  their 
modes  of  action  or  the  purposes  to  which  they  may  be  sub- 
servient.  Individuals  in  whom  it  is  large  wTill  observe  and 


FIG.  121.— JOHN  STUART  MILL.* 


FIG.  122.—  PRINCESS  AucE.t 


examine  an  object  with  intense  delight,  without  the  least 
consideration  to  what  it  may  be  applied — a  quality  of  mind 
which  is  almost  incomprehensible  to  persons  in  whom  this 
organ  is  small  and  Causality  large.  It  prompts  to  observa- 
tion, and  is  a  great  element  in  a  genius  for  those  sciences 
which  consist  in  a  knowledge  of  specific  existences,  such  as 
natural  history.  It  leads  to  giving  a  specific  form  to  all  the 
ideas  entertained  by  the  mind.  It  also  gives  the  tendency  to 
personify  nations  and  phenomena,  or  to  ascribe  existence  to 
mere  abstractions  of  the  mind,  such  as  ignorance,  folly,  or 
wisdom. 

4.  DEFICIENCY. — When  the  organ  is  deficient,  the  individual 
fails  to  observe  the  things  which  are  around  him.     He  may 

*  A  distinguished  member  of  the  English  Parliament,  a  political  economist,  author 
ef  "  A  System  of  Logic,"  "  Principles  of  PoHtical  Economy,"  "  On  Liberty,"  etc, 
t  Daughter  of  Queen  Victoria  of  England. 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.   97 

visit  a  house  and  come  away  without  knowing  what  is  in  it ; 
or  walk  through  the  country  and  observe  nothing.  The 
external  senses  may  be  perfect,  but  owing  to  the  feebleness 
of  Individuality,  they  may  not  be  called  into  action  for  the 
purpose  of  obtaining  knowledge. 

5.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — To  the  artist  this  organ  is  of 
great  importance.  It  enables  him  to  give  body  and  substance 
to  the  conceptions  of  his  other  faculties,  and  confers  on  him  a 
capacity  for  attending  to  detail.  In  the  pictures  of  an  artist 
in  whose  head  Individuality  is  deficient,  there  is  an  abstract- 
ness  of  conception  and  a  vagueness  of  expression  that  greatly 
detract  from  their  effect.  In  the  works  of  an  individual  in 
whom  these  organs  are  large,  every  object  appears  full  of 
substance  and  reality ;  and  if  he  paint  portraits,  the  spectator 
will  be  so  impressed  with  their  individuality,  that  he  will  be 
apt  to  fancy  himself  acquainted  with  the  original. 

The  organ  was  large  in  Shakspeare,  Sheridan,  and  Sir 
"Walter  Scott.  It  is  not  so  large  in  the  German  as  Causality; 
it  is  larger  in  the  English,  and  still  larger  in  the  French  and 
Americans. 

6.  CULTIVATION. — Natural    history — especially   botany — 
anatomy,   mineralogy,   and   chemistry   «re   departments   of 
knowledge  particularly  fitted  to  develop  this  faculty.     It  is 
also  exercised  in  the  study  of  Phrenology  and  Physiognomy. 

7.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  is  seldom,  if  ever,  necessary. 
Reflection  may,  however,  be  set  as  a  guard  upoo  Xndividuality, 
if  observation  become  obtrusive. 

xxix.  FORM.     (25.) 

Show  them  the  form  of  the  house,  the  fashion  thereof,  ana  »C  the  forms  thereof. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  this  faculty  is  situated  in  thfe 
internal  angle  of  the  orbit  (25,  fig.  23),  and  if  large,  pushes 
the  eyeball  toward  the  external  angle,  a  little  outward  and 
downward. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — The  phrenological  organ  and 
the  physiognomical  sign  may  be  considered  one  in  this  case. 
It  gives  breadth  between  the  eyes,  as  in  the  accompanying 
portrait  of  the  celebrated  Rubens,  the  artist  (fig.  125). 

5 


98 


HOW    TO    BEAD    CHARACTER. 


3.  FUNCTION. — It  is  this  faculty  which  enables  us  to  re 
member,  and  with  the  aid  of  Constructiveness  to  reproduce^ 


MODERATE. 


FIG.  123.— REV.  W.  H.  PENDLETON.*  FIG.  124.— REV.  SIDNEY  A.  COREY,! 

the  forms  of  persons  and  things — to  make  patterns,  models^ 
pictures,  statues,  etc.,  and  to  describe  persons,  places,  and 
objects  of  all  sorts.  It  disposes  us  also  to  give  figure  to  every 
being  and  conception  of  our  minds,  as  to  God,  to  death,  to 
hope.  It  is  essential  to  painters,  sculptors,  and  architects, 

and  very  important  to  the  phre- 
nologist and  physiognomist. 

4.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. 
— The  celebi*ated  Cuvier  owed 
much  of  his  success  as  a  com-, 
parative  anatomist  to  tin's 
organ.  De  Candolle  mentions 
that  "his  memory  was  par- 
ticularly remarkable  in  what 
related  to  forms,  considered  in 
the  widest  sense  of  the  word ; 

FIG.  125.— RUBINS.  tne  figure  of  an  animal,  seen  in 

reality  or  in  drawing,  never 

left  his  mind,  and  served  him  as  a  point  of  comparison  for 
all  similar  objects,"  This  organ,  and  also  the  organs  lyir><r 

*  A  Baptist  minister,  distinguished  as  an  orator,  and  an  advocate  of  the  American 
Bible  Union.    See  how  "broad  between,  and  how  full  the  eye  ! 
t  A  Baptist  minister,  noted  as  an  eloquent  and  earnest  preacher  and  lecturer. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.        99 

along  the  superciliary  ridge,  were  largely  developed  in  his 
head. 

Mr.  Audubon  says  of  the  late  Mr.  Bewick,  the  most  eminent 
wood-engraver  whom  England  has  produced :  "  His  eyes  were 
placed  farther  apart  than  those  of  any  man  I  have  ever  seen." 

5.  CULTIVATION. — The  best  way  to  cultivate  the  organ  of 
Form  is  to  study  such  sciences  as  Phrenology,  Physiognomy, 
botany,  etc.,  and  accustom  one's  self  to  constant  observation 
of  the  configuration  of  everything  presented  to  the  eye. 

6.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  is  not  necessary. 

xxx.  SIZE.     (26.) 

To  measure  Jerusalem,  to  see  what  is  the  breadth  thereof  and  the  length  tiwraof. 

LARGE.  NOT  LARGE. 


FIG.  126.— EDWARD  R.  AMES,  D.D.*  FIG.  127.— RICHARD  FULLER,  D.D.t 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Size  is  placed  at  the  internal 
extremity  of  the  arch  of  the  eyebrows  (26,  fig.  23),  on  each 
side  of  Individuality. 

2.  FUNCTION. — The  faculty  of  Size,  as  its  name  implies, 
gives  the  power  of  determining  the  magnitude  of  objects, 
ability  to  measure  by  the  eye  and  appreciate  proportion,  and 
to  detect  any  departure  from  it.     It  is  important  to  every 
one,  but  particularly  so  to  geometricians,  architects,  carpen- 

*  Edward  Raymond  Amos,  D.D.,  a  bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  \» 
noted  for  his  devotion  and  for  business  sagacity  in  the  affairs  of  his  denomination, 
t  An  eminent  Baptist  clergyman  of  Baltimore,  much  respected  and  loved  by  MB  peopl* 


100  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

ters,  machinists,  and  artists.     In  union  with  Locality  it  gives 
conceptions  of  perspective. 

3.  CULTIVATION. — This  organ  may  be  exercised  by  constant 
attempts  to  estimate  the  length,  breadth,  and  other  dimensions 
of  objects,  verifying  observation  by  measurement.     The  same 
studies  recommended  for  the   cultivation  of  Form  will  be 
useful  in  this  case  also,  as  they  involve  size  and  proportion  as 
well  as  configuration. 

4.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  is  not  necessary. 

xxxi.  WEIGHT.     (27.) 

Who  weighed  the  mountains  in  scales  and  the  hills  in  a  balance. 

LARGE.  NOT  LARGE. 


FIG.  128.— ISAAC  FERRIS,  D.D.,  LL.D.*       FIG.  129.— RICH.  S.  STORRS,  JR.,  D.D.t 

1.  LOCATION. — The   organ  of  Weight   is   located   on   the 
superciliary  ridge,  about  one  third  of  its  extent  from  the  root 
of  the  nose  (27,  fig.  23).     When  large,  it  sometimes  depresses 
the  eyebrow  at  that  point,  as  may  be  seen  in  our  likeness  of 
Brunei,  the  distinguished  English  engineer  (fig.  130). 

2.  FUNCTION. — The  faculty  of  Weight  gives  a  perception 
of  the  laws  of  gravity,  motion,  etc.,  and  ability  to  apply  them. 

*  An  eminent  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church  and  Chancellor  of  the  University  of 
New  York. 

+  Dr.  Storrs,  an  eloquent  preacher  of  the  Congregationalist  denomination,  is  alsw 
well  known  as  a  writer  and  lecturer. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.     101 

Persons  in  whom  Individuality,  Size,  Weight,  and  Locality 
are  large,  have  generally  a  talent  for  engineering  and  those 
branches  of  mechanics  which  consist  in  the  application  of 
forces;  they  delight  in  steam-engines,  water-wheels,  and 
turning-lathes.  The  same  combination  occurs  in  persons  dis- 
tinguished for  successful  execution  of  difficult  feats  in  skating? 
in  which  the  regulation  of  equi- 
librium is  an  important  element. 

3.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — 
Mr.    Simpson   published   in   the 
Edinburgh  Phrenological  Jour- 
nal (vol.  ii.  p.  412)  an  interesting 
and  ingenious  essay  on  this  organ, 
in  which  he  enumerates  a  great 
number  of  examples  in  proof  of 
its  functions.    It  is  large,  says  he, 
in  Dr.  Chalmers,  Dr.  Brewster, 
Sir  James  Hall,  Sir  George  Mac- 
kenzie, Professor  Leslie,  and  in 
Mr.  Jardine  and  Mr.  Stephenson, 
two  very  eminent  engineers. 

_r        •L.  FIG.  130.— BRUNEL. 

Mr.  Richard  Edmonson,  of 
Manchester,  England,  mentions  that  a  great  number  of  ob- 
servations have  led  him  to  the  conviction  that  this  organ 
gives  the  perception  of  perpendicularity.  Workmen  who 
easily  detect  deviations  from  the  perpendicular  possess  it 
large ;  while  those  who  constantly  find  it  necessary  to  resort 
to  the  plumb-line  have  it  small,  and  vice  versa. 

Brunei,  the  great  engineer  of  the  Thames  Tunnel,  and  his 
son,  builder  of  the  Great  Eastern  (fig.  130),  possessed  a 
remarkable  development  of  Weight,  while  the  organ  of  Color 
was  totally  wanting. 

4.  CULTIVATION.  —  Skating,    practicing    gymnastic    feats, 
balancing  a  pole,  riding  on  a  horse,  walking,  climbing,  sail- 
ing, gunnery,  etc.,  exercise  and  develop  Weight. 

5.  RESTRAINT. — If  one   be   prone   to   attempt   dangerous 
feats  of  climbing,  walking  on  narrow  places,  etc.,  he  should 
cultivate  Cautiousness  and  hold  Weicht  in  check. 


102 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


XXXII.    COLOR.       (28.) 

Though  thou  clothest  thyself  with  crimson,  and  deckest  thee  with  ornaments  of 
gold,  and  rentest  thy  face  with  painting,  in  vain  shalt  thou  make  thyself  fair. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  place  of  the  organ  of  Color  (28,  fig.  23) 
is  the  middle  of  the  eyebrow,  at  the  most  elevated  part  of  the 
superciliary  ridge. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — The   form  of  the  eyebrow  is 


MODERATE. 


FIG.  131.— ISAAC  WESTCOTT,  D.D.* 


PIG,  132.— CHARLES  HoDGE.t 


greatly  modified  by  the  development  of  this  organ.  The 
ordinary  indication  of  its  full  development  is  the  regular 
arching  of  the  brow,  as  seen  in  fig.  131  ;  but  sometimes  the 
brow  is  pushed  forward  and  made  very  prominent  at  that 
point.  When  large,  it  also  gives  a  peculiar  appearance  of 
fullness  to  the  upper  eyelid. 

3.  FUNCTION. — Its  function  is  to  distinguish  all  the  shades 
of  color,  and  the  relations  of  harmony  or  of  discord  between 
them.  When  large,  the  faculty  of  Color  gives  great  delight 
in  contemplating  colors  and  good  taste  in  their  use  and  com- 
bination in  dress,  painting,  etc.  Those  in  whom  the  organ  is 
deficient,  on  the  contrary,  experience  little  interest  in  coloring, 

*  Dr.  Westcott  is  a  Baptist  minister  of  great  piety  and  zeal,  and  a  very  effective 
preacher.  He  is  pastor  of  the  Bloomingdale  Baptist  Church,  New  York. 

t  A  prominent  Presbyterian  minister,  editor  of  the  Biblical  Repertory,  and  an  author 
of  note  in  hie  denomination. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.     103 

and  are  almost  insensible  to  difference  of  shades,  hues,  and 
tints. 

4.  DEFICIENCY. — Certain  persons  are  almost  destitute  of 
the  power  of  distinguishing  colors.     Dr.  Spurzheim  mentions 
a  family,  all  the  individuals  of  which  distinguish  only  black 
and  white.     Dr.  Unzer,  of  Altona,  could  not  perceive  green 
and  blue ;  and  inability  to  distinguish  between  these  colors  is- 
very  common.     To  many,  also,  green  and  red  look  the  same. 
This  defect  is  called  color-blindness. 

5.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — The  organ  of  Color  is  gener- 
ally more  developed  in  woman  than  in  man;  hence  it  happens 
that  the  eyebrows  of  women  are  more  finely  arched ;  and  this 
explains  why  they  are  more  frequently  lovers  of  flowers  and 
fond  of  a  variety  of  colors  in  dress.     Among  great  painters, 
this  organ  is  seen  to  be  very  large  in  those  most  distinguished 
as  colorists ;  for  instance,  Corregio,  Titian,  Claude  Lorraine, 
Rubens  (fig.  125),  Rembrandt,  Poussin,  and  Raphael. 

6.  CULTIVATION. — Observing  and  classifying  or  arranging 
colors,  painting,  cultivating  flowers,  etc.,  will  exercise  and  aid 
in  the  development  of  this  organ. 

7.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  is  not  necessary. 

XXXIII.    OKDER.       (29.) 
Let  all  things  be  done  decently  and  in  order. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ   of  Order   is  situated  over  the 
outer   corner  of  the  eye  (29,  fig.  23),  between  Color   and 
Calculation. 

2.  FUNCTION. — The  function  of  this  organ  is  well  indicated 
by  its  name.     It  gives  method  and  order  to  physical  objects, 
and  is,  perhaps,  a  co-worker  with  the  reflective  faculties  in 
the  conception  of  system,  generalization,  and  classification. 

3.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — Dr.  Spurzheim  mentions  that 
the  Sauvage  de  1'Aveyron,  at  Paris,  though  an  idiot,  could 
not  bear  to  see  a  chair  or  any  object  out  of  its  place ;  and 
that  as  soon  as  anything  was  deranged,  he,  without  being 
excited  to  it,  directly  replaced  it.     He  likewise  saw  in  Edin- 
burgh a  girl  who  in  many  respects  was  idiotic,  but  in  whom 


104 


HOW    TO    READ     CHARACTER. 


the  love  of  order  was  very  active.  She  avoided  her  brother's 
apartment  in  consequence  of  the  confusion  that  prevailed  in 
it.  It  is  usually  large  in  Quaker  ladies,  of  whom  Lucretia 
Mott  is  an  example. 

4.  CULTIVATION. — Any  business  that  requires  system  and 


FIG.  133.— HENKT  C.  CABEY.* 


FIG.  134.— JAMES  P. 


orderly  arrangement,  as  well  as  studies  involving  the  contem- 
plation, a  regular  arrangement  of  objects  will  help  to  develop 
Order. 

5.  RESTRAINT. — Where  there  is  a  morbid  action  of  this 
organ,  making  the  subject  painfully  susceptible  to  the  in- 
fluence of  disorder  and  lack  of  methodical  arrangement,  an 
effort  must  be  made  to  withdraw  the  mind  from  the  contem- 
plation of  such  matters.  It  should  be  considered  how  im- 
possible it  is  to  have  everything  exactly  to  one's  mind  in  this 
respect,  and  that  we  only  waste  our  time  and  mar  our  temper 
in  the  attempt  to  reduce  everything  to  the  regular  arrange 
ment  we  love.  Avoid  becoming:  "  more  nice  than  wise."' 


XXXIV.    CALCULATION.       (30.) 

The  very  hairs  of  your  head  are  all  numbered. 

It.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Calculation  is  situated  at  the 

*  A  distinguished  American  author  and  political  economist. 

t  A  noted  hunter,  trapper,  and  guide  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.    He  died  in  1867. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.     105 

outer  angle  of  the  eye  (30,  fig.  23).     When  large,  it  swells 
the  frontal  bone  at  that  particular  spot. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — In  individuals  endowed  with 
great  calculating  powers,  the  external  angle  of  the  eyebrow 
is  either  much  pressed  down  or  much  elevated,  the  configura- 


FIG.  135.— DB.  HIND.*  FIG.  136.— GEORGE  CoMBE.t 

tion  in  both  cases  resulting  from  the  great  development  of 
the  part  of  the  brain  situated  behind  the  outer  angle  of  the 
orbit,  which  forms  a  ridge,  above  or  below  which  the  eye- 
brow naturally  slides.  The  portraits  and  busts  of  great  cal- 
culators, like  Newton,  Euler,  Kaestner,  Herschel,  Buxton, 
Colborn,  Safford,  etc.,  all  present  either  one  or  the  other  of 
these  external  signs. 

3.  FUNCTION. — Whatever  concerns   unity   and    plurality 
belongs   to   this    faculty;    hence   its   end   is   calculation   in 
general.     The  recollection  of  the  numbers  of  houses,  or  of 
pages   where   we   have   read    passages,   depends   upon   this 
faculty.     It  gives  ability  to  reckon  in  the  head,  or  facility  in 
mental  arithmetic. 

4.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — Dr.  Spurzheim  mentions  that 
"certain   races   of  negroes   make   five   the   extent   of  their 
enumeration,  that  is,  they  count  only  as  far  as  five  by  simple 

*  An  English  astronomer  distinguished  for  his  ability  as  a  calculator. 
t  Mr.  Combe  was  so  deficient  in  this  faculty  of  Calculation  that  he  was  never  able  to 
master  the  multiplication  table.    See  his  lectures  on  Phrenology. 

5* 


106  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

terms ;  all  their  numbers  after  five  are  compound,  whereas 
ours  are  not  so  till  they  have  passed  the  number  ten  ;  while 
our  terms,  six,  seven,  etc.,  are  simple,  they  say  five-one,  five- 
two,  five-three,  etc.  Negroes  in  general,"  he  continues,  "  do 
not  excel  in  arithmetic  anci  numbers ;  and,  accordingly,  their 
heads  are  very  narrow  in  the  seat  of  the  organ  of  Number." 
Among  the  most  remarkable  examples  of  the  extraordinary 
development  of  Calculation,  Jedediah  Buxton  and  George 
Bidder,  of  England,  and  Zerah  Colburn  and  Truman  H. 
Safford,  of  the  United  States,  may  here  be  mentioned. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — The   study  of  arithmetic   and    algebra, 
and   the  practice   of  calculation   in   its  various   forms,   and 
especially  mental  computations,   exercise   and    develop   this 
faculty ;    as  also  the  habit  of  charging  the  mind  with  the 
memory  of  the  numbers  of  houses  in  a  street,  the  pages  of  a 
book,  etc. 

6.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  is  not  necessary. 

XXXV.    LOCALITY.       (31.) 

We  are  journeying  to  the  place  of  which  the  Lord  said,  I  will  give  it  you ;  come 
With  us. 

1.  LOCATION. — The   organ   of  Locality  is  situated  in  the 
forehead,  on  each  side  of  Eventuality  and  over  the  inner  coi- 
ner of  the  eyebrows  (31,  fig.  23). 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — A  marked  prominence  above 
the  inner  corner  of  the  eyebrows,  on  each  side  of  the  mesial 
line,  as  in  Captain  Cook  (fig.  139),  indicates  large  Locality. 

3.  FUNCTION. — The  faculty  of  Locality  gives  the  ability  to 
form   conceptions   of  place   and   to   find   places,  delight   in 
scenery,  memory  of  the  location  of  objects,  love  of  travel,  etc. 

4.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — Locality  is  large  in  the  busts 
and  portraits  of  all  eminent  navigators  and  travelers,  such  as 
Columbus,  Cook,  Mungo  Park,  and  Sir  Samuel  Baker;  also 
in   great   astronomers   and  geographers,  as  Kepler,  Galileo, 
Tycho   Brahe,   and   Newton.      In   Tasso  the   poet,   also,  it 
appears  to  be  very  large,  and  he  manifested  the  faculty  in  a 
high  degree. 

In  the  mask  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  the  organ  is  large.    Readers 


THE    ORGANS. AND    THEIR    FUNCTIONS.     107 

similarly  endowed   are  almost  as  much  delighted  with  his 
descriptions  of  scenery  as  by  a  tour  made  by  themselves  amid 


LARGE. 


NOT  LARGE. 


fie.  137.— O.  B.  FROTHINGHAM,  D.D.*  FIG.  138.-JAMES  F.  CLARKE,  D.D.«- 

tlK  mountain  glens ;  while  those  in  whom  the  organ  is  small, 
are  quite  uninterested  by  his  most  splendid  poetical  landscapes. 
This  author  wrote  so  pictorially,  that  he  almost  saves  an 
artist,  who  means  to  illustrate  his 
pages,  the  trouble  of  invention. 
The  organ  is  more  developed  in 
men  than  in  women,  and  the 
manifestations  correspond. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — Traveling, 
the  study  of  geography,  and  a 
persevering  exercise  of  the  niem- 
i)iy  in  reference  to  places,  roads, 
landmarks,  the  location  of  the 
phrenological  organs,  etc.,  wilJ 
promote  the  activity  and  devel- 
opment of  this  organ. 

6.  RESTRAINT. — A  too  strong  disposition  to  rove,  or  a  rest- 
less desire  for  a  continual  change  of  place,  must  be  met  by 

*  Dr.  Frothingham  is  a  Unitarian  minister  of  New  York,  and  a  writer  of  great 
ability  on  theological  subjects.  He  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  rationalistic  party  in 
the  Unitarian  denomination. 

t  A  preacher  and  writer  of  great  talent,  and  minister  of  the  Church  of  the  Disciples 
CCnitarian)  in  Boston.  He  is  known  as  a  reformer  and  a  philanthropist. 


FIG.  139.— CAPTAIN  COOK. 


108 


HOW    TO    READ    CHA-RACTER. 


the  cultivation  of  Continuity  and  Firmness,  and  a  resolute 
determination  to  settle  down  and  establish  a  permanent 
home. 

XXXVI.    EVENTUALITY.       (32.) 
Remember  the  days  of  old,  consider  the  years  of  many  generations. 

LARGE.  MODERATE. 


FIG.  140.— S.  H.  TYNO,  D.D.*  FIG.  141.— SAMUEL  OSGOOD,  D.D.t 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  this  faculty  is  situated  in  the 
center  of  the  forehead  (32,  fig.  23),  to  which  when  large  it 
gives  a  rounded  fullness,  as  in  fig. 
142.  Fig.  143  shows  it  small. 
Taking  the  root  of  the  nose  as  the 
starting-point,  we  first  come  to  In- 
dividuality, which  lies  between  the 
eyebrows.  The  next  organ  is  Event- 
uality, just  above  the  eyebrows. 

2.  FUNCTION. — The  function  of 
Eventuality  is  to  impart  memory 
of  facts,  recollection  of  circum- 
stances, news,  occurrences,  and  pass- 
ing  events — whatever  has  been  said,  heard,  seen,  or  in  any 
way  once  known.  It  seems  to  perceive  the  impressions  which 

*  Stephen  H.  Tyng,  D.D.,  is  a  prominent  clergyman  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  and  pastor  of  St.  George's  Church,  New  York.  He  ie  regarded  by  many  as  one 
of  the  best  extemporaneous  pulpit  orators  in  the  city. 

t  Rev.  Dr.  Osgood  is  pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah  (Second  Unitarian),  Ne\r 
York,  and  is  distinguished  both  as  a  writer  and  as  a  preacher. 


FIG.  142. 


FIG.  143. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.     109 

are  the  immediate  functions  of  the  external  senses,  to  change 
these  into  notions,  conceptions,  or  ideas,  and  to  be  essential  to 
attention  in  general.  Its  sphere  of  activity  is  very  great,  and 
expressed  by  the  verbs  in  their  infinitive  mood.  It  desires  to 
know  everything  by  experience,  and  consequently  excites  all 
the  other  organs  to  activity ;  it  would  hear,  see,  smell,  taste, 
and  touch  ;  is  fond  of  general  instruction,  and  inclines  to  the 
pursuit  of  practical  knowledge. 

3.  CULTIVATION. — Reading  history,  mythology,  the  news- 
papers of  the  day,  etc.,  always  charging  the  memory  with 
the  events  and  occurrences  related ;  writing  down  or  verbally 
relating  the  incidents   of  every-day  life,  and  telling  stories 
and  anecdotes,  will  give  exercise  to  the  organ  and  promote 
development. 

4.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  is  not  necessary. 

XXXVII.    TIME.       (33.) 
To  everything  there  is  a  season ;  and  a  time  to  every  purpose  under  the  heaven. 

LARGE.  NOT  LARGE. 


FIG.  144.— OLE  BORNEMANN  BULL.*  FIG.  145.— T.  B. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  this  faculty  is  situated  just 
above  the  middle  of  the  eyebrow  (33,  fig.  23),  and  between 
Locality  and  Tune. 

*  Die  Bull  is  well  known  the  world  over  as  a  violinist  of  great  ability.  He  is  a 
Norwegian  by  birth. 

t  Rev.  T.  B.  Hayward  is  a  minister  of  the  New  Church  (Swedenborgian),  and  much 
respected  and  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 


110  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

2.  FUNCTION. — This  organ  imparts  recollection  and  intuitive 
knowledge  of  the  lapse  of  time;  memory  of  dates ;   ability 
to  keep  time  in  music;  also  to  perceive  those  minuter  divi- 
sions, and  their  harmonious  relations,  which  constitute  rhythm. 
Persons  who  have  it  large  are  invariably  accurate  dancers, 
and  generally  fond  of  the  exercise. 

3.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — Individuals  are  occasionally 
met  with  who  estimate  the  lapse  of  time  so  accurately  that 
they  are  able  to  tell  the  hour  without  having  recourse  to  a 
timepiece.     An  illiterate  Highlander,  who  was  long  in  the 
service  of  Sir  G.  S.  Mackenzie  as  a  plowman,  could  tell  the 
hour  of  the  day  with  great  exactness,  and  also  the  time  of 
high  water,  although  he  resided  seven  miles  from  the  sea. 
Sir  George  had  not  become  acquainted  with  Phrenology  at 
the  period  of  this  man's  death.     The  lower  animals  seems  to 
be  endowed  with  the  power  of  perceiving  and  appreciating 
intervals  of  time.     Mr.  Southey,  in  his  Omniana,  relates  two 
instances  of  dogs  who  had  acquired  such  a  knowledge  of 
time  as  would  enable  them  to  count  the  days  of  the  week. 
He  says :  "  My  grandfather  had  one  which  trudged  two  miles 
every  Saturday  to  cater  for  himself  in  the  shambles.     I  know 
another  more  extraordinary  and  well-authenticated  example. 
A  dog  which  had  belonged  to  an  Irishman,  and  was  sold  by 
him  in  England,  would  never  touch  a  morsel  of  food  upon 
Friday.     This  may  or  may  not  be  true.     We  ourselves  do 
not  believe  it.     The  same  faculty  of  recollecting  intervals  of 
time  exists,  though  in  a  more  limited  extent,  in  the  horse. 

4.  CULTIVATION. — Regular  habits  in  respect  to  time,  as  in 
rising,  retiring,  taking  meals,  etc.,  and  the  practice  of  music, 
dancing,  and  rhythmic  gymnastic  exercises  tend  to  promote 
the  activity  of  this  organ. 

5.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  is  unnecessary. 

xxxvin.  TUNE.     (34.) 

Praise  the  Lord  with  harp ;  sing  unto  him  with  the  psaltery  and  an  instrument  of 
ten  strings.    Sing  unto  him  a  new  song. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Tune  is  situated  on  the  side 
©f  the  forehead  just  above  the  outer  corner  of  the  eyebrow 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.     Ill 

and  next  to  Time  (34,  fig.  23).  A  great  development  of  the 
organ  enlarges  the  lateral  parts  of  the  forehead ;  but  it? 
appearance  varies  according  to  the  direction  and  form  of  the 
convolutions.  Dr.  Spurzheim  observes,  that,  in  Gliick  and 
others,  this  organ  had  a  pyramidal  form ;  in  Mozart,  Viotti* 
Zumsteg,  Dussek,  Crescentini,  and  others,  the  external  and 


NOT  LARGE. 


FIG.  146.— MLLE.  DE  KATOW.*  FIG.  147.— WILLIAM  COLLIER,  D.D.* 


lateral  portions  of  the  forehead  are  enlarged,  but  rounded. 
Great  practice  is  necessary  to  be  able  to  observe  this  organ 
successfully ;  and  beginners  should  place  together  one  person 
possessing  a  genius  for  music,  arid  another  who  can  scarcely 
distinguish  between  any  two  notes,  and  mark  the  difference 
of  their  heads.  The  superior  development  of  the  former 
will  be  perceptible  at  a  glance. 

The  heads  of  Italians  and  Germans,  in  general,  are  broader 
and  fuller  at  the  situation  of  this  organ  than  those  of  Span- 
iards, Frenchmen,  and  Englishmen  in  general ;  and  musical 
talent  is  more  common  in  the  former  than  in  the  latter. 

2.  FUNCTION. — The  faculty  of  Tun£  gives  a  perception  of 
melody,  the  harmony  of  sounds,  and  the  ability  to  learn  and 
remember  tunes;  other  faculties  are  required  to  compose. 
Tune  is  only  one  ingredient  in  a  genius  for  music.  Time  is 

*  A  celebrated  Russian  violinist.    See  how  full  in  the  temples  I 
t  A  minister  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church  and  a  leader  in  the  denomination, 
lie  is  noted  for  zeal  and  earnestness. 


112  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTEE. 

requisite  to  give  a  just  perception  of  intervals;  Ideality,  to 
communicate  elevation  and  refinement;  and  Secretivenesa 
and  Imitation,  to  produce  expression ;  while  Constructiveness, 
Form,  Weight,  and  Individuality  are  necessary  to  supply 
mechanical  expertness — qualities  all  indispensable  to  a  suc- 
cessful composer  or  performer. 

3.  CULTIVATION. — Singing  and  the  practice  of  vocal  and 
instrumental    music,    attending   concerts,   and   the    constant 
effort  to  appreciate  music  will  lead  to  an  increased  activity 
and  consequent  development  of  the  organ  of  Tune. 

4.  RESTRAINT. — Restraint  is  seldom  called  for,  but  should 
there  be  an  excessive  fondness  for  music,  interfering  with 
other  studies  or  pursuits,  or  with  the  common  duties  of  life, 
one  must  resolutely  hold  it  in  check  by  the  exercise  of  the 
restraining  organs,  such  as  Conscientiousness,  Firmness,  and 
the  reflective  intellect. 

XXXIX.    LANGUAGE.       (35.) 
Keep  thy  tongue  from  evil,  and  thy  lips  from  speaking  guile. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Language  is  situated  on  the 
back  part  of  the  orbitary  plates,  the  bones  which  form  the 
roof  of  the  eyes  and  support  the  anterior  lobes  of  the  brain. 

2.  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  SIGN. — A  large  development  of  Lan- 
guage is  indicated  by  prominent  eyes.     Sometimes  the  eyes 
not  only  project,  but  are  also  depressed,  when  the  under 
eyelid  presents  a  sort  of  sack  or  roll  or  appears  swollen. 
Both  of  these  signs  are  conspicuous  in  fig.  148. 

3.  FUNCTION. — This    faculty   gives    verbal    memory   and 
capacity  for  learning  arbitrary  signs  of  all  kinds ;  and  persons 
who  have  it  large  readily  remember  words,  and  learn  by 
heart  with  great  facility.     When  Language  is  very  large  and 
the  general  intellect  only  moderate,  it  is  surprising  what  a 
volume  of  words  can  be  poured  forth  to  express  a  few  ideas, 
and  sometimes  no  idea  at  all.     This  class  of  persons  have 
great  pleasure  in  hearing  themselves  talk,  and  are  rendered 
uncomfortable  if  not   allowed   to  indulge  in  their  favorite 
occupation.     If  they  write,  their  style  is  like  their  speaking, 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS.   US 

destitute  of  condensation — they  scribble  whole  pages  about 
nothing. 

4.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. — This,  like  all  other  organs, 
seems  composed  of  different  parts.  Some  persons  are  apt  to 
forget  proper  names,  while  they  recollect  words  denoting  the 
qualities  of  external  objects.  Disease  or  accident  has  entailed 

LARGE.  ONLY  FULL. 


FIG.  148.— WM.  R.  WILLIAMS.*  FIG.  149.— ROBERT  TURNBULL,  D.D.t 

this  peculiarity  in  several  instances.  "  One  Lereard,  of  Mar- 
seilles," mentioned  by  Dr.  Spurzheim,  "  having  received  a 
blow  from  a  foil  on  the  eyebrow,  lost  the  memory  of  proper 
names  entirely  ;  he  sometimes  forgot  the  names  of  his  intimate 
friends,  and  even  of  his  father,  as  he  stated  in  a  letter  written 
to  Dr.  Gall  for  advice."  It  is  large  in  Charles  Dickens,  and 
small  in  General  U.  S.  Grant. 

We  frequently  meet  with  men  of  great  talent  only  moder- 
ately endowed  with  Language,  and  others  whose  mental 
powers  are  very  common-place  who  have  this  organ  large. 
Many  persons  who  are  largely  endowed  with  this  faculty, 
and  who  have  an  excellent  verbal  memory,  and  learn  by  heart 
with  great  readiness,  yet  make  little  progress  in  learning  the 
science  of  a  language. 

*  Dr.  Williams  is  pastor  of  the  Fifty-fourth  Street  Baptist  Church,  New  York,  and  is 
distinguished  for  his  eloquence,  learning,  talent,  authorship,  and  piety. 

t  A  Scotchman  by  birth,  and  now  pastor  of  the  largest  Baptist  church  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  is  also  an  author  of  merit. 


114  HOW    TO    REAP    CHARACTER. 

5.  CULTIVATION. — The   constant   practice   of  talking   and 
writing,    the    study   of  languages,    and   the   committing   to 
memory  of  any  arbitrary  signs,  are  all  adapted  to  promote 
the  development  of  this  faculty. 

6.  RESTRAINT. — Where  Language  is  very  large  and  active, 
it  sometimes  leads  to  verbosity,  garrulity,  and  circumlocution, 
in  which  case  there  must  be  a  systematic  effort  to  check  this 
tendency  by  a  severe  lopping  oif  of  redundancies  in  writing 
and  a  constant  watchfulness  over  one's  self  in  speaking. 

XL.    CAUSALITY.       (36.) 
Ajud  Paul  reasoned  with  them  out  of  the  Scriptures.    [The  why  and  wherefore  Faculty.} 

LARGE.  NOT  SO  LARGE. 


FIG.  150.-W.  F.  MORGAN,  D.D.*  FIG.  151.—  W.  B. 


1.  LOCATION.  —  Causality  is  situated  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  forehead  (36,  fig.  23),  on  each  side  of  Comparison,  which 
occupies  the  center.     The  two  together,  when  both  are  large, 
give  great  fullness  to  that  portion  of  the  forehead,  as  seen  in 
fig.  20. 

2.  FUNCTION.  —  The  faculty  of  Causality  gives  the  percep- 
tion of  the  relation  between  cause  and  effect,  "  the  why  and 
wherefore."     Comparison  seizes  the  general  relations  between 

*  William  F.  Morgan,  D.D.,  is  rector  of  St.  Thomas1  Church  (Episcopalian)  in  New 
York,  and  is  greatly  respected  and  esteemed  by  all  who  know  him. 

t  Rev.  W.  B.  Hayden  is  a  preacher  of  note  in  the  Swedenborgian  denomination,  and 
the  author  of  several  works  on  subjects  connected  with  New  Church  doctrines. 


THE    OttGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.     115 

objects,  but  Causality  ascends  beyond  juxtaposition  and  rela- 
tions; it  penetrates  the  manner  in  which  effects  and  their 
causes  are  connected  together,  seizes  the  action  of  one  body 
on  another,  and  traces  the  result  of  that  action.  It  impresses 
us  with  an  irresistible  conviction,  that  every  phenomenon  or 
change  in  nature  is  caused  by  something,  and  hence,  by  suc- 
cessive steps,  leads  us  to  the  great  Cause  of  all.  It  is  also 
creative,  producing  originality  and  forethought,  and  ability 
to  adapt  means  to  ends. 

3.  ILLUSTRATIVE   EXAMPLES. — Dr.   Gall   speaks   of  a   cast 
molded  on  the  head  of  Kant,  the  great. metaphysical  philos- 
opher, after  his  death,  in  wThich  he  found  an  extraordinary 
prominence  in  the  region  assigned  to  Causality.     (See  fig.  20.) 
Afterward  he  became  acquainted  with  Fichte,  in  whose  head 
he  found  the  region  still  more  largely  developed  than  in  Kant. 

As  examples  of  large  Causality,  we  may  mention  Plato, 
Socrates,  Bacon,  Montaigne,  Galileo,  Descartes,  Leibnitz, 
Sir  Isaac  Newton,  Franklin,  Cuvier,  Gall,  Napoleon,  Dupuytren, 
Fourier,  Brunei,  and  Webster. 

4.  CULTIVATION. — The    study    of   philosophy    in    all    its 
branches,  and  especially  Phrenology  in  its  theoretical  aspects ; 
planning ;    contriving  ways  and  means ;    meditating  on  the 
laws   of  nature ;    and   trying   to   trace    out   the    connection 
between  observed  phenomena  and  their  causes,  all  serve  to 
exercise  Causality  and  increase  its  power. 

5.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  this  faculty  is  seldom  necessary. 
If  too  active,  divert  the  mind  by  strict  attention  to  practical 
affairs,  cultivating  the  Perceptives. 

XLI.    COMPARISON.       (37.) 

The  invisible  things  of  him  from  the  creation  of  the  world  are  clearly  seen,  being 
understood  by  the  things  that  are  made. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Comparison  is  situated  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  forehead  on  the  middle  line  between  the 
two  sides,  and  generally  just  below  the  roots  of  the  hair,  the 
bottom  being  about  the  center  of  the  forehead  (37,  fig.  23). 
It  is  prominent  in  the  portrait  of  Linna3us,  whose  pursuits 
necessitated  the  constant  exercise  of  the  faculty. 


116 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


2.  FUNCTION. — Comparison  gives  ability  to  perceive  differ- 
ences and  resemblances ;  to  reason  inductively ;  to  analyze, 


FIG.  152.— M.  J.  SPALDING,  D.D.* 


FIG.  153.— JOHN  MCCLOSKEY,  D.D.t 


classify,  compare,  and  draw  inferences ;  and  to  judge  correctly 
of  the  congruousness  of  objects  or  ideas.     It  seems  also  to 

exert  a  harmonizing  influence 
over  the  action  of  all  the  other 
faculties. 

3.  ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLES. 
— Among  nations,  it  is  very 
large  in  the  French  and  in  the 
Irish.  Thomas  Moore  may  be 
instanced  as  one  of  the  best 
examples  of  its  manifestation 
in  literary  composition.  "  The 
harp  that  once  through  Tara's 
halls,"  illustrates  his  use  of 
Comparison  as  a  figure  of 

speech.     Another  short  poem — "  Though  fate,  my  girl,  may 
bid  us  part" — is  almost  entirely  made  up  of  a  description  and 

*  Dr.  Spalding  is  Archbishop  of  Baltimore  and  Primate  of  the  Eoman  Catholic 
Church  in  the  United  States.  His  "  History  of  the  Reformation"  is  one  of  the  standard 
works  of  his  church. 

t  Dr.  McCloskey,  second  Archbishop  of  New  York,  is  considered  one  of  the  most 
polished  pulpit  orators  in  the  Catholic  Church,  and  he  is  noted  for  his  kindness  of 
heart  and  active  benevolence. 


FIG.  154.— LINNAEUS. 


THE    ORGANS    AND    THEIR   FUNCTIONS.     117 

comparison  of  conditions.     The  following  often-quoted  lines 
are  likewise  in  point: 

"  When  I  remember  all 

The  friends  so  linked  together, 
I've  seen  around  me  fall, 

Like  leaves  in  wintry  weather ; 
I  feel  like  one  who  treads  alone 

Some  banquet  hall  deserted, 
Whose  lights  are  fled,  whose  garlands  dead, 

And  all  but  he  departed." 

Comparison  was  large  in  the  heads  of  Curran,  Burke,  Pitt, 
Chalmers,  Franklin,  Roscoe,  Hume,  Jeffrey,  Patrick  Henry, 
Clay,  John  Quincy  Adams,  and  Webster. 

The  teachings  of  the  Bible  are  addressed  to  this  faculty  in 
an  eminent  degree,  being  replete  with  analogies  and  com- 
parisons ;  as  "  Unto  what  is  the  kingdom  of  God  like,  and 
whereunto  shall  I  resemble  it  ?  It  is  like  a  grain  of  mustard 
seed,"  etc.  "  It  is  like  leaven,"  etc. 

4.  CULTIVATION. — Studying  logic,  mental  philosophy  (phre- 
nologically,  of  course),  chemistry,  botany,  etc.,  or  the  con- 
stant exercise  of  one's  analytical  powers  in  any  branch  of 
study  or  business,  may  be  made  subservient  to  the  develop- 
ment of  this  faculty. 

5.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  is  not  necessary. 

XLII.    HUMAN   NATURE.       (c.) 

Behold,  I  know  your  thoughts,  and  the  devices  which  ye  wrongfully  imagine 
against  me. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Human  Nature  is  situated  on 
the  median  line  of  the  forehead,  between  Comparison  and 
Benevolence  (C,  fig.  23). 

2.  FUNCTION. — The  function  of  this  organ  is  to  furnish  us 
with  an  intuitive  knowledge  of  character,  or  to  enable  us  to 
perceive  the  state  of  mind  or  feeling  possessed  by  others,  so 
that  we  may  successfully  adapt  ourselves  to  them  and  operate 
upon  their  feelings.     It  gives  sagacity,  and  is  possessed  in  a 
very  remarkable  degree  by  our  North  American  Indians.     It 
was  large  in  Napoleon  and  in  old  Hayes,  the  great  rogue- 
catcher  and  detective  of  New  York,  as  it  is  also  in  Gen,  Grant, 


118  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

3.  CULTIVATION. — No  better  means  can  be  made  use  of  to 
improve  this  faculty  than  to  make  human  nature  a  study, 
using  Phrenology  and  Physiognomy  as  guides  in  its  prosecu- 
tion. Observe  every  one  you  meet,  and  note  the  expression, 

LARGE.  MODERATE. 


FIG.  155.— THEO.  L.  CUTLER.*  FIG.  156.— Jos.  T.  DuRYEA.t 

tones,  and  actions  of  each,  and  try  to  read  them  as  you  might 
an  open  book. 

4.  RESTRAINT. — If  too  suspicious,  by  reason  of  over-large 
Cautiousness  and  large  or  perverted  Human  Nature,  one  must 
cultivate  Benevolence,  Hope,  and  Conscientiousness,  and  try 
to  take  a  kinder,  more  lenient,  cheerful,  and  j  aster  view  of  his 
fellow-men. 

XLIII.    AGREE  ABLENESS.        (D.) 

A  soft  answer  turneth  away  wrath,  but  grievous  words  stir  up  anger. 

1.  LOCATION. — The  organ  of  Agreeableness  is  situated  in 
the  upper  edge  of  the  forehead  (D,  fig.  23).  It  lies  directly 
over  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye  and  about  two  inches  above 
the  ridge  of  the  eyebrow.  It  is  apt  to  be  marked  by  a 
depression  in  the  American  head ;  but  is  prominent  in  the 
French,  who  are  said  to  be  the  most  polite. 

*  Rev.  Theodore  L.  Cuyler  is  pastor  of  the  Lafayette  Avenue  Preshyterian  Church  in 
Brooklyn.  He  is  one  of  the  most  popular  preachers  in  the  United  States. 

t  Rev.  Joseph  T.  Duryea,  lately  one  of  the  pastors  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  Church 
in  New  York,  BOW  of  Brooklyn,  is  a  young  man  of  brilliant  powers  and  of  great  promise, 


THE  ORGANS  AND  THEIR  FUNCTIONS. 

2.  FUNCTION. — It  imparts  the  ability  to  make  one's  self 
acceptable  to  others,  and  to  adopt  a  persuasive  and  con- 
ciliatory mode  of  address  and  pleasant  manners.  One  who 
has  it  large  can  utter  even  the  most  unwelcome  truths  with- 
out giving  oifense ;  and  with  large  Imitation  and  Benevolence, 


FIG.  157.— SCHUYLKR  COLFAX.*  FIG.  158.— FRANK  P.  BLAIR,  jR.t 

to  which  it  is  closely  allied  in  location,  is  sure  to  be  a  genera1 
favorite,  especially  if  the  social  organs  be  large. 

3.  CULTIVATION. — The  study  and  constant  practice  of  the 
art  of  politeness,  which  has  its  foundation  in  this  organ  in 
conjunction   with   Benevolence   and   Conscientiousness,  will 
tend  to  arouse  the   spirit   of  Agreeableness.     By  acting  in 
such  a  way  as  to  make  ourselves,  so  far  as  possible,  agreeable 
to  those  around  us,  we  shall  in  time  come  to  feel  agreeable, 
and  shall  develop  the  organ  of  that  feeling.     [See  our  hand- 
book, "  How  to  Behave,"];  for  lessons  in  politeness,  and  the 
study  of  a  courteous  deportment.] 

4.  RESTRAINT. — To  restrain  is  not  necessary. 


*  An  American  politician  and  statesman  of  fine  ability  and  strong  personal  inf  uence. 

t  A  general  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  American  Civil  War ;  not  noted  for 
suavity  of  manners. 

%  "How  to  Behave,1'  A  Pocket  Manual  of  Republican  Etiquette  and  Guide  to  Correct 
Personal  Habits,  with  Rules  for  Debating  Societies  and  Deliberative  Assemblies. 
Price,  75  cents ;  or,  in  connection  with  "How  to  Write,  How  to  Talk,  and  How  tp  Ity 
Business,"  complete  in  one  rojume,  $2  25, 


120  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

V. 

THE  ART  OF  CHARACTER  READING. 


I.    PHYSIOLOGICAL   CONDITIONS. 

[N  character  reading,  as  in 
everything  else,  it  is  im- 
portant that  we  begin  in 
the  right  place — at  the  begin- 
ning—and that,  having  begun 
rightly,  we  proceed  step  by 
step  according  to  the  natural 
sequence  of  the  points  to  be 
considered.  "  Order  is  heaven's 
first  law,"  and  by  means  of 
method  we  make  simple  and 
easy  what  at  first  sight  seems 
complicated  and  difficult. 

1.  SIZE. — Size,  you  will  re- 
FIG.  159.— ANDREW  JACKSON.  .  . 

member,   other    things    being 

equal,  is  the  measure  of  power.  Having  the  living  subject 
before  you,  commence  by  considering  his  or  her  size — the  size 
ef  the  person  as  a  whole.  How  does  it  compare  with  the 
average  development  of  the  race,  nation,  and  sex  to  which 
the  subject  belongs.  Having  settled  this  point  in  your  mind, 
you  have  the  first  element  of  the  combination  which  is  to 
determine  your  estimate  of  character. 

2.  QUALITY. — Having  determined  the  size,  your  next  in° 
quiry  should  be,  "  What  is  the  Quality  ?"  Quality  is  mainly 
a  matter  of  temperament.  What,  then,  is  the  temperament 
of  the  subject  ?  We  have  described  the  Temperaments,  and 
shall  take  it  for  granted  that  you  know  how  to  distinguish 
them ;  but,  to  make  the  matter  still  plainer,  if  possible,  we 
will  restate  and  illustrate  in  a  somewhat  different  form,  look- 


THE    AKT    OF    CHARACTER    READING. 


FIG.  ISO.— THE  ENGLISH  GIRL. 


ing  at  the  subject  in  its  physiognomical  as  well  as  its  physio- 
logical and  phrenological  aspects. 

Each  temperament  has  a  configuration  peculiar  to  itself;  so 

that  the  general  outlines  of  the 
person,  or  of  any  part  of  it,  will 
indicate  to  which  the  subject 
belongs.  Take  the  head  (in- 
cluding the  face)  as  an  example. 
Observe  its  configuration  as  seen 
in  front  and  in  profile. 

3.  THE  VITAL  TEMPERAMENT. 
— We  will  suppose,  for  instance, 
that  the  subject  before  you  has  a 
face  and  head  which,  in  the  front 
view,  present  a  nearly  circular 
outline,  like  fig.  160.  The  profile 
will  show  the  same  tendency  to 
roundness  as  in  fig.  161 ;  and 
this  will  be  the  character  of  the  whole  physical  system — the 
body  and  limbs  being  pvump  and  full,  and  the  whole  figure 
broad  and  stout  rather  than  long  and  slender. 

Now,  you  may  at  once  conclude  that  your  subject  has  a 
predominance  of  the  Vital  Temperament,  and 
this  fact  will  furnish  the  key  to  his  or  her 
character. 

There  will  be  great  vigor,  a  good  digestion, 
love  of  fresh  air  and  exercise,  and  a  fondness 
for  good  living  and  physical  enjoyments  gener- 
ally, with  a  disinclination  to  hard  and  pro- 
tracted labor. 

Mentally,  you  may  look  for  ardor,  impulsive- 
ness, enthusiasm,  and  versatility,  if  not  fickle- 
ness. There  will  be  more  diligence  than  per- 
sistence, and  more  brilliancy  than  depth.  There  _ 

.  ,  J  FIG.  161.— PBOFIL*. 

may  be  a  quick  and  violent  temper,  but  it  will 

be  easily  calmed,  and  in  general  the  disposition  will  be  cheer- 
ful, amiable,  and  genial. 

4.  THE  MOTIVE  TEMPERAMENT. — Perhaps  your  next  sub- 

6 


122 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


ject  will  have  a  face  like  figs.  159  and  162,  in  which  length 
is  the  predominant  characteristic.  The  profile  will  present 
strong  angular  lines,  as  in  fig.  163,  in  place  of  the  curves 
which  prevail  in  the  previous  illustration.  The  figure  will  bo 


FIG.  162.— HON.  MR.  JULIAN,  M.C. 


FIG.  163.— PROFILE. 


found  to  be  tall  and  striking,  with  a  manifest  tendency  to 
angularity,  as  in  the  features. 

In  this  case  you  have  the  Motive  Temperament  before  you, 
and  may  infer  density  and  firmness  of  texture  in  all  the 
organs,  and  great  strength  and  endurance  in  the  physical 
system,  with  energy,  capacity  for  work,  and  a  strongly 
marked  character,  in  which  executiveness,  love  of  power, 
stability,  persistence,  and  directness  are  noticeable  traits. 
There  may  be,  though  not  necessarily,  an  objectionable 
degree  of  hardness  and  coarseness ;  but  we  shall  generally 
find  a  degree  of  firmness  and  constancy  which  may  be  relied 
on  in  business,  in  friendship,  or  in  love.  This  temperament 
and  form  of  face  are  less  common  among  women  than  among 
men,  and  the  characteristics  we  have  named  are  of  course 
subject  to  the  modifications  superinduced  by  sex  and  age. 

5.  THE  MENTAL  TEMPERAMENT. — A  third  form  of  face  it 
shown  in  fig.  164.  It  may  be  called  the  pyriform  or  pear- 
shaped  face,  of  which  the  profile  is  less  rounded  than  in  fig. 
161,  less  angular  than  in  fig.  163,  and  more  delicate  tbao 


THE    ART    OF    CHARACTER    READING.     123 


either,  as  in  fig.  165.  As  it  is  the  expansion  of  the  superior 
parts  of  the  face,  including  the  forehead,  which  gives  the  pyri- 
form  shape  to  the  whole  in  the  front  view,  you  may  without 
looking  farther  set  down  your  subject  who  presents  this  form 
as  having  a  predominance  of  the  Mental  Temperament.  You 


PIG.  164.— RACHEL.  FIG.  165.— PROFILE. 

will  find  the  figure  in  this  case  slender  and  delicate  rather 
than  elegant  or  striking.  The  indications  are  great  mental 
activity,  a  lively  imagination,  fine  sensibilities,  refinement, 
delicacy,  taste,  and  literary  or  artistic  talent. 

Of  course  these  forms  and  the  temperaments  they  indicate 
occur  in  all  degrees  of  development  and  in  combinations 
innumerable,  and  are  modified  by  the  state  of  the  health  and 
other  conditions  already  noted.  You  will  learn  in  time  to 
attribute  to  each  its  proper  strength  and  influence.  See  what 
is  said  on  Balance  of  Temperaments  (Chap.  II.,  Sec.  II.),  also 
High  and  LOAV  Quality  (Chap.  II.,  Sec.  III.). 

In  connection  with  Temperament,  Breathing  Power,  Circu- 
lation, Digestion,  Activity,  Excitability,  and  General  Health, 
must  be  noted  by  means  of  the  indications  we  have  given  in 
Chap.  II. 

Having  proceeded  thus  far,  you  have  a  good  general  idea 
of  the  capacity  and  tendencies  of  the  person  before  you-  '-the 
outlines,  as  it  were,  of  the  character. 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

II.    THE    GJROtirS    OF    ORGANS. 

You  should  next  seek  to  estimate  the  power  of  the  brain, 
as  a  wkole.  You  have  already  taken  into  account  the  element 
of  size  in  the  person,  as  a  whole,  and  have 
considered  the  brain  in  its  influence  upon 
temperament.  Get  now  its  absolute  size 
by  measurement,*  and  then  proceed  to 
ascertain  the  relative  development  of  its 
different  parts  or  regions.  Which  pre- 
dominates ?  the  Region  of  Propensity,  the 
Region  of  Intellect,  or  the  Spiritual  Region  ? 
If  Intellect  be  the  leading  development, 
FIG.  166.— THREE  the  forehead  and  whole  anterior  compart- 
ment of  the  cranium,  as  marked  on  the 
diagram  (fig.  168),  will  be  deep  and  broad,  as  in  fig.  167. 
Here  the  posterior  compartment  or  Region  of  Propensity  is 
short  and  narrow,  and  the  Superior  or  Spiritual  Region  (seat 
of  the  Moral  Sentiments)  only  moderately  developed.  If 
your  subject  have  a  forehead  like  this,  you  will  infer  that  he 
is  both  an  observer  and  a  thinker  of  more  than  ordinary 
capacity. 

If  the  lower  part  of  the  forehead  predominate,  as  in  fig.  169, 
perception  will  be  found  in  the  ascendant;  and  if  the  upper 
portion  be  largest,  as  in  fig.  168,  there  will  be  more  thought- 
fulness  or  reflection  and  less  observation — more  philosophy 
and  less  science — more  of  the  theoretical  than  of  the  practical. 
The  predominance  of  the  propensities  gives  breadth  to  the 
base  of  the  brain  between  and  behind  the  ears,  as  in  fig.  170, 
and  length  to  the  posterior  lobe,  as  in  fig.  171.  From  the 
lateral  development  you  will  infer  appetite,  energy,  economy, 

*  In  measuring  the  head  as  here  suggested,  pass  the  tape  around  it  horizontally 
about  an  inch  above  the  eyebrows,  or  so  that  it  will  pass  over  the  organs  of  Individu- 
ality and  Parental  Love.  This  will  give  some  idea  of  the  size,  of  the  head ;  but  the  fact 
that  some  heads  are  round,  others  long,  some  low,  and  others  high,  so  modifies  these 
measurements  that  they  do  not  convey  any  very  correct  notion  of  the  actual  quantity 
of  brain.  These  measurements  range  somewhat  as  follows  in  adults : 

T  or  Very  Large,  24  inches  and  upward  ;  6  or  Large,  from  23  to  23}  ;  5  or  Full 
from  22  to  22* ;  4  or  Average,  from  21  to  21  i ;  3  or  Moderate,  from  20  to  20*  ;  2  or 
Small,  from  19  to  19*  ;  1  Below,  19.  Female  beads  are  half  an  inch  to  an  inch  below 
these  measurements,  corresponding  with  their  bodies. 


THE  ART  OF  CHARACTER  READING. 


policy — a   disposition    to   preserve,  provide  for,  and   defend 
one's  self.     The  extent  backward  from  the  ear  indicates  the 

power  of  the  social  element,  INTELLECTUAL. 

and  gives  the  fraternal,  af- 
fectionate, loving,  domestic, 
and  patriotic  disposition 

Development  obliquely 
upward  from  the  ear,  or 
in  the  superior  part  of  the 
posterior  region,  giving 
height  and  breadth  to  that 
portion  of  the  head  (of 
which  also  fig.  171  affords 
an  illustration),  imparts 
prudence,  aspiration,  dig- 
nity, pride,  self-reliance, 
arid  love  of  distinction,  FlG-  167.— WILKIE  COLLINS.* 

power,  and  position.     If  the  coronal  region,  or  top-head,  pre- 


THOUGHTFUL. 


OBSERVING. 


FIG.  168.— HEPWORTH  DixoN.t  FIG.  169.— A  LOWLANDEB. 

dominate,  as  in  fig.  172,  in  which  it  will  be  seen  that  the 

*  An  English  novelist  and  miscellaneous  writer,  noted  for  his  skill  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  plot  in  his  fictions.  "  After  Dark,"  "  The  Dead  Secret,"  and  "  The  Womaa 
in  White"  are  among  his  most  popular  works. 

t  An  English  journalist  and  author,  best  known  here  through  his  "  New  America," 


126 


HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 


height  from  the  opening  of  the  ear  to  the  apex  of  the  head  is 
very  great,  you  may  assume  that  the  subject  has  a  strono- 


EXECUTIVE. 


SPIRITUALLY   MINDED. 


FIG.  170.— GENERAL  JOSEPH  HOOKER.*         FIG.  171.— THEODOSIA  BURR  ALLSTON.t 

natural  tendency  toward  a  moral  and  religious  life — to  manL 
fest  faith,  hope,  and  charity — to  reverence  God  and  his  laws, 
and  to  aspire  after  purity  and  holiness. 

Having  ascertained  which  of  the 
groups  of  organs,  as  a  whole,  pre- 
dominate, your  next  step  should  be  to 
determine  the  controlling  organ  in 
that  group.  "  If  it  be  Conscientious- 
ness in  the  moral  group,  and  that  is 
the  controlling  group  of  the  brain,  then 
everything  must  be  squared  according 
to  the  rule  of  rectitude.  If  Benevo- 
lence is  the  controlling  organ  in  that 
group,  then  everything  must  be  gov- 
erned according  to  the  spirit  of  kind- 
ness and  sympathy.  If  Veneration  be 
the  strongest,  then  there  is  a  tendency 
to  think  of  God  and  to  reverence  his  authority;  if  Conscien- 
tiousness lead  the  person  to  be  honest,  it  is  for  God's  sake ; 

*  Known  in  the  Union  Army,  in  the  American  Civil  War,  as  "  fighting  Joe  Hooker." 
t  Daughter  of  Aaron  Burr. 

$  Rev.  Benjamin  Szold  is  a  Jewish  Rabbi  of  Baltimore,  but  by  birth  a  Hungarian, 
and  is  distinguished  for  piety  and  learning. 


FIG.  172.— BENJ. 


THE    ART    OF    CHARACTER    READING.     127 

if  through  Benevolence  he  become  a  benefactor,  it  is  for  God'a 
sake ;  his  Spirituality  begets  a  yearning  for  the  life  to  come, 
because  God  is  the  light  thereof;  Hope  fixes  its  aspiration  upon 
the  Father  of  all,  and  thus  he  inclines  to  walk  with  God  and 
have  his  conversation  in  heaven.  This,  at  least,  will  be  the 
form  of  his  piety  and  the  tendency  of  his  moral  life. 

"In  the  selfish  group,  with  Acquisitiveness  predominating, 
energy,  skill,  and  executive  force  will  back  up  that  element, 
and  money-making,  though  it  may  be  honestly  done,  will 
seem  to  be  the  great  drift  of  the  person's  life." 

As  the  predominant  group  determines  the  general  tend- 
encies of  the  mind,  so  the  strongest  organ  in  that  group 
influences  the  action  of  all  the  rest.  In  this  way,  if  the  faculty 
which  inspires  ambition  be  strong,  the  talent,  skill,  energy, 
enterprise,  prudence,  policy,  friendship,  affection,  all  incline 
toward  and  sustain  ambition. 

A  perfectly  balanced  brain  will  seldom,  if  ever,  be  found ; 
but  supposing  one  to  be  in  equilibrium,  then  the  course  of 
action  wThich  a  person  thus  endowed  would  pursue,  would 
be  determined  by  the  paramount  external  influence.  Being 
equally  fitted  for  business,  law,  medicine,  mechanism,  teach- 
ing, literature,  and  art,  he  would  become  what  circumstances 
should  render  most  desirable  at  the  time.  You  will  meet 
with  approximations  to  this  perfect  balance  of  the  elements 
of  character,  and  the  individuals  in  whom  it  occurs  will  be 
capable  of  succeeding  in  almost  any  branch  of  human  effort. 

Having  thus  completed  your  general  observations,  you  will 
be  prepared  to  examine  the  individual  organs  for  the  purposa 
of  ascertaining  the  size  of  each,  observing  at  the  same  time 
the  corresponding  physiognomical  sign,  where  such  a  sign 
has  been  ascertained  to  exist ;  but  in  comparing  the  one  with 
the  other,  it  should  be  understood  that  while  the  brain  (sub- 
ject always  to  the  conditions  we  have  noted)  measures  the 
absolute  power  of  the  mind,  the  face  is  rather  an  index  of  its 
habitual  activity,  and  that  the  two  sets  of  indications,  taken 
either  collectively  or  individually,  are  not  necessarily  equal ; 
in  other  words,  there  may  be  latent  power — mental  capacity 
not  manifested  in  the  character  or  showu  in  the  face. 


128  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

If,  therefore,  the  sign  of  a  faculty  be  large  in  the  face,  and 
its  phrenological  organ  at  the  same  time  be  moderate  or 
small,  there  will  be  more  activity  than  endurance  or  continu- 
ance in  its  characteristic  manifestation;  while,  on  the  other 
hand,  if  the  phrenological  sign  show  more  development  than 
the  physiognomical,  there  will  be  more  endurance  than  activity. 
In  the  first  case  there  will  be  a  higher  degree  of  manifesta- 
tion  than  the  brain,  considered  by  itself,  would  warrant  us  in 
counting  upon.  In  the  second  there  would  be  less,  a  certain 
amount  of  power  continually  remaining  latent ;  and  this  prin^ 
ciple  accounts  for  a  large  share  of  the  misconception  which 
exists  in  regard  to  both  Phrenology  and  Physiognomy.* 

In  seeking  to  determine  the  size  of  the  organs,  you  must 
not  be  guided  merely  by  the  undulations  on  the  surface  01 
the  head.  Phrenology  is  not  "  bumpology."  You  must  not 
look  for  hills,  hollows,  and  protuberances  (though  you  will 
sometimes  find  them),  but  judge  the  length  of  brain  fibers 
from  the  medulla  oblongata — the  center  of  the  brainf — to  the 
surface,  where  the  organs  are  located  in  a  manner  analogous 
to  the  estimation  of  the  size  of  a  wagon  wheel  by  the  length 
of  its  spokes. 

We  have  pointed  out  the  location  of  all  the  organs  in 
Chap.  IV.,  and  the  student  who  has  studied  that  chapter 
carefully  in  connection  with  the  symbolical  head  and  the 
phrenological  bust,  which  every  one  should  possess,  will,  after 
the  necessary  practice,  experience  little  difficulty  in  finding 
them.  Some  further  directions  in  regard  to  a  few  important 
points,  however,  may  be  useful. 

III.    HOW   TO  FIND  THE   ORGANS. 

The  locations  of  the  perceptive  organs  and  most  of  the 
others  lying  at  the  base  of  the  brain  are  readily  determined, 
by  means  of  our  diagrams  (figs.  22  and  23)  and  descriptions ; 
the  eyes,  the  eyebrows,  the  ears,  or  the  occipital  protuberance, 


*  See  "  New  Physiognomy ;  or,  Signs  of  Character  as  manifested  through  Tempera- 
ment and  External  Forms,  and  especiaUy  in  the  Human  Face  Divine."     With  more 
than  a  thousand  engravings.    By  S.  R.  Wells,  New  York. 

*  See  Description  of  th*  Skull  and  the  Brain  in  our  Introduction. 


THE    ART    OF    CHARACTER    READING.     129 

as  the  case  may  be,  furnishing  a  convenient  point  of  departure 
from  which  each  may  be  reached  with  little  chance  for  error. 
The  exact  situations  of  those  lying  farther  from  these  fixed 
points  are  less  easily  determined  by  the  beginner. 

Drawing  a  line  perpendicularly  upward  from  the  opening 
of  the  ear,  you  first  cross  Destructiveness,  which  lies  above 
and  partly  behind  the  ear.  When  large,  there  will  be  great 
width  of  brain  between  the  ears,  and  a  swelling  out  of  the 
organ,  just  over  the  orifice  of  the  ear,  say  the  size  of  one  half 
of  a  common  peach  pit ;  when  small,  the  head  will  be  narrow 
between  the  ears,  with  no  protuberance  at  the  point  desig- 
nated. Next  above  this,  and  three  quarters  of  an  inch  from 
the  top  of  the  ear,  you  come  upon  the  fore  part  of  Secretive- 
ness.  Extending  this  line  upward,  you  pass  over  Sublimity 
and  Conscientiousness,  and  at  the  top  of  the  head  strike  the 
fore  part  of  Firmness,  which,  when  large,  gives  a  fullness  to 
the  crown.  Taking  this  as  another  fixed  point,  you  can 
readily  determine  the  location  of  the  other  organs,  on  the 
median  line,  and  each  side  of  it.  Between  Self-Esteem  and 
Inhabitiveness,  on  this  central  line,  is  Concentrativeness, 
which,  being  generally  small  in  American  heads,  is  usually 
marked  by  a  depression  at  that  point,  and  is  thus  easy  to 
find. 

To  find  Cautiousness,  another  important  point  to  fix  cor- 
rectly in  the  mind,  draw  a  line  perpendicularly  upward  from 
the  back  part  of  the  ear,  and  just  where  the  head  begins  to 
round  off  to  form  the  top,  you  will  come  upon  that  organ. 
It  is  generally  well  developed  in  the  heads  of  our  countrymen, 
and  often  causes  quite  a  prominence  at  that  point.  Forward 
of  Cautiousness,  and  in  a  line  with  it,  are  Sublimity,  Ideality, 
and  Mirthfulness. 

Between  Firmness  and  Benevolence  is  Veneration,  in  the 
center  of  the  top-head.  When  this  middle  part  rounds  out 
and  rises  above  the  parts  next  before  and  behind  it,  Venera- 
tion is  larger  than  Firmness  and  Benevolence.  Below  Vene- 
ration are  the  two  organs  of  Hope  and  Spirituality,  the  latter 
of  which  is  unfortunately  marked  by  a  depression  in  many- 
Protestant  heads. 

a*. 


130  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

Above  Alimentiveness,  and  the  fore  part  of  Destructiveness, 
is  Acquisitiveness,  and  forward  of  that,  Constructiveness. 

A  horizontal  line  drawn  backward  from  the  outer  angle  of 
the  eye  strikes  at  the  center  of  the  back-head  the  upper  part 
of  the  organ  of  Parental  Love.  An  inch  or  a  little  less  below 
this  point  is  the  occipital  protuberance,  which  denotes  by  iti 
degree  of  development  the  power  of  endurance,  and  activity 
of  the  muscular  system.  It  is  large  in  great  walkers — pedes- 
trians, and  in  foxhounds,  horses,  etc.  On  each  side  of  this, 
and  just  below,  is  the  organ  of  Amativeness,  giving  thickness 
to  the  neck  below  and  between  the  ears. 

With  these  points  fixed  in  the  mind,  the  student  will  be 
enabled  to  carry  out  for  himself  the  plan  we  have  indicated 
for  finding  the  organs ;  but  he  must  bear  in  mind  the  fact,  that 
there  are  slight  modifications  in  the  position  of  the  organs  on 
each  head ;  and  he  must  therefore  learn  to  distinguish  the 
form  of  each  and  its  appearance  when  developed  in  different 
proportions  to  the  others. 

We  have  referred  to  our  diagrams,  symbolical  head,  and 
bust,  but  these  can  only  show  the  situation  of  the  organs  on 
some  particular  head,  taken  as  a  model,  and  it  is  impossible 
by  means  of  them  to  convey  more  information  than  we  have 
thus  conveyed.  The  different  appearances  in  all  the  varieties 
of  relative  size  must  be  discovered  by  inspecting  numbers 
of  heads  and  comparing  one  with  another.* 

When  one  organ  is  very  largely  developed,  it  encroaches 
on  the  space  usually  occupied  by  the  neighboring  organs,  the 
situations  of  which  are  thereby  slightly  altered.  When  this 
occurs,  it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  greatest  prominence 
being  near'  the  center  of  the  large  organ,  and  the  swelling 

*  The  student  is  often  at  first  unable  to  perceive  differences  which,  after  a  few 
momths,  become  palpably  manifest  to  him,  and  at  the  former  obscurity  of  which  he  is 
not  a  little  surprised.  The  following  anecdote,  related  by  Dr.  Gall,  is  in  point :  The 
physician  of  the  House  of  Correction  at  Graetz,  in  Styria,  sent  him  a  box  filled  with 
ekulls.  In  unpacking  them,  he  was  so  much  struck  with  the.  extreme  breadth  of  one 
of  them  at  the  anterior  region  of  the  temples,  that  he  exclaimed,  "Mon  Dieu,  quel 
crAne  de  voleurl"— My  God,  what  a  thievish  skull!  Yet  the  physician  had  been 
unable  to  discover  the  organ  of  Acquisitiveness  in  that  skull.  His  letter  to  Dr.  Gall, 

»ent  with  the  box,  was  found  to  contain  this  information :  "  The  skull  marked i» 

that  of  N ,  an  incorrigible  thief.1' 


THE    ART    OF    CHARACTER    READING.     131 

extending  over  a  portion  only  of  the  other.  In  these  cases 
the  shape  should  be  attended  to ;  for  the  form  of  the  organ  is 
then  easily  recognized,  and  is  a  sure  indication  of  the  par- 
ticular one  which  is  largely  developed.  The  observer  should 
learn,  by  inspecting  a  skull,  to  distinguish  the  mastoid  process 
behind  the  ear,  as  also  bony  excrescences  sometimes  formed  by 
the  sutures,  and  several  bony  prominences  which  occur  in  every 
head,  from  elevations  produced  by  development  of  brain. 

In  regard  to  the  employment  of  the  scale  (or  any  scale)  for 
the  numbering  of  the  organs,  it  may  be  remarked  that  each 
examiner  attaches  to  the  terms  Small,  Moderate,  Full,  etc., 
shades  of  meaning  perfectly  known  only  to  himself,  and  it  is 
not  reasonable  to  expect  that  the  markings  or  statements  of 
development  made  by  dhTerent  phrenologists  will  always 
perfectly  agree.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  too,  that  the 
numbers  indicate  merely  the  relative  proportions  of  the 
organs  to  each  other,  on  the  same  head,  and  not  absolute 
size  in  relation  to  some  fixed  standard.*  Besides,  the  shape 
of  one's  head — like  his  features — is  constantly  changing.  If 
one  improves  by  study  or  the  practice  of  an  art,  or  if,  from 
inaction,  one  deteriorates,  it  will  soon  tell  on  both  brain 
and  character,  altering  the  shape  of  the  head.f 


*  It  is  one  object  to  prove  Phrenology  to  be  true,  and  another  to  teach  a  beginner 
how  to  observe  organs.  For  the  first  purpose,  we  do  not  in  general  compare  an  organ 
in  one  head  with  the  same  organ  in  another ;  because  it  is  the  predominance  of  par- 
ticular organs  in  the  same  head  that  gives  ascendency  to  particular  faculties  in  the 
individuals ;  and,  therefore,  improving  Phrenology,  we  usually  compare  the  different 
organs  of  the  same  head.  But  in  learning  to  observe,  it  is  useful  to  contrast  the  same 
organ  in  different  heads,  in  order  to  become  familiar  with  its  appearance  in  different 
sizes  and  combinations.  With  this  view,  it  is  proper  to  begin  with  the  larger  organs ; 
and  two  persons  of  opposite  dispositions  in  the  particular  points  to  be  compared, 
ought  to  be  placed  in  juxtaposition,  and  their  heads  observed.  Thus,  if  we  take  the 
organ  of  Cautiousness,  we  should  examine  its  development  in  those  whom  we  know 
to  be  remarkable  for  timidity,  doubt,  andvhesitation;  and  we  should  contrast  its 
appearance  with  that  which  it  presents  in  individuals  remarkable  for  precipitancy, 
and  into  whose  minds  doubt  or  fear  rarely  enters :  or  a  person  who  is  passionately 
fond  of  children  may  be  compared,  in  regard  to  the  organ  of  Philoprogenitivenesa, 
with  another  who  regards  them  as  an  intolerable  annoyance. — Combe. 

t  If  the  student  desire  to  find  the  truth,  he  will  consider  first  the  general  principles, 
developed  in  the  present  work,  and  the  presumptions  for  and  against  them,  arising 
from  admitted  facts  in  mental  philosophy  and  physiology.  He  will  next  proceed  to 
make  observations  in  nature,  in  the  forms,  situations,  appearances,  and  functions  of 
the  organs. 


132  HOW    TO    BEAD    CHARACTER. 

VI. 

PRACTICAL    APPLICATION. 


I.    CTTI  BONO? 

fF  self-knowledge  be,  as  wise  men  in  all  ages  have  con- 
sidered it,  the  most  important  and  useful  of  all  learning, 
then  Phrenology,  which  furnishes  the  key  to  this 
knowledge,  is  the  most  important  and  useful  of  all  sciences. 
It  enables  us  to  measure  our  own  capacity,  to  ascertain  our 
strong  and  our  weak  points,  to  learn  what  sins  most  easily 
beset  us,  and  what  course  to  pursue  to  guard  against  them 
and  promote  virtue,  purity,  and  holiness — how  to  cultivate 
the  faculties  which  are  deficient  or  inactive,  and  how  to 
restrain  or  control  excessive  or  perverted  action.  Knowing 
ourselves  aright,  we  can  set  about  the  work  of  self-improve- 
ment understandingly  and  with  the  best  prospects  of  full 
success. 

Next  to  a  knowledge  of  ourselves  is  that  of  our  fellow-men, 
and  especially  of  those  with  whom  we  live  in  close  relations 
of  love,  friendship,  or  business,  and  with  whom  we  are  brought 
into  daily  and  hourly  contact.  Much  of  our  happiness  and 
of  our  success  in  life  depends  upon  the  character  of  our  inter- 
course with  them.  To  make  that  intercourse  pleasant  and 
profitable  we  must  understand  their  characters.  Phrenology 
enables  us  to  do  this,  and  thus  makes  us  masters  of  the  situation. 

II.    PHRENOLOGY   AND   MATRIMONY. 

The  proper  destiny  of  every  well-organized  man  and  woman 
is  to  love  and  marry,  and  it  is  in  marriage,  where  the  con- 
ditions are  such  as  the  laws  of  nature,  written  on  our  organ- 
ization, demand,  that  the  highest  degree  of  usefulness  and 
happiness  is  attainable.  But  men  and  women  too  often  love 
"  not  wisely  but  too  well,"  and  marriage,  if  love  lead  to  that, 
proves  a  terrible,  irremediablejmsta/je.  Why  is  this  ?  Because 


PRACTICAL    APPLICATION.  133 

they  neither  know  themselves  or  the  persons  of  the  other  sex 
to  whom  they  blindly  give  their  hearts.  Cupid  is  blind.  Love 
between  the  sexes  is  a  feeling,  an  impulse,  a  propensity.  In  its 
proper  sphere  it  is,  like  all  other  faculties,  good  and  conducive 
to  human  happiness  and  welfare;  but  it  needs  the  guidance  of 
intellect  and  the  elevating  and  sanctifying  influences  of  the 
moral  sentiments.  Phrenology,  j  udiciously  applied,  enables  the 
young  man  to  judge  whether  the  charmer  who  has  attracted  his 
attention  and  won  his  admiration  by  some  grace  of  person  or 
of  mind,  is  fitted  by  organization  to  make  him  happy ;  and 
the  young  woman  has  in  it  a  friendly  counselor  in  her  "  affairs 
of  the  heart."  Knowing  her  own  physical  and  mental  con- 
stitution, she  will  be  able  to  determine  to  whom  she  may 
safely  give  her  affections  and  her  hand.  He  or  she,  then,  who 
would  love  both  wisely  and  well,  should  allow  reason,  in- 
structed by  science,  to  be  his  <y  ver  o-uide. 

III.    APPLICATION   TO    EDUCATION. 

The  parent  and  the  teacher  will  find  Phrenology  an  invalu- 
able guide  in  the  training  of  the  young.  What  folly  can  be 
greater  than  that  of  applying  the  same  sort  of  discipline  and 
mode  of  culture  to  all  ctildren  alike ;  yet  the  teacher  or  the 
parent  who  knows  nothing  of  Phrenology  is  almost  sure  to 
fall  into  this  error.  On  the  other  hand,  those  who  have  taken 
Phrenology  as  a  guide,  adapt  their  teachings  to  the  peculiar 
mental  organization  of  each  pupil,  and  in  governing  him  are 
not  at  a  loss  to  what  faculties  to  appeal  when  he  needs  to  be 
restrained  or  brought  back  from  any  wrong  course.  They  do 
not  strive  to  suppress  any  faculty,  knowing  that  all  are  God- 
given  and  bestowed  for  a  good  purpose;  but  they  aim  to 
educate  and  discipline  them,  bringing,  if  possible,  the  lower 
into  due  subordination  to  the  higher.  No  one  is  well  fitted 
to  become  a  teacher  or  a  parent  who  does  not  understand  the 
science  of  the  mind  and  the  art  of  character  reading. 

IV.    CHOICE    OF    A    PURSUIT. 

In  choosing  a  pursuit,  our  science  is  of  the  utmost  value, 
dome  persons  are  fitted  for  one  thing  and  some  for  another. 


134  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

A  few  are  found  who  can  do  almost  anything — are  nearly  as 
well  fitted  for  one  branch  of  business  as  another.  Phrenology 
enables  us  to  decide  what  pursuit  to  choose  for  a  child.  We 
consult  his  organization  and  find  out  what  his  natural 
tendencies,  tastes,  and  capacities  are,  and  instead  of  making 
a  poor  preacher  an  indifferent  lawyer,  or  a  blundering  doctor 
of  a  youth  whom  nature  intended  for  a  first-rate  mechanic, 
engineer,  or  business  man,  we  allow  the  boy's  own  natural 
predilections  to  be  our  guide  in  choosing  a  calling  for  him. 

VI.    THE   PROFESSIONS. 

The  clergyman  finds  his  usefulness  greatly  enhanced  by  a 
knowledge  of  Phrenology,  as  it  enables  him  to  understand 
the  mental  peculiarities  of  his  parishioners,  and  to  adapt  his 
teachings  and  admonitions  to  individual  cases,  so  that  his 
appeals  are  understood  and  felt.  To  the  physician  it  proves 
not  less  useful  as  a  guide  in  the  treatment  of  his  various 
patients,  no  two  of  whom  are  organized  exactly  alike.  In  all 
cases  he  finds  that  the  mind  affects  the  body  in  one  way  or 
another,  either  promoting  or  retarding  recovery,  and  that  the 
mode  and  degree  of  its  action  depend  upon  the  relative 
development  of  different  parts  of  the  brain.  Fully  compre- 
hending these  conditions,  he  is  enabled  to  make  the  patient's 
mental  activity  an  ally  instead  of  an  enemy  in  the  curative 
process.  The  lawyer  confessedly  owes  much  of  his  success 
to  a  thorough  knowledge  of  human  nature,  and  in  no  way 
can  he  so  well  obtain  this  knowledge  as  through  the  medium 
of  Phrenology  and  Physiognomy.  The  merchant  may  make 
use  of  it  in  choosing  his  clerks  and  other  assistants,  so  as  to 
secure  honesty  and  business  talent ;  the  mechanic  who  under- 
stands Phrenology  will  not  take  for  an  apprentice  a  boy  who 
is  poorly  developed  in  Constructiveness  and  Imitation  or  who 
has  a  weak  constitution;  and  the  farmer  will  look  for  a  love 
of  animals,  an  interest  in  plants,  and  a  delight  in  the  free,  un« 
conventional  life  of  the  country  to  adapt  a  young  man  to  the 
profession  of  agriculture.  The  statesman,  the  military  com- 
mander, the  actor,  the  artist,  and  the  mechanic,  all  need  a 
knowledge  of  it,  and  may  profit  greatly  by  its  teachings. 


OBJECTIONS    TO    PHKENOLOGY.          135 

TIL 
OBJECTIONS  TO  PHRENOLOGY. 


>HE  truth  of  Phrenology  having  long  since  been  demon 
strated,  all  objections  to  it  are  futile,  and  hardly 
deserve  to  be  cited  in  a  work  like  this.  Every  truth 
must  be  consistent  with  all  other  truths.  Truth  is  always 
safe.  It  is  error  that  is  dangerous  and  subversive  of  morality 
and  religion.  But  as  old  objections  to  our  science  continue 
to  be  reiterated  in  certain  quarters,  and  as  some  of  our  readers 
may  not  have  seen  the  answers  which  have  been  made  to 
them,  and  in  which  their  utter  groundlessness  has  been  shown, 
we  have  decided  to  notice  briefly  a  few  of  the  more  common 
and  plausible  of  them. 

1.  NUMBER  OF  THE  FACULTIES. — "Phrenologists  do  not  agree  in 
regard  to  the  number  of  the  faculties,  and  are  constantly  adding  to 
them,  showing  that  there  is  nothing  fixed  or  certain  about  the  system." 

Answer. — The  differences  among  phrenologists  in  reference 
to  the  number  of  faculties,  are  not  greater  but  less  than 
among  the  teachers  of  other  systems  of  mental  philosophy. 
In  neither  case  does  the  circumstance  invalidate  the  system 
taught.  Phrenologists  do  not  create  faculties  and  organs; 
they  simply  discover  and  describe  them.  They  are  not 
responsible  for  their  number.  Our  list  of  organs  is  increased  by 
the  discovery  of  new  ones.  The  functions  of  certain  portions 
of  the  brain  yet  remain  unknown.  Is  the  science  of  astron- 
omy considered  unsettled  and  untrustworthy  because  some 
astronomers  "  see  stars"  where  others,  with  less  development 
of  the  observing  powers  or  inferior  instruments,  have  found 
only  blank  space  ?  or  because  they  are  constantly  adding  to 
the  number  of  the  known  planets  ?  In  fact,  is  not  the  objec- 
tion under  notice  slightly  absurd  ? 

2.  THE   ANATOMICAL    OBJECTION.  —  "No  phrenologist  has  ever 
observed  the  supposed  lines  of  demarkation   between   the   organs 
assumed  to  exist  hi  the  brain,  or  Las  ventured  hi  the  course  of  his  dis- 


136  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

sections  to  divide  a  hemisphere  of  the  brain  accurately  into  any  sndi 
number  of  organs  as  have  been  mapped  out  on  the  surface  of  the  skull." 

Answer. — 1.  Were  this  objection  literally  true,  it  would 
not  be  relevant,  because  it  is  an  admitted  principle  of  physi- 
ology that,  in  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge,  the  form 
and  structure  of  an  organ  are  not  sufficient  to  convey  an  idea 
of  its  function.  The  most  expert  anatomists  had  looked  fre 
quently  and  long  upon  a  bundle  of  nervous  fibers,  inclosed  in 
a  common  sheath,  without  discovering  that  one  set  of  them 
was  the  organ  of  voluntary  motion,  and  another  that  of  feel- 
ing; on  the  contrary,  from  their  similarity  of  appearance, 
these  nerves  had,  for  ages,  been  regarded  as  possessing  similar 
functions.  Nevertheless,  Sir  C.  Bell  and  Magendie  have 
demonstrated,  by  experiment,  that  they  possess  the  distinct 
functions  of  feeling  and  motion.  It  may  therefore  be  proved 
by  observation,  that  the  different  parts  of  the  brain  have  dis- 
tinct functions,  although  it  were  true  that  no  difference  of 
structure  could  be  perceived ;  but — 

2.  It  is  not  a  fact  that  no  difference  of  appearance  is  dis- 
coverable.    It  is  easy  to  distinguish  the  anterior,  the  middle, 
and  posterior  lobes  of  the  human  brain  from  each  other ;  and 
were  they  shown  separately  to  a  skillful  phrenological  anato- 
mist, he  would  never  take  one  for  the  other.     The  mental 
manifestations  are  so  different,  according  as  one  or  other  of 
these  lobes  predominates  in  size,  that  there  is,  even  in  this 
case,  ample  room  for  establishing  the  fundamental  proposition, 
that  different  faculties  are  connected  with  different  parts  of 
the  brain.     Further:  many  of  the  organs  differ  so  decidedly 
in  appearance,  that  they  could  be  pointed  out  by  it  alone. 

3.  It  is  admitted  that  the  organs  of  the  brain  are  not  per- 
ceived to  be  separated  by  strong  lines  of  demarkation  ;  but 
the  forms  of  the  organs  are  distinguishable  and  the  mapping 
out  is  founded  in  nature,  though  originally  the  result  of  the 
observation  of  the  external  surface  of  the  cranium. 

3.  IGNORANCE  OF  PHRENOLOGISTS.—"  The  teachers  and  disciples  of 
Phrenology  are  ignorant  of  anatomy  and  physiology,  and  they  delude 
only  those  equally  uninstructecl." 

Answer. — This  statement  is  untrue,  and  therefore  the  objec- 


OBJECTIONS    TO    PHRENOLOGY.  137 

tion  it  is  intended  to  embody  falls  to  the  ground.  Drs.  Gall 
and  Spurzheim  were  admirable  anatomists.  The  dissections 
of  the  brain  made  by  the  latter  are  acknowledged  to  have 
been  the  most  satisfactory  ever  performed.  The  Messrs. 
Combe  of  Edinburgh,  Drs.  Vimont  and  Broussais  of  Paris,  and 
Dr.  Charles  Caldwell  of  the  United  States,  all  advocates  and 
teachers  of  Phrenology,  were  also  anatomists  of  great  skill 
and  learning;  and  among  the  "uninstructed"  ones  who  have 
been  "deluded"  by  their  teachings,  we  may  name  such  men 
as  Dr.  Samuel  George  Morton,  Professor  of  Anatomy,  etc., 
and  author  of"  Crania  Americana;"  Prof.  John  Elliotson,  M.D., 
F.R.S. ;  Dr.  Robert  Hunter,  Professor  of  Anatomy,  etc. ; 
Prof.  John  Bell,  M.D. ;  J.  V.  C.  Smith,  M.D.,  Professor  of 
Anatomy,  and  Editor  of  the  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal ;  Nathan  Allen,  M.D.,  and  John  M.  Carnochan,  M.D., 
the  most  distinguished  surgeon  in  the  United  States.  We 
might  increase  this  list  indefinitely,  but  these  names  will 
suffice. 

4.  MATERIALISM,  FATALISM,  ETC.—"  Phrenology  leads  to  materialism 
and  fatalism." 

Answer. — If  Phrenology  be  false,  it  can  lead  to  nothing  in 
the  end  but  to  the  confusion  of  its  supporters  and  to  a  merited 
oblivion ;  but  if  it  be  true,  and  if  materialism  follow  as  a 
logical  deduction  from  its  facts,  then,  of  course,  materialism 
is  true,  and  Phrenology  is  no  more  responsible  for  its  existence 
than  chemistry  or  astronomy  is.  It  simply  makes  it  known. 

But  the  materialist  says  that  it  is  the  medullary  matter 
that  thinks — in  other  words,  that  the  brain  is  the  mind.  Now 
we  teach  no  such  doctrine,  and  Phrenology  leads  to  no  such 
conclusion.  It  declares  that  mind,  in  this  mortal  life  and 
while  linked  to  matter,  is  manifested  through  the  brain.  It 
has  not  necessarily  anything  to  do  with  the  question,  What  is 
the  substance  of  the  mind  itself?  It  deals  with  mind  as  it  is 
observed  through  its  manifestations.  If  it  be  material, 
Phrenology  has  not  made  it  so.  If  it  be  immaterial,  Phre- 
nology can  at  best  only  make  the  fact  apparent.  We  always, 
as  all  who  know  anything  about  our  teachings  are  well 
aware,  draw  a  broad  line  of  demarkation  between  the  organ 


138  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER.1 

of  the  mind  and  the  mind  itself.     The  one  must  perish,  the 
other  we  believe  will  survive  and 

Flourish  in  immortal  youth, 
Unhurt  amid  the  war  of  elements, 
The  wreck  of  matter,  and  the  crash  of  worlds. 

In  regard  to  the  asserted  fatalistic  tendencies  of  Phrenology, 
our  reply  must  be  mainly  the  same  as  in  regard  to  the  first 
part  of  the  objector's  statement.  If  man's  constitution  of 
body  and  brain  determine  unalterably  his  character  and 
destiny,  so  that  he  can  neither  be  better  nor  worse  than  he 
is,  nor  in  any  way  different,  Phrenology,  although  it  may 
reveal  this  character  and  destiny,  is  no  more  responsible  for 
it  than  theology  is  for  the  existence  of  evil.  But  while  Phre- 
nology finds  mind  in  this  life  connected  with  matter,  and 
subject,  so  far  as  its  manifestations  are  concerned,  to  certain 
organic  laws,  it  also  recognizes  within,  the  limits  of  its  organ- 
ization, and  as  an  element  in  the  unalterable  law  of  life,  the 
freedom  of  the  will,  and  a  consequent  personal  responsibility. 

We  are  not  responsible  for  our  being.  We  are  born  into 
this  world,  made  dependent  while  here  upon  material  organs 
for  our  ability  to  act,  and  rendered  liable  to  the  accidents 
which  happen  to  matter,  and  to  the  final  death  of  the  body. 
In  these  arrangements  we  had  no  voice — no  freedom  to  choose 
when  or  where  we  would  be  born,  or  how  we  would  be 
endowed  in  the  matter  of  body  and  brain,  and  therefore  can 
have  no  responsibility,  so  far  as  they  are  concerned.  But 
there  has  been  bestowed  upon  us,  or  rather  made  a  part  of 
our  mental  constitution,  a  sense  of  right  and  wrong,  and  with 
it  the  power  to  choose  between  good  and  evil — to  rise  or  to 
fall — to  improve  or  to  deteriorate,  and  here  we  are  responsible, 
not  for  our  faculties,  but  for  the  use  we  make  of  them. 

As  an  additional  evidence  that  Phrenology  is  in  no  way 
inimical  to  religion,  we  may  here  mention  that  it  is  now 
embraced  and  taught  by  many  of  the  most  prominent  and 
truly  pious  clergymen  of  Europe  and  America,  including 
Archbishop  Whateley,  Thomas  Chalmers,  D.D.,  Rev.  Orville 
Dewey,  Rev.  John  Pierrepont,  E.  H.  Chapin,  D.D.*  Rev.  Henry 
Ward  Beecher,  and  many  others. 


THE    TRADES    AtfD    PROFESSIONS.        139 
Till. 

THE   TRADES  AND   PROFESSIONS. 


I.    A   CLASSIFIED   LIST. 

>HE   MECHANIC  ARTS. — Artificial  Flower  Make** — 
Baker — Basket    Maker — Bookbinder — Blacksmith 

^^B"^^*^*"**1* 

— Bricklayer — Butcher — Cabinet  Maker — Carpen- 
ter— Carriage  Maker — Carriage  Ironer — Carriage  Trimmer — 
Compositor — Cooper  —  Dentist — Dressmaker — Engineer  — 
Finisher  of  Work  —  Founder  —  General  Mechanic  —  Gold 
Beater — Harnesa_Makfir — Inventor — Jeweler — Locksmith — 
Machinist — Manufacturer — Miller — Milliner — Molden — Paper 
Box  Maker  —  Painter  —  Penm  an  —  Picture-frame  Maker  — 
Printer—  Shoemaker — Silversmith — Stone  Cutter — Surgeon — 
Tailor — Tanner — Upholsterer — Watch  m  aker. 

II.  THE  FINE  ARTS. — Architect — Actor  —  Daguerrean — 
Designer  —  Draughtsman  —  Engraver  —  Florist  —  Historical 
Painter — Landscape  Painter — Landscape  Gardener — Modeler 
— Musician — Musical    Composer — Poet — Portrait    Painter — 
Sculptor. 

III.  LITERATURE. — Author — Dramatist — Editor,   Literary, 
Commercial,  Political,  General — Historian — Journalist — Lec- 
turer —  Librarian  —  Novelist  —  Orator  —  Poet  —  Preacher  — 
Reporter. 

IV.  SCIENCE. — Botanist  — Chemist — Editor — Entomologist 
— Explorer  (Scientific) — Engineer — Geographer — Geologist- 
Lecturer — Mineralogist — Naturalist — Navigator — Phrenolo- 
gist— Physician — Surgeon — Surveyor — Zoologist. 

V.  EDUCATION. — Author  (of  Educational  Books) — College 
Professor  —  Editor  —  Elocutionist  —  Governess — Lecturer — • 
Ph  renol  ogist — Teacher. 

VI.  THE   "  PROFESSIONS." — Attorney — Author — Barrister 
— Clergyman — Counselor — Judge — Lawyer — Phrenologist^* 
Physician — Preacher — Surgeon. 


140  HOW    TO    READ    CHARACTER. 

VII.  COMMERCE.  —  Accountant  —  Agent  —  Auctioneer  — 
Bookseller — Cattle  Dealer — Commission  Business — Clerk — 
Dry  Goods — Fancy  Goods  —  Grocer — Hardware — Lumber 
Dealer  —  Importer  —  Jobber  —  Merchant — Publisher — Sales- 
man— Stock  Jobber. 

YIIL — GENERAL  BUSINESS.  —  Agent,  General  Business, 
Insurance,  Express,  Freight — Banker — Broker — Canvasser — 
Cashier — Collector — Conductor  —  Contractor  —  Conveyancer 
— Financier — Post  Master — President  of  Bank,  Railroad,  In- 
surance Company — Real  Estate  Dealer — Superintendent. 

IX.  MISCELLANEOUS  EMPLOYMENTS.  —  Diplomatist  —  Ex- 
plorer —  Farmer — Fisherman — Fruit  Grower — Horseman — 
Horticulturist — Hotel  Keeper — Livery  T^eeppr — Lumberman 
— Policeman  or  Detective — Politician — Seaman — Soldier — 
Statesman — Stockjgajser — Undertaker — Watchman. 

II.    DEVELOPMENTS   FOR   PARTICULAR   PURSUITS. 

I.  THE  LAW. — Lawyers  require  the  mental-vital  tempera- 
ment, to  give  them  intensity  of  feeling  and   clearness  of 
intellect ;  large  Eventuality,  to  recall  law  cases  and  decisions ; 
large  Comparison,  to  compare  different  parts  of  the  law  and 
evidence — to  criticise,  cross-question,  illustrate,  and  adduce 
similar  cases ;  and  large  Language,  to  give  freedom  of  speech. 
Phrenology  will  tell  you  how  to  acquire  and  use  these  powers 
and  faculties  to  the  best  advantage.     Try  it. 

II.  STATESMANSHIP. — Statesmen   require   large   and  well- 
balanced  intellects,  to  enable  them  to  understand  and  see 
through  great  public  measures  and  choose  the  best  course, 
together  with  high  moral  heads,  to  make  them  DISINTERESTED, 
and  seek  the  PEOPLE'S  good,  not  selfish  ends. 

III.  MEDICINE. — Physicians  require  large  Perceptive  Facul- 
ties, so   that   they  may   study  and  apply  a  knowledge  of 
Anatomy  and  Physiology  with  skill  and  success;  full  Destruc- 
tiveness,  lest  they  shrink  from  inflicting  the  pain  requisite  to 
cure ;  large  Constructiveness,  to  give  them  skill  in  surgery ; 
large  Combativeness,  to  render  them  resolute  and  prompt; 
large  Cautiousness,  to  render  them  judicious  and  safe  ;  and  a 
large  head,  to  give  them  general  power  of  mind.    Phrenology 


THE    TRADES    AND    PROFESSIONS.        141 

will  predict,  in  advance,  whether  or  not  a  boy  will  succeed  in 
this  profession.     The  same  is  true  of  Dentistry. 

IV.  DIVINITY. — Clergymen   require   the  mental  tempera- 
ment, to  give  them   a  decided  predominance  of  MIND  over 
their  animal  propensities ;  a  large  frontal  and  coronal  region, 
the  former  to  give  them  intellectual  capacity,  and  the  latter 
to  impart  high  moral  worth,  aims,  and  feelings,  elevation  of 
character,  and  blamelessness  of  conduct;  large  Veneration, 
Hope,  and  Spirituality,  to  imbue  them  with  the  spirit  of  faith 
and  devotion ;  large  Benevolence  and  Adhesiveness,  so  that 
they  may  make  all  who  know  them  LOVE  them,  and  thus  win 
each  over  to  the  paths  of  truth  and  righteousness.     Clergy- 
men will  do   well  to   consult  Phrenology;   it  would  enable 
them  to  account  for  many  seeming  mysteries,  and  give  them 
power  and  influence  to  do  great  good.     It  is  in  the  most  per- 
fect harmony  with  the  highest  Christianity. 

V.  JOURNALISM. — Editors  also  require  a  mental  tempera- 
ment, with   large  Individuality  and  Eventuality,  to  collect 
«and  disseminate  incidents,  facts,  news,  and  give  a  PRACTICAL 
cast  of  mind;  large  Comparison,  to  enable  them  to  illustrate, 
criticise,  show  up  errors,  and  the  like;   full  or  large  Com- 
bativeness,    to    render   them    spirited ;    large   Language,   to 
render  them  copious,  free,  spicy,  and  racy;  and  large  Ideality, 
'to  give  taste  and  elevated  sentiments.    An  Editor  who  under- 
stands and  applies  Phrenology  possesses  a  power  which  he 
may  use  with  great  effect.     "  He  can  take  your  measure." 

VI.  COMMERCE.  —  Merchants  require   Acquisitiveness5  to 
impart  a  desire  and  tact  for  business ;  large  Hope,  to  promote 
enterprise;    full    Cautiousness,  to   render  them   safe;    large 
Perceptives,  to  give  quick  and  correct  judgment  of  the  quali- 
ties of  goods ;  good  Calculation,  to  impart  rapidity  and  cor- 
rectness   in    casting    accounts  ;    large   Approbativeness,   to 
render  them  courteous  and  affable  ;  and  full  Adhesiveness,  to 
enable  them  to  make  friends  of  customers,  and  thus  retain 
them.      Why   is   one   young   man   a   better  salesman  than 
another?   and  why  is  one  better  worth  a  salary  twice  or 
thrice  the  amount  than  another  ?     Phrenology  answers  this 
by  pointing  out  the  constitutional  differences,  and  showing 


HOW    TO    HEAD    CHABACTEI 

who  is,  and  who  is  not,  adapted  to  mercantile  life.     You  hafl 
better  consult  Phrenology,  and  choose  accordingly. 

VII.  THE   MECHANIC   ARTS. — Mechanics   require    strong 
constitutions,  to  give  them  muscular  power  and  love  of  labor; 
large  Constructiveness  and  Imitation,  to  enable  them  to  use 
tools  with  dexterity ;  work  after  a  pattern,  and  easily  learn  to 
do  what  they  may  see  others  do ;  and  large  Perceptive  Facul- 
ties, to  give  the  required  judgment  of  matter  and  the  fitness 
of  things. 

VIII.  THE  FINE  ARTS. — Artists  require  the  mental  tem- 
perament, high  organic  quality  and  large  Ideality  to  impart 
the  necessary  intellectual  appreciation  of  the  laws  of  beauty 
and  the  rules  of  art,  taste,  refinement,  delicacy,  imagination, 
and  lofty  aspirations ;  Constructiveness,  to  give  skill  in  the 
use  of  the  implements  of  art ;  Imitation,  to  enable  them  to 
copy  well ;  and  large  perceptives  to  impart  judgment  of  the 
forms  and  qualities  of  things.* 

*  Finally,  while  we  do  most  confidently  affirm  that  there  is  a  marked  difference  in 
the  natural  capacities  and  aptitudes  of  men  for  particular  callings ;  and  that  one  will 
show  great  talent  as  an  artist,  mechanic,  or  merchant,  another  would  excel  in  neither 
of  these,  but  in  something  else ;  still  it  must  be  admitted  that  each  of  us,  having  the 
game  number  and  kind  of  organs  and  faculties— differing  only  in  quality,  culture,  and 
degree  of  development — it  is  possible  for  most  of  us  to  learn  to  do  very  nearly  th« 
same  thing.  Nor  is  it  best  to  push  a  student  in  those  studies  in  which  he  already 
excels,  but  rather  in  the  studies  most  difficult,  in  order  to  develop  deficient  or  inactira 
faculties.  If  one  already  manifests  mechanical  skill,  turn  his  attention  to  art,  philos- 
ophy, or  invention.  If  one  is  naturally  musical,  and  wanting  in  mathematics,  let 
music  be  made  second  to  mathematics,  and  so  on  through  all  the  studies.  Th<*  end 
*j6»ired  is  an  even,  harmonious,  w^-buluirocd  character, 


art  55. 


A   DELINEATION 


OF  THE 


CHARACTER,  PHYSIOLOGICAL  DEVELOPMENT, 


AND    PRESENT  CONDITION 


OF 


AS  GIVEN  BY 


[DATE.] 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  TABLE. 

Opposite  to  the  name  of  each  organ  or  quality  taken  into 
account  in  a  delineation  of  character,  and  in  the  column  indi- 
cating its  relative  power,  the  examiner  will  place  a  figure,  a 
dash,  or  a  dot,  to  indicate  the  subject's  development  in 
respect  to  that  organ  or  quality.  T^e  printed  figures  in  the 
square  thus  marked  refer  to  the  pages  in  this  work  on  which, 
under  the  name  of  the  organ  or  quality  standing  in  the 
•margin  opposite,  will  be  found  a  description  of  the  traits  of 
character  which  the  development  is  believed  to  denote.  At 
the  end  of  this  description  are  other  figures,  indicating  pages 
where  directions  for  cultivating  or  restraining,  as  may  be 
directed,  the  faculty  in  question. 

When  an  organ  is  half  way  between  two  sizes,  it  is  repre- 
sented by  two  figures,  as  5  to  6,  or  3  to  4,  etc.,  which  is 
equivalent  to  5-J  or  3-J.  In  these  cases  both  paragraphs 
referred  to  may  be  read,  and  a  medium  between  the  two 
will  be  appropriate. 

The  sign  -+-,  plus,  signifies  about  one  third  of  a  degree 
more,  and  — ,  minus,  one  third  of  a  degree  less,  than  the 
marks  indicate,  thus  giving  virtually  a  scale  of  twenty-one 
degrees. 


AN  EXPLANATORY  NOTE. 

PLEASE     BEAD    THIS     FIRST. 

In  a  printed  delineation,  we  can  only  approximate  to  the 
real  character.  No  two  persons,  even  though  they  be  twins, 
are  exactly  alike.  The  almost  numberless  combinations  of 
which  the  temperaments  and  mental  faculties  (to  say  nothing 
of  the  ever-varying  physiological  conditions  involved)  are 
susceptible,  result  in  phases  and  shades  of  character  as  numer- 
ous as  the  individuals  of  the  human  race.  To  bring  these 
out  in  a'  fully  satisfactory  manner  requires  a  carefully  written 
analysis.  We  can  give,  as  a  general  rule,  in  a  chart  like 
this,  merely  the  simple  elements.  The  subject  should  com- 
bine them  for  himself,  considering  well  the  temperaments, 
and  the  modifications  which  must  result  from  the  action  of 
one  faculty  upon  another,  and  especially  the  influence  of  the 
predominating  group  and  «the  leading  organ.  (See  p.  124 
et  seq.  for  further  hints.") 

Our  aim  here  is  to  give  as  accurate  a  delineation  of 
character  as  the  circumstances  will  admit.  Absolute  correct- 
ness in  every  particular  is  not  claimed,  nor  would  it  be 
possible  in  following  the  markings  of  the  several  organs  and 
conditions  as  here  set  do\vn;  and  due  allowance,  in  every 
case,  by  examiner  and  examined,  must  therefore  be  made. 


For  a  Full  Explanation  of  this  Table, 


CONDITIONS. 

7 

Very 
l>arge. 

6 

Large. 

5 

Full. 

4 

Aver- 
age. 

§ 

Moder- 
ate. 

2 

Small. 

PACK 
149 

149 

^129 

150 

150 

150 

O 

Health      

150 

150 

.^150 

150 

150 

150 

Vital  Temperament  

151 

151 

r!51 

^..1M 

151 

151 

Breathing  Power 

152 

152 

152 

152 

152 

152 

Circulatory  Power  

153 

153 

15;] 

158 

153 

153 

Digestive  Power  

153 

153 

153 

.    *53 

154 

154 

Uffi 

Motive  Temperament  

154 

154 

154 

154 

154 

155 

Mental  Temperament  .  .  . 

155 

155 

J155 

155 

155 

156 

Activity     .                . 

/^56 

/   156 

156 

156 

156 

156 

Excitability..  .  .  .  ././.  .  .  . 

156 

156 

156 

156 

157 

157 

O      /     I*S 

f_ 

Size  of  Brahl,  inches.  .  . 

157 

157 

157 

157 

157 

158 

1  Ainativeness 

158 

/i58 

159 

159 

159 

159 

b    ° 

159 

159 

(  '  159 

160 

160 

160 

2.  Parental  Love 

160 

£  160 

160 

160 

160 

161 

3  Friendship 

161 

161 

J161 

161 

161 

162 

4.  Inhabitiveness  

162 

162 

f  162 

162 

162 

162 

, 

5.  Continuity  

162 

163 

163 

10;] 

163 

163 

E  Vitativeness 

163 

164 

104 

164 

164 

164 

6.  Conibativeness  

164 

164 

165 

105 

165 

165 

7.  Destructiveness 

165 

166 

(166 

/    166 

166 

166 

V 

8.  Alimentiveness  

166 

166 

^66 

107 

167 

167 

9.  Acquisitiveness 

167 

167 

'  1  08 

1U> 

108 

168 

168 

10.  Secretiveness  

168 

168 

4159 

169 

169 

169 

11.  Cautiousness  

169 

109 

160 

170 

170 

170 

12.  Approbativeness 

170 

170 

170 

170 

171 

171 

13.  Self-Esteern  

171 

171 

171 

171 

171 

172 

JL4.  Firmness  

172 

172 

172 

172 

172 

172J 

The  Reader  is  Referred  to  Page  144. 


CONDITIONS. 

Very 
Large. 

6 

Large. 

5 

Full. 

4 

Aver- 
age. 

3 

Moder- 
ate. 

2 

Small. 

15.  Conscientiousness  

PAGE 
173 

173 

r™ 

173 

173 

178 

16.  Hope  

174 

174 

174 

174 

174 

174 

17.  Spirituality  

175 

175 

175 

175 

175 

175 

18.  Veneration  ... 

176 

176 

•    17(1 

176 

176 

176 

5  ia> 

19.  Benevolence 

176 

177 

/""T77 

177 

177 

177 

/    i" 

20.  Constructiveness  

177 

177 

1^78 

178 

178 

178 

sj   **« 

21.  Ideality  

178 

178 

1  178 

178 

179 

179 

£1YO 

B.  Sublimity  

179 

179 

179 

y,179 

179 

179 

CJ 

22.  Imitation  

180 

180 

v  180 

180 

180 

180 

23.  Mirthfulness  

180 

d80 

181 

181 

181 

181 

24.  Individuality...   .... 

181 

181 

181 

181 

181 

182 

. 

25.  Form  

182 

182 

-LCW 

182 

182 

182 

182 

26.  Size  

182 

182 

182 

182 

183 

183 

27.  Weight  

183 

183 

183 

183 

183 

183 

28.  Color. 

183 

184 

184 

184 

184 

184 

29.  Order  

184 

184 

184 

184 

184 

185 

30.  Calculation  

185 

185 

ir!86 

185 

185 

185 

185 

£186 

186 

186 

186 

186 

32.  Eventuality...  „„  

186 

186 

^  "186 

186 

186 

18(5 

33.  Time  

187 

187 

187 

187 

187 

187 

34.  Tune  

187 

187 

187 

187 

187 

188 

35.  Language  

188 

188 

188 

188 

188 

188 

36.  Causality  

189 

189 

189 

189 

189 

189 

37.  Comparison 

189 

189 

190 

190 

190 

190 

C.  Human  Nature  

190 

190 

190 

190 

191 

191 

D.  Agreeableness  

191 

191 

191 

191 

191 

191 

ADAPTATION  IN  MARRIAGE. 

WHEN  a  person  lias  a  perfect  balance  of  temperament  and  a  hat 
monious  development  of  all  the  mental  faculties  and  dispositions,  a  com 
panion  should  be  chosen  whoee  development  is  similar ;  but  as  this  is  very  rarulj 
found,  each  person  should  seek  to  form  a  union  with  one  who  is  properly  contrasted 
so  that  the  excess  of  one  may  be  balanced  and  modified  by  a  less  development  in 
the  other. 

The  person  for  whom  the  foregoing  Chart  is  marked  phonld  choose  a  companion 
liaying  a  constitution  and  mental  qualities  as  indicated  by  the  marking  of  this  table 


Vital  Temperament.. 

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

Motive  Tempera- 
ment                 

Strong. 

Medjjim. 

Moderate. 

Mental  Tempera- 
ment        ...»  

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

" 

General  Build  or 

Tall  and  Bony. 

Medium. 

Short  and  Plump. 

Size  of  Head  

Large. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

Weight  

Heavy. 

Medium. 

Light. 

Full  and  Plump  

Decidedly. 

Medium. 

Moderately. 

Dark  Brunette. 

Medium. 

Light,  or  Blond?. 

--' 

Hair  

Dark  and  Strong. 

Medium. 

Light  and  Fine. 

Eyes... 

Dark. 

Medium. 

Light,  or  Blue. 

Social  and  Domestic. 

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

Energy  of  Character. 

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

8  elf-Reliance  

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

—     "" 

Prudence  and  Policy. 

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

Regard  for  Praise  and 
Public  Opinion  

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

Economy  and  Love  of 
Property  

Strong^- 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

Cheerfulness  ana  Self- 
Control 

Strong***- 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

Ingenuity,  Skill,  and 
Taste 

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

.-„•*"*'"* 

Practical  Talent  

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

Reasoning  and  Plan- 
ning Talent  

Strong. 

Medium. 

Moderate. 

Conversational 
Power  

Strong. 

Medjtam, 

Moderate. 

Moral  and  Religious. 

Very  Strong. 

^ 

Mf**«"" 

DELINEATION  OF  CHARACTER, 


i. 

PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS 


I.— ORGANIC  QUALITY. 

(7.)  VERT  GOOD. — You  have  a  remarkably  refined,  sensitive,  and 
delicate  organization ;  are  susceptible  of  exquisite  enjoyment  and 
intense  suffering ;  and  are  greatly  affected  by  extremes  of  heat  and 
cold,  especially  the  latter.  You  are  adapted  to  fine  and  light  work 
rather  than  to  that  which  is  coarse  and  heavy,  have  poetic  and  artistic 
tastes,  lofty  aspirations,  tender  sympathies,  and  a  longing  for  congenial 
companionship.  Being  inclined  to  live  too  far  above  the  common 
interests  and  pursuits  of  life,  you  fail  to  find  full  appreciation,  and  are 
subjected  to  much  suffering  by  the  rude  contacts  involved  among  the 
every-day  realities  of  this  life.  Cultivate  a  more  robust  bodily  condi- 
tion— eat,  drink,  sleep,  and  grow  fat — and  try  to  live  more  in  the  real 
and  less  in  the  ideal  world.  [23.]* 

(6.)  GOOD. — You  are  fine-grained,  high-toned,  and  delicately  organ- 
ized; susceptible,  sensitive,  and  sympathetic;  refined  in  your  tastes, 
pleasures,  and  aspirations ;  and  repelled  by  whatever  is  low,  coarse,  or 
gross.  You  are  liable  to  extremes  in  feeling  and  acting  ;  are  likely  to 
be  either  very  good  or  very  bad ;  suffer  keenly,  enjoy  deeply,  and  are 
generally  either  greatly  exalted  or  greatly  depressed ;  have  exquisite 
tastes ;  love  the  beautiful,  and  desire,  if  you  do  not  always  seek,  the 
good  and  the  true.  [23.] 

(5.)  FULL. — Yours  is  neither  a  coarse  nor  an  over-wrought  organiza* 
/  tion.  Your  tendencies,  so  far  as  your  constitution  affects  them,  are 
upward  rather  than  downward,  and  your  tastes  elevating  rather  than 
degrading.  You  must  avoid  all  those  habits  which  minister  to  the 
animal  passions  and  clog  mental  manifestation,  and  strive  to  elevate 
yourself  far  above  the  gross  and  groveling  multitude.  [23.] 

*  These  figures,  and  others  similarly  introduced  in  [brackets]  throughout  this  part 
of  the  work,  refer  to  pages  in  the  first  part—"  How  to  Read  Character"— where  addi- 
tional information  or  explanatory  remarks  may  be  found,. 


150  DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER]. 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  rather  deficient  in  quality  or  delicacy  in 
your  organization  ;  plain  in  your  tastes ;  practical  in  your  views ;  not 
very  poetical  or  sentimental;  and  better  fitted  for  the  matter-of-fact 
routine  of  every-day  life  than  for  the  higher  walks  of  literature  and 
art.  Tou  must  cultivate  the  Mental  Temperament,  and  be  careful  to 
contract  no  debasing  habits,  as  one  error,  in  a  person  of  your  organi- 
zation, is  likely  to  lead  to  others  and  to  final  ruin.  [23.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — Your  organic  quality  is  below  the  average  and 
your  mental  manifestations  sluggish  and  weak.  You  are  better 
adapted  to  manual  labor  than  to  study,  and  should  not  attempt  any  of 
the  more  delicate  mechanical  trades.  You  must  try  to  make  up,  by 
the  assiduous  cultivation  of  your  intellectual  and  moral  powers,  for 
your  lack  of  natural  organic  endowments.  Avoid,  by  all  means, 
drinking,  smoking,  and  low  company.  [23.] 

(2.)  POOR. — Yours  is  a  coarse-grained  structure,  and  all  your  appe- 
tites, tastes,  and  desires  are  of  the  plainer,  coarser  kind.  There  is 
the  most  urgent  need  in  your  case  to  restrain  the  passions;  to  put 
yourself  in  the  way  of  moral  and  religious  influences ;  and  to  cultivate 
the  intellectual  faculties,  so  far  as  you  are  able.  [23.] 

II.— STATE  OF  THE  HEALTH. 

(7.)  VERY  GOOD. — You  are  full  of  life ;  vigorous,  strong,  buoyant, 
and  hearty  in  the  highest  degree,  and  enjoy  exquisite  pleasure  in  the 
mere  sense  of  animal  existence.  [24] 

(6.)  GOOD. — All  your  bones,  muscles,  and  nerves  are  apparently  in 
good  working  order,  and  you  enjoy  the  exercise  of  every  organ  of 
body  and  brain.  You  should  now  manifest  your  greatest  efficiency  in 
both  physical  and  mental  action ;  find  study  and  work  alike  easy  and 
pleasant;  and  be  able  to  endure  toil,  exposure,  and  hardship  with 
impunity.  [24.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  a  full  share  of  vigor  and  vital  stamina ;  can 
work  with  efficiency  and  endure  considerable  hardship ;  but  have  no 
life-force  to  waste  in  unnecessary  and  fruitless  eitbrt.  [24.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  have  a  fair  degree  of  health,  but  are  liable  to 
ailments,  and  must  live  regularly,  pay  strict  attention  to  the  laws  of 
your  being,  and  be  careful  not  to  overwork  yourself,  and  thus  break 
down  your  constitution.  [24.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  deficient  in  vitality ;  are  easily  fatigued  ; 
often  ailing,  and  seldom  capable  of  any  great  degre^  of  physical  or 
mental  exertion.  You  must  avoid  overdoing,  and  make  the  restoration 
of  your  health  your  first  object.  Stop  all  unnecessary  drafts  upon  your 
remaining  stock  of  vitality,  and  seek,  by  means  of  rest,  sleep,  and 
recreation,  to  increase  it.  Drinking,  smoking,  chewing,  late  hours,  and 
all  kinds  of  dissipation,  must  be  entirely  avoided.  [24.] 

(2.)  POOR.-— You  have  but  a  small  amount  of  health  left,  and  must 


PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS.  151 

make  use  of  every  means  within  your  reach  for  its  improvement.  Try 
to  arouse  yourself  to  combat  your  ailments.  Pluck  is  as  essential  in 
meeting  the  attacks  of  disease  as  in  opposing  a  human  foe.  A  strong 
will  has  saved  many  a  life.  "  Courage  and  Hope  " — let  that  be  youi 
motto*  [24.] 

III.— THE  VITAL  TEMPERAMENT. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGELY  DEVELOPED. — This  temperament  is  character- 
ized by  rotundity.  You  are  plump,  stout,  full-chested,  and  fond  of 
fresh  air  and  the  luxuries  of  life ;  but  you  like  play  better  than  hard 
work.  In  mental  character  there  is  a  tendency  to  impulsiveness,  en- 
thusiasm, versatility,  practicality,  and  to  take  a  matter-of-fact  view  of 
things.  Your  fondness  for  good  living,  jovial  company,  sports  and 
amusements,  render  you  liable  to  fall  into  habits  of  intemperance, 
against  which  you  must  be  continually  on  your  guard.  If  you  find 
yourself  inclined  to  an  uncomfortable  obesity,  your  remedy  must  be 
work,  and  a  spare  diet.  Keep  both  body  and  mind  actively  engaged, 
and  avoid  indolence  and  the  indulgences  of  the  table  as  your  greatest 
foes.  By  a  rigid  adherence  to  a  low  and  moderate  diet,  and  by  vigor- 
ous manual  labor,  you  may  greatly  modify  and  improve  your  tempera- 
ment, [20.] 

(6.)  LARGELY  DEVELOPED. — You  are  well-proportioned,  full-chested, 
and  amply  supplied  with  the  oil  of  life.  All  your  joints  are  thor- 
oughly lubricated,  and  your  mental  machinery  works  without  fric- 
tion. You  are  likely  to  manifest  a  good  degree  of  business  talent,  and 
to  be  not  averse  to  doing  your  share  of  necessary  work,  when  there  is 
profit  in  it.  You  have  great  need  to  exercise  all  your  moral  sense, 
caution,  and  will-power  in  avoiding  and  resisting  the  temptations  to 
excess  in  eating,  drinking,  and  indulging  the  propensities,  which  so 
easily  beset  you.  Occasional  fasting,  rather  than  feasting,  should  be 
practiced.  [20.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  possess  a  fair  share  of  the  vital  element,  and  partake 
of  the  characteristics  noted  in  (6)  and  (7)  in  a  proportionate  degree. 
You  need  to  increase  rather  than  diminish  this  element.  Every  sort  of 
dissipation  should  be  avoided,  and  regular  hours,  with  plenty  of  sleep, 
secured.  [20.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  vitality  is  sufficient  to  give  the  functions  of 
body  and  brain  a  fair  share  of  energy,  and  to  sustain  life  and  health 
if  carefully  husbanded ;  but  you  should  seek  to  increase  it  by  a  diet 
and  habits  promotive  of  alimentation  and  nutrition.  Alternate  exer- 
cise and  rest ;  sleep  as  much  as  nature  seems  to  demand ;  seek  recrea- 
tion ;  take  life  more  easy ;  eat  plain  but  nutritious  food  ;  enjoy  all  of 
life  ;  "  laugh  and  grow  fat."  [20.] 

(3.)  WEAKLY  DEVELOPED. — Your  constitution  is  deficient  in  the 
Vital  element,  and  you  are  languid  and  inefficient  in  consequence,  Yoy 


152          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

require  much  rest  and  sleep,  and  must  be  very  careful  not  to  overwork 
either  body  or  mind  [see  previous  section  (4)],  and  assiduously  make 
use  of  all  available  means  to  increase  your  vitality.  [20.] 

(2.)  VERY  FEEBLY  DEVELOPED. — You  have  barely  enough  vitality 
to  keep  your  bodily  and  mental  functions  in  operation.  You  must 
make  use  of  the  very  small  stock  you  now  possess,  as  capital  to  be 
used  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  it,  as  directed  in  previous  sections. 
You  must  "  stop  the  leaks,"  and  give  the  reservoir  time  to  fill  up ; 
live  on  the  interest,  instead  of  consuming  both  interest  and  principal, 
and  thus  becoming  so  far  impoverished  that  there  shall  be  no  hope  of 
recovery,  [20.] 

IV.— BREATHING  POWER. 

(7.)  VERY  GOOD. — Your  respiratory  organs  are  admirably  developed, 
and  their  functions  well-nigh  perfectly  performed.  Yor1  breathe  freely 
and  deeply,  moving  the  abdominal  muscles  as  well  as  the  lungs,  and 
filling  your  chest  at  every  inspiration.  The  effects  of  this  functional 
power  and  activity  may  be  observed  in  your  warm  hands  and  feet, 
elastic  motions,  and  buoyant  spirits.  [25.] 

(6.)  GOOD. — You  have  a  well-developed  chest  and  excellent  breath- 
ing power,  indicated  as  in  (7),  only  in  a  slightly  lower  degree.  [25.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  above  the  average  in  breathing  power  generalty, 
but  if  your  habits  be  sedentary,  you  will  need  to  resort  to  artificial 
means  to  expand  the  lungs  and  to  keep  up  the  circulation.  [25.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  breathing  power  is  only  medium,  but  you 
have  a  fair  share  of  warmth,  and  can  keep  your  feet  and  hands  warm 
by  proper  exercise.  You  should  take  the  measures  recommended  on 
p.  26  (foot  note)  for  expanding  the  chest.  [25.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  breathe  too  little  to  thoroughly  vitalize  the 
blood,  seldom  filling  the  lungs,  moving  the  chest  but  little,  and  the 
abdominal  muscles  scarcely  at  all ;  are  liable  to  colds,  which  have  a 
tendency  to  settle  on  the  lungs ;  have  cold  feet  and  hands  and  blue 
veins  near  the  surface.  You  must  cultivate  breathing  power,  and  ex- 
pand the  chest.  This  can  be  done  with  great  certainty,  but  you  must 
begin  carefully  and  avoid  fatigue  in  your  exercises.  [25,  26  (note).] 

(2.)  WEAK. — You  are  very  deficient  in  the  development  of  the 
respiratory  organs,  liable  to  colds  and  coughs,  and  predisposed  to 
consumption ;  but  while  your  lungs  remain  sound,  you  may  hope  to 
ward  off  disease  and  greatly  improve  your  breathing  power  and 
general  health  by  right  living  and  the  necessary  physical  culture. 
In  addition  to  the  chest-expanding  exercise  [26  (note)],  you  must  live 
much  in  the  open  air ;  keep  your  rooms  well  ventilated ;  sit,  stand,  and 
walk  erect,  bathe  the  chest  frequently  with  cold  water,  rubbing  it 
briskly  with  the  naked  hands,  to  bring  the  blood  to  the  surface.  Go 
iBto  the  mountains,  or  take  a  sea  voyage.  [25.] 


PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS.  153 

V.— CIRCULATION. 

(V.)  VERY  GOOD. — You  have  an  excellent  circulation ;  a  strong, 
Bteady  pulse  ;  perspire  freely ;  and  are  able  to  withstand  great  cold  and 
heat  without  discomfort.  [26.] 

(6.)  GOOD. — Your  circulation  is  generally  good,  and  your  lower 
extremities  seldom  cold.  You  suffer  little  from  clear  cold  weather  and 
do  not  readily  contract  disease.  [26.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  a  fair  circulation,  but  need  bodily  exercise  to 
keep  the  extremities  warm  in  cold  weather,  and  should  promote  this 
function  by  active  employments  or  recreations.  [26.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  circulation  is  not  remarkably  good,  and  you 
sometimes  feel  chilly  or  have  cold  feet  and  hands.  Promote  the  uni- 
form movement  of  the  vital  fluid  by  brisk  exercise,  especially  in  cold 
weather.  [26.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — Your  circulation  is  rather  poor.  You  are  very 
liable  to  cold  feet  and  hands,  headache,  palpitation  of  the  heart,  and  a 
dry  skin ;  can  not  withstand  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  and  need  to 
exercise  briskly  and  practice  breathing  fully  and  deeply,  as  recom- 
mended in  previous  section.  [26  (note).] 

(2.)  WEAK, — You  have  a  wreak  and  very  unequal  circulation ;  suifer 
greatly  from  changes  of  temperature ;  are  often  chilly,  even  in  warm 
weather ;  are  troubled  with  headache,  pressure  on  the  brain,  and  very 
cold  extremities.  The  Turkish  bath,  if  accessible,  will  benefit  you ; 
also  tepid  foot-baths,  brisk  and  hard  rubbing  of  the  hands  and  feet, 
walking,  and  the  breathing  exercise.  Horse-back  riding  is  one  of  the 
very  best  exercises  to  promote  and  equalize  the  circulation.  Skating, 
rowing,  climbing  the  hills,  etc.,  are  also  useful,  when  taken  with  proper 
care.  [26  (note).] 

VI.— DIGESTION. 

(7.)  VERT  GOOD. — Your  digestion  is  almost  perfect,  and  you  can  eat 
with  impunity  any  sort  of  food  suitable,  under  any  circumstances,  to 
be  received  into  the  human  stomach.  [26.] 

(6.)  GOOD. — Your  digestive  power  is  strong  and  your  relish  for  food 
excellent.  Plain  substantial  aliment  suits  you  best,  and  you  are  able  to 
make  whatever  you  take  into  your  stomach  contribute  to  the  nourish- 
ment of  the  system.  [26.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  good  digestion,  but  not  so  strong  that  it  may 
not  be  easily  injured  by  improper  food  and  wrong  habits  of  eating. 
You  must  avoid  heavy  meals  and  indigestible  articles  of  diet.  Reg- 
ulate the  quantity  of  food  taken  by  the  judgment,  rather  than  by  the 
appetite.  [26.J 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  have  only  a  fair  degree  of  digestive  power,  and 
must  be  careful  not  to  impair  it  by  overeating,  by  the  us$  of  condi- 
ments, stimulants,  etc.  [26.]  «* 


154          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

(3)  and  (2.)  MODERATE  OK  WEAK.— You  are  predisposed  to  dys* 
pepsia ;  often  have  a  poor  appetite ;  suffer  from  indigestion,  and, 
as  a  result,  are  apt  to  be  irritable,  peevish,  dispirited,  and  gloomy. 
The  improvement  of  your  digestive  function  should  be  your  first 
object  and  study.  Eat  plain  and  easily  digested  but  nutritious  food ; 
let  the  quantity  be  moderate  ;  masticate  thoroughly ;  talk,  laugh,  and 
enjoy  at  your  meals,  or  at  least  try  to  be  in  a  cheerful,  thankful,  happy 
mood ;  avoid  a  hurried  feeling  or  an  anxious  state  of  mind ;  take 
plenty  of  exercise  in  the  open  air ;  have  your  rooms  well  ventilated ; 
practice  full,  deep  breathing  and  other  chest-expanding  exercises,  as 
indirect  but  important  helps  to  the  stomach ;  and  observe  strictly  all 
the  laws  of  health.  Correct  this  dyspeptic  tendency  by  recreation 
rather  than  by  stimulation.  [26.] 

VII.— THE  MOTIVE  TEMPERAMENT. 

(7.)  VERY  STRONGLY  DEVELOPED. — The  bony  frame-work  of  your 
structure  is  strongly  marked,  and  encased  with  only  muscle  enough  to 
bind  all  firmly  together;  but  what  flesh  you  have  is  dense,  tough, 
compact,  and  wiry.  There  is  a  tendency  to  angularity  in  your  con- 
figuration. You  love  active,  muscular  work,  and  are  endowed  with 
great  physical  power  and  capacity  for  severe  and  prolonged  exertion 
of  both  body  and  mind.  In  character  you  are  energetic,  efficient,  de- 
termined, and  persistent.  You  are  adapted  to  active  life,  and  to  such 
enterprises  as  will  give  your  energy,  steadfastness,  and  perseverance 
full  and  free  scope.  See  also  (6.)  [18.] 

(6.)  STRONG. — Your  configuration  and  character  are  like  those  de- 
scribed in  (7),  in  a  somewhat  lower  degree.  You  have  strong  feelings 
and  passions,  but  are  also  endowed  with  a  powerful  will  and  strong 
common  sense  with  which  to  hold  them  in  check.  The  restraining 
and  regulating  powers  of  the  mind — Firmness,  Self-Esteem,  Conscien- 
tiousness, and  Cautiousness — must  be  kept  in  constant  activity  to  keep 
your  strong  propensities  within  their  proper  sphere,  for  when  they  are 
bad,  persons  of  your  constitution  are  often  very  bad.  You  are  capable 
of  great  things,  but  need  strong  self-government  and  restraint.  [18.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  a  good  share  of  motive  power,  and  are  vigor- 
ous, determined,  and  efficient.  You  are  not  afraid  of  work,  or,  for  that 
matter,  of  anything  else.  Your  tastes  and  abilities  fit  you  for  active 
life.  See  (6)  and  (7.)  [18.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  not  deficient  in  motive  power,  but  can  not 
endure  a  long-continued  strain  upon  either  muscle  or  brain.  You  can 
work  hard,  but  are  not  particularly  fond  of  severe  labor,  preferring 
light  or  sedentary  employments,  and  should  cultivate  muscular  power 
and  love  of  activity  by  such  recreations  and  exercises  as  tend  to  de- 
velop bone  and  sinew.  [18.] 

$.)  MODERATELY  DEVELOPED. — You  are  deficient  in  the  motiya 


PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS.  155 

element  of  the  constitution,  lack  strength  for  continuous  exertion,  and 
prefer  sitting  or  lounging  about  to-  activity  of  any  kind.  Cultivate 
muscular  power.  [18.] 

(2.)  WEAK.— You  are  poorly  endowed  with  muscular  force,  and  the 
propelling  and  governing  powers  connected  with  the  motive  tempera- 
ment. You  must  give  much  attention  to  the  cultivation  of  the  motive 
apparatus.  Walking,  running,  rowing,  swimming,  skating,  and  gym- 
nastics are  all  good  exercises,  but  must  be  adapted  to  your  weak  con- 
dition, and  increased  as  you  gain  strength.  Make  yourself  comfortably 
tired,  but  do  not  exhaust  your  small  stock  of  energy  and  strength  by 
too  much  exertion.  [18.] 

VIII.— THE  MENTAL  TEMPERAMENT. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGELY  DEVELOPED. — You  are  delicate  in  structure, 
with  small  bones,  a  moderate  development  of  muscle,  finely  cut  fea- 
tures, and  a  high  organic  condition  generally.  Brain  predominates 
over  body,  and  your  mental  states  have  a  powerful  influence  over  your 
physical  condition.  You  are  refined  in  your  tastes ;  quick  and  delicate 
in  your  perceptions ;  rapid  in  your  mental  operations ;  emotional,  sym- 
pathetic, aspiring,  earnest,  eager,  and  easily  excited.  You  are  admir- 
ably adapted,  so  far  as  constitutional  qualities  are  concerned,  to  literary 
or  artistic  pursuits.  If  a  mechanic,  a  manufacturer,  or  a  merchant,  one 
of  the  lighter  and  more  elegant  branches  in  these  departments  would 
suit  you  best.  See  next  section  (6).  [21.] 

(6.)  A  LARGE  DEVELOPMENT. — You  are  characterized  as  set  forth  in 
(7),  only  in  a  lower  degree ;  are  more  inclined  to  mental  than  to 
animal  enjoyments  ;  fond  of  literature  and  art ;  ambitious,  clear-headed, 
discriminating,  quick-witted,  intellectually  efficient,  rather  brilliant,  and 
calculated  to  lead  in  the  higher  walks  of  literature,  art,  or  science, 
provided  you  have  had  the  necessary  mental  culture.  Stimulants  of 
all  kinds  should  be  avoided,  as  well  as  too  strong  or  long  continued 
mental  excitements.  [21.] 

(5.)  FULLY  DEVELOPED. — You  are  well  endowed  mentally,  and  cal- 
culated (with  proper  culture)  to  speak  and  write  effectively,  and  to 
wield  considerable  influence  in  the  realms  of  thought ;  being  less  sensi- 
tive and  delicately  organized  than  those  in  whom  there  is  a  larger  pro- 
portional development  of  this  temperament,  you  are  better  fitted  to 
come  into  contact  with  people  of  all  classes,  and  to  control  them  by 
means  of  your  superior  mental  development,  backed  by  the  vigor  im- 
parted by  a  larger  measure  of  vital  and  motive  power.  [21.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  have  a  fair  degree  of  mental  activity,  and,  with 
the  advantages  of  education,  are  capable  of  attaining  a  position  in  in- 
tellectual society ;  but  you  are  better  adapted  to  manual  labor,  mechan- 
iszn,  or  to  business  than  to  the  learned  professions,  so-called.  [21.] 

(3.)  MODERATELY  DEVELOPED. — You  have  no  real  love  for  literature 


150          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

or  art,  are  not  fond  of  study,  and  would  be  apt  to  fall  asleep  over  a 
good  book.    You  should  cultivate  a  taste  for  reading.     [21.] 

(2.)  POORLY  DEVELOPED. — You  are  dull  in  perception,  and  slow  to 
comprehend  even  simple  truths.  Your  judgment  is  poor,  and  you 
need  the  direction  of  minds  more  highly  endowed.  You  should  get 
sound  advice,  and  follow  it.  [21.] 

IX.— ACTIVITY. 

(7.)  VERY  GREAT. — You  are  very  agile,  lithe-limbed,  and  quick- 
motioned,  and  your  mental  operations  are  equally  rapid  and  facile. 
You  are  always  wide-awake,  eager,  knowing,  and  brilliant.  You  are 
liable  to  overwork  yourself  and  become  prematurely  exhausted.  [27.] 

(6.)  GREAT. — Yours  is  a  restless,  active,  lively  organization.  You 
speak  rapidly,  comprehend  quickly,  and  decide  at  once  on  the  course 
to  be  pursued,  and  are  in  danger  of  excessive  action,  and  consequent 
early  exhaustion  of  the  vital  powers.  [27.] 

(5)  and  (4.)  FULL  OR  AVERAGE. — You  have  a  fair  degree  of  activity, 
but  are  likely  to  be  sufficiently  deliberate  to  weigh  the  pros  and  cons 
before  deciding  how  to  act ;  are  not  lazy,  but  prefer  light  work  to 
heavy,  and  play  to  either.  [27.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  slow  and  deliberate  in  your  move- 
ments, are  seldom  or  never  in  a  hurry,  and  always  take  plenty  of  time 
to  consider.  Your  mental  operations  are  slow,  and  you  are  apt  to  see 
the  point  of  a  joke,  if  at  all,  after  the  laugh  is  over.  Wake  up  1  [27.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  too  slow  to  be  of  much  service  to  yourself  or 
anybody  else — decidedly  inert.  Try  to  cultivate  activity  by  pushing 
about.  You  should  have  some  one  "  after  you  with  a  sharp  stick."  [27.] 

X.— EXCITABILITY. 

(7.)  VERY  GREAT. — You  are  remarkably  impressible,  very  easily  ex- 
cited, subject  to  extremes  of  feeling ;  greatly  exalted  at  one  moment 
and  much  depressed  the  next ;  driven  now  this  way  and  then  that  by 
constantly  changing  impulses  ;  and  very  much  disposed  to  exaggerate 
everything,  whether  good  or  bad.  Your  need  is  to  restrain  this  ex- 
citability, first,  by  avoiding  all  stimulating  food  and  drink,  and  all  un- 
natural or  violent  mental  excitements ;  and,  second,  by  cultivating  a 
calm,  quiet,  enjoyable  frame  of  mind.  Repose  is  the  proper  antidott 
of  too  great  activity.  [27.] 

(6.)  GREAT. — You  are  constituted  as  described  in  (7),  only  in  a  some- 
what lower  degree — too  susceptible  to  external  influences  for  your  own 
welfare  or  that  of  your  friends.  [27.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  sufficiently  susceptible  to  exciting  causes,  but 
not  readily  carried  away  by  any  sudden  impulse ;  are  self-possessed, 
and  act  coolly  and  with  forethought.  [27.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE, — You  are  very  cool,  deliberate,  and  placid,  and 


PHYSIOLOGICAL    CONDITIONS.  157 

external  influences  to  sway  you  but  little  ;  act  from  judgment  and  not 
from  impulse,  and  are  very  equable  in  disposition.  [27.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  dull,  and  can  with  difficulty  be 
aroused  by  external  causes ;  rather  cold  and  passionless,  and  show 
little  spirit  in  anything.  You  may  with  advantage  put  yourself  in  the 
way  of  social  excitements,  and  profit  by  mixing  much  with  widfr 
awake  people.  [27.] 

(2.)  Low. — Yours  is  a  torpid  sort  of  existence.  You  seem  to  be  hsJf 
asleep,  and  might  almost  as  well  be  quite  so.  Try  to  arouse  yourself 
and  seek  society  and  the  excitements  of  busy,  active  life,  [27.] 

XL— SIZE  OF  BRAIN. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — If  your  organic  quality  be  good  and  your  ac- 
tivity sufficient,  you  should  manifest  extraordinary  mental  power ;  and 
If  there  be  also  a  proper  balance  between  the  various  groups  of  facul- 
ties, you  are  capable  of  taking  a  place  in  the  first  ranks,  among  the  in- 
tellectual giants  of  the  age.  Such  a  mind,  backed  up  by  adequate 
physical  stamina,  will  overcome  all  obstacles,  and  achieve  greatness  in 
spite  of  all  difficulties.  You  may  not  have  had  your  full  powers  called 
out,  but  the  capacity  is  here.  [14.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — Yours  is  a  mind  of  great  reach  and  power,  and  you 
can,  if  you  will,  make  yourself  widely  felt  in  society.  You  are  capable 
of  managing  extensive  enterprises,  taking  broad  views  of  things,  and 
of  drawing  correct  conclusions  from  ascertained  facts.  If  you  are  a 
scholar,  you  should  be  widely  known  and  admired  in  the  sphere  of 
letters,  and  exert  great  influence  wherever  the  supremacy  of  mind  is 
acknowledged.  Much,  however,  depends  upon  the  tendencies  im- 
pressed upon  your  character  by  the  predominating  group  of  organs, 
and  your  power  may  be  a  blessing  or  it  may  be  a  curse  to  yourself  and 
to  the  world,  according  to  the  manner  in  which  it  is  used.  [14.] 

(5.)  FULL. — With  the  proper  physiological  conditions  [14,  et  seq.~\,  you 
are  capable  of  accomplishing  much,  and  attaining  a  high  position  in 
the  direction  of  the  leading  faculties,  acquiring  an  excellent  education, 
and  manifesting  talent  of  a  high  order,  but  have  not  that  commanding 
and  all-conquering  genius  which  can  bend  everything  to  its  will.  [14.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — With  activity  largely  developed,  and  good  bodily 
conditions,  you  are  capable  of  manifesting  good  talent,  and  of  suo 
ceeding  well  in  a  business  for  which  you  are  specially  fitted.  Out  of 
this  sphere  your  abilities  would  be  commonplace  and  your  success 
email.  You  are  quick  of  perception,  but  neither  original  nor  pro- 
found. [14.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  have  sufficient  brain,  if  conjoined  with  good 
organic  quality  and  a  fair  share  of  activity,  to  give  you  a  moderate 
degree  of  ability  in  practical  matters,  but  little  planning  or  directing 
talent  You  will  do  best  when  working  under  the  direction  of  persona 


158          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

better  endowed  than  yourself  with  mental  power.  Strive  to  improve 
your  intellect  by  means  of  reading,  study,  and  the  conversation  of 
intelligent  persons.  [14] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  weak  in  mind  and  need  the  guidance  of  othei 
intellects  in  every  undertaking ;  are  incapable  of  managing  any 
business.  [14.] 


n. 

MENTAL    FACULTIES. 


-f 


XII.— AMATIVENESS. 


(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  possess  in  a  pre-eminent  degree  the  desire  to 
\ove  and  to  be  loved ;  are  irresistibly  attracted  by  the  opposite  sex ; 
and  are  capable  of  exerting  a  similar  power  over  them.  You  are 
winning  in  your  manners ;  very  gentle  and  sympathetic,  conforming 
to  the  tastes  and  wishes  of  the  one  beloved ;  are  devoted  in  your  atten- 
tions ;  yearn  continually  for  the  caresses  and  endearments  of  affection, 
and  are  made  utterly  miserable  by  coldness  and  indifference  on  the 
part  of  the  beloved  one.  See  (6.)  [38.]  With  deficient  coronal 
development,  a  low  organic  quality,  or  an  inflamed  state  of  the  vital 
fluids,  you  would  be  very  liable  to  the  perversion  of  the  procreative 
function,  and  to  excesses  ruinous  to  body  and  soul.  If  restraint  be 
necessary,  see  I.,  7.  Restrain.  [40.] 

(6.)  LABGE. — You  are  as  described  in  (7),  but  in  a  lower  degree ;  are 
very  fond  of  personal  beauty,  and  seek  in  the  other  sex  good  bodily 
development  and  a  warm  heart  as  well  as  intellectual  capacity  and 
moral  worth.  The  love-element  is  a  very  influential  one  in  your 
organization,  and  will  affect  powerfully,  for  good  or  for  evil,  your 
destiny  in  life, — for  the  fire  that  warms  may  also  consume.  Rightly 
controlled,  and  made  subservient  to  moral  principle,  it  will  be  a  source 
of  strength  and  happiness — a  blessing  to  yourself  and  to  others  ;  per- 
verted, it  may  lead  to  speedy  and  irretrievable  ruin.  Let  your  prayer 
be,  "  Lead  us  not  into  temptation !"  If  you  are  happily  married,  you 
are  fortunate;  if  not,  you  should  seek  in  matrimony,  where  alone  it 
can  be  found,  the  satisfaction  of  your  loving  and  yearning  heart. 
Restrain.  [40.] 


MENTAL    FACULTIES. 

(5.)  FULL. — You  love  the  opposite  sex  with  much  tenderness ;  art 
somewhat  ardent,  but  can  control  your  desires;  are  very  attentive  toward 
those  you  love,  honoring  the  other  sex  in  a  high  degree  and  giving 
your  confidence  and  esteem  with  your  love.  You  are  well  calculated 
to  enjoy  the  marriage  relation.  [37,  et  seq.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  may  be  warm  and  loving  at  times,  but,  in 
general,  manifest  only  a  fair  degree  of  attachment  to  the  other  sex ;  can 
enjoy  the  marriage  relation,  but  need  to  have  your  love  called  out  and 
cherished  by  a  loving  companion ;  are  likely  to  be  refined  and  faithful 
in  your  affections  and  to  honor  as  well  as  love  your  mate,  if  worthy 
and  devoted  to  your  happiness  and  welfare.  [37,  et  seq.]  ' 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  cold  and  indifferent  toward  the 
other  sex,  manifesting  more  friendship  and  respect  than  love ; 
but  esteem  and  friendship  may  lead  to  warmer  feelings  toward  a 
truly  congenial  companion  ;  so  that  while  you  might  not  find  it  dis< 
agreeable  to  live  unmarried,  you  are  capable,  under  favorable  circum- 
stances, of  being  happier  in  the  conjugal  relation.  With  large  Ideality, 
y*ou  would  manifest  more  admiration  than  affection  for  the  opposite 
sex.  Cultivate.  [39.] 

(2.)  SMALL.— You  are  very  indifferent  toward  the  other  sex,  and  have 
neither  the  desire  nor  the  ability  to  win  their  love.  Cultivate.  [39.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL.— You  are  almost  entirely  destitute  of  the  love- 
element.  Cultivate.  [39.] 

XIII.— CONJUGALITY. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — All  your  love  must,  as  a  necessity  of  your 
nature,  be  concentrated  upon  one  person  of  the  opposite  sex,  who  will 
be  to  you  the  embodiment  of  all  that  is  good  and  lovely,  and  whose 
faults  you  will  be  ever  ready  to  conceal  or  overlook ;  and  you  will 
require  the  same  exclusive  attachment  in  the  chosen  one.  If  fully 
satisfied  in  this  respect,  you  will  enjoy  the  marriage  relation  very 
highly.  If  still  heart-free,  you  should  be  very  careful  to  bestow  your 
affections  where  they  will  be  fully  reciprocated,  for  any  failure  in  this 
respect  would  be  likely  to  affect  very  seriously  your  destiny  in  life. 
Restrain.  [41.] 

(6.)  LARGE.— You  will  require  and  seek  but  one  intimate  personal 
companion  or  mate,  and  are  liable  to  be  made  very  miserable  by  dis- 
appointment in  love.  Where  you  truly  love  you  must  possess,  and  you 
should  know  no  such  word  as  "  fail "  in  your  "  affairs  of  the  heart." 
Being  well  mated,  you  will  find  your  highest  happiness  in  the  society 
of  the  one  you  have  chosen,  all  of  whose  virtues  and  attractions  you 
will  fully  appreciate.  You  will  tolerate  almost  anything  in  him  or  her 
except  infidelity  to  the  marriage  relation.  Restrain.  [41.] 

(5.)  FULL.— You  can  love  cordially  and  faithfully  any  person  of  the 
other  sex  upon  whom  your  affections  may  be  placed ;  but,  if  love  ba 


160  DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

interrupted,  can  change  and  become  equally  absorbed  in  a  new  lore. 
You  would  not  die  of  a  broken  heart  were  the  beloved  object  removed 
by  death  or  otherwise  placed  beyond  your  reach.  [40,  et  seg.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  inclined  to  a  single  love  and  to  union  for 
life  to  a  chosen  one;  but  can  readily  change  the  object  of  your  affec- 
tions, and,  with  Adhesiveness  small  and  Conscientiousness  moderate, 
may  be  coquettish.  Cultivate.  [41.] 

(3.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  not  particularly  inclined  to  fickleness  in 
love,  and  are  disposed,  under  favorable  circumstances,  to  union  for  life, 
but  are  liable  to  be  led  astray  by  new  faces  and  to  allow  an  old  love  to 
be  supplanted  by  new  ones.  Cultivate.  [41.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  inclined  to  the  promiscuous  society  of  the  other 
sex  and  have  little  respect  for  the  conjugal  relation.  Cultivate.  [41.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  manifest  none  of  this  faculty  and  experi- 
ence little  of  the  feeling  it  imparts.  Cultivate.  [41.] 

XIV.— PARENTAL  LOVE. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — Your  love  for  children  and  pets  is  intense,  and 
as  a  parent  you  would  idolize  your  offspring  and  probably  spoil  them 
by  pampering  and  hurtful  indulgence,  or  by  allowing  them  to  rule 
instead  of  yielding  obedience.  If  you  have  children,  you  suffer  con- 
tinual anxiety  on  their  account,  especially  when  absent  from  them, 
and  the  death  of  one  of  them  would  be  a  blow  almost  too  great  to 
bear.  Restrain.  [44.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — As  a  parent,  you  would  be  tender  and  indulgent,  per- 
haps, to  a  fault,  unless  restrained  by  high  moral  considerations,  and 
are  too  apt  to  overlook  the  faults  and  imperfections  of  your  young 
favorites,  whether  your  own  children  or  those  of  your  friends.  You 
are  passionately  fond  of  the  society  of  the  young,  who  are  equally  fond 
.of  you,  and  you  will  have  groups  of  children  clustering  around  you 
whenever  you  go  among  them.  You  must  keep  this  faculty  strictly 
under  the  control  of  moral  principle,  or  it  will  lead  to  harm  rather 
than  good  to  the  little  ones  you  love  so  well.  Restrain.  [44.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  capable  of  loving  your  own  children  well,  and 
will  do  and  sacrifice  much  for  them,  but  will  not  be  over-indulgent, 
and  will  feel  no  very  strong  attraction  toward  children  generally,  or 
toward  animal  pets.  Cultivate.  [43.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  will  love,  your  own  children,  but  will  care 
little  for  those  of  others.  If  Benevolence  be  large,  you  will  be  tender 
toward  the  helpless  infant,  but  will  like  children  better  as  they  grow 
older.  Cultivate.  [43.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  indifferent  even  toward  your  own 
children,  if  you  have  any,  and  cold  toward  all  others ;  can  bear  little 
from  them,  and  are  not  calculated  to  win  their  affections.  You  care 
toothing  for  pets.  Cultivate.  [43.] 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  16*1 

(2.)  SMALL.— You  are  inclined  to  be  cold  and  indifferent  toward  your 
own  children,  and  to  manifest  a  positive  dislike  for  all  others.  You 
need  to  bring  your  Benevolence,  Adhesiveness,  and  Conscientiousness 
to  bear  in  your  dealings  with  them  as  well  as  to  assiduously  cultivate 
Parental  Love.  [43.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  will  manifest  little  or  no  love  for  children, 
but  will  be  guided  in  your  treatment  of  them  by  other  faculties. 
Cultivate.  [43.1 

XV.— FRIENDSHIP. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  exceedingly  warm-hearted,  affectionate, 
and  devoted ;  are  ready  to  make  any  sacrifice  for  your  friends ;  are 
blind  to  their  defects  and  faults,  and  too  much  wrapped  up  in  them 
for  your  own  welfare  or  peace  of  mind.  You  should  remember  that 
even  in  friendship  there  may  be  an  abnormal  or  perverted  action — a 
mania,  as  it  were — and  keep  your  heart  free  from  idolatry.  Even  your 
friends  are  human  and  have  their  weaknesses.  Restrain.  [46.} 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  very  social,  warm-hearted,  and  affectionate, 
"  enjoy  the  society  of  your  friends  in  a  high  degree ;  cling  to  those  you 
love  through  all  changes  of  time  and  circumstance.  Once  a  friend, 
you  are  one  forever — in  adversity  as  in  prosperity — to  aid,  encourage, 
sympathize  with,  and  console  while  living  and  to  mourn  when  der 
parted.  You  must  be  very  careful  in  the  choice  of  your  friends,  for 
you  are  liable  to  suffer  much  from  the  unworthiness  and  ingratitude 
of  those  to  whom. you  may  become  attached.  You  are  hospitable,  and 
delight  to  entertain  your  friends  at  the  social  board ;  are  very  popular 
among  those  who  know  you;  are  generally  beloved,  and  have  few 
enemies.  Restrain.  [46.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  friendly  and  companionable  with  those  whom 
you  deem  worthy,  but  are  not  disposed  to  sacrifice  too  much  in  their 
behalf;  are  hospitable;  cordial  in  your  intercourse  with  those  around 
you,  and  disposed  to  make  friends;  but  your  attachments  are  not 
always  lasting,  and  you  do  not  bind  others  to  you  by  very  strong  bonds 
of  affection  ;  neither  are  you  likely  to  make  many  enemies.  [44.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  can  make  friends,  and  are  capable  of  consider- 
able affection  for  them  under  favorable  circumstances,  but  will  not  be 
likely  to  mourn  greatly  over  their  absence.  With  large  Acquisitive- 
ness, you  will  be  apt  to  place  business  before  friends,  and  make  use  of 
them  to  promote  your  interests,  rather  thai  to  sacrifice  your  interests 
in  their  behalf.  Cultivate.  [46.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  form  but  few  attachments,  and  manifest  but  a 
moderate  degree  of  affection  for  any  one.  If  you  make  friends,  it  is 
more  likely  to  be  through  some  other  good  qualities  you  may  possess 
than  through  your  social  nature ;  and  while  you  may  be  greatly  re*- 
spected  and  esteemed,  you  are  not  likely  to  be  so  generally  loyed. 
Cultivate.  [46.] 


162          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  do  not  like  society,  and  are  cold  and  indifferent 
toward  those  around  you ;  have  neither  the  desire  nor  the  ability  to 
make  friends,  and  possess  little  faith  in  friendship.  Cultivate.  [46.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  seem  to  be  utterly  incapable  of  feeling 
friendship,  or  awakening  it  in  others.  Cultivate.  [46.] 

XVI.— INHABITIVENESS. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — Your  love  of  home  and  country  is  very  strong 
indeed,  and  you  are  liable  to  the  most  terrible  feeling  of  homesickness 
when  absent  from  them.  You  prefer  poverty  and  the  humblest  posi- 
tion in  life  at  home  to  wealth  and  station  abroad, -and  would  willingly 
die  for  "  the  old  flag,"  which  is  to  you  the  symbol  of  all  that  is  dearest 
on  earth.  Restrain.  [47.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  very  strongly  attached  to  home;  love  your 
native  land  with  a  pure  devotion ;  leave  your  place  of  abode  with  great 
reluctance,  and  are  homesick  and  miserable  if  compelled  to  remain 
long  away  from  it.  You  would  not  like  the  life  of  a  Methodist  itiner- 
ant, who  changes  his  house  so  often.  You  become  strongly  attached 
to  any  place  where  you  may  reside  ;  desire  above  almost  everything 
else  a  home  of  your  own,  and  when  you  have  one,  can  scarcely  be  per- 
suaded  to  leave  it  for  a  day.  To  you, 

Be  it  ever  so  humble,  there's  no  place  like  home ! 
Restrain.    [47.] 

(5.)  FULL — You  manifest  considerable  attachment  to  home  and 
country ;  prefer  to  live  in  one  place,  and  surround  yourself  with  the 
comforts  of  domestic  life;  feel  some  regret  in  leaving  the  place  of 
your  birth,  or  of  long  residence,  but  can  easily  change  if  circumstances 
require  it ;  and  are  not  likely  to  get  homesick  even  if  compelled  to  re- 
main absent  for  a  long  time.  [46.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  have  some  love  for  home,  but  can  change  your 
place  of  abode  without  much  regret,  and  are  not  inclined  to  expend 
much  time  or  money  in  improvements,  or  in  surrounding  yourself  with 
home  comforts.  You  are  never  homesick,  and  if  Locality  be  full  of 
large,  are  fond  of  traveling.  Cultivate.  [47.] 

(3)  or  (2.)  MODERATE  OR  SMALL. — You  care  little  for  home  ot 
country ;  are  cosmopolitan  in  your  tastes,  and  indifferent  about  places, 
You  like  to  travel,  and,  with  Continuity  small,  enjoy  constant  change 
of  scene.  Cultivate.  [47.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  have  no  local  attachments  ;  can  "  pull  up 
stakes "  and  pack  off  on  short  notice.  You  rather  prefer  to  live  the 
life  of  a  vagabond.  Cultivate.  [47.] 

XVII.— CONTINUITY. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  have  great  application,  and  can  attend  to 
but  one  tiling  at  a  time,  and  must  stick  to  anything  you  have  com* 


MENTAL    FACULTIES. 

menced  till  you  finish  it ;  are  apt  to  be  tedious  and  prolix,  and  to  ex- 
haust the  patience  of  your  hearers  or  readers,  as  well  as  the  subject  of 
discourse.  All  sudden  changes  are  distasteful  to  you,  and  there  is  a 
tendency  to  a  monotonous  sameness  in  everything  you  do.  Restrain. 
[49.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  have  great  capacity  for  following  out  a  train  of 
thought  and  concentrating  all  your  faculties  upon  one  subject,  and  are 
noted  for  thoroughness  in  your  studies,  or  in  working  out  the  details  of 
any  plan  you  have  to  execute.  When  you  have  commenced  any  piece 
of  work,  you  wish  to  finish  it  before  commencing  anything  else,  and 
are  annoyed  by  interruption  or  change  of  programme.  In  talking  or 
writing  you  are  liable,  unless  you  take  pains  to  guard  yourself  against 
it,  to  become  prolix  and  tedious;  tell  long  stories;  are  sometimes 
absent-minded  ;  very  persistent  and  steady  in  any  course  of  action  de- 
termined upon,  and  have  no  patience  with  fickleness  or  sudden  changes 
of  plan.  Restrain.  [49.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  like  to  carry  out  to  completion  anything  you  have 
commenced,  but  are  not  greatly  annoyed  by  interruption,  and  can  lay 
down  one  thing  and  take  up  another  without-much  disadvantage.  Are 
tolerably  thorough  and  patient ;  can  concentrate  your  thoughts  when 
occasion  requires  it,  and  follow  out  a  subject  in  all  its  details,  but  are 
not  inclined  to  be  tedious  or  "  long-winded."  [47.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  can  concentrate  your  thoughts  upon  one  thing, 
and  dwell  upon  it  till  fully  elaborated,  or  you  can  readily  divert  your 
attention  to  other  matters ;  prefer  to  do  one  thing  at  a  time,  but  can 
have  several  irons  in  the  fire  at  once,  and  attend  to  them  all ;  are  capa- 
ble of  consecutive  thinking,  but  never  tedious,  and  generally  talk  or 
write  to  the  point.  [47.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  love  variety ;  change  readily  from  one  thing 
to  another;  commence  many  things  that  you  never  finish;  think 
clearly,  perhaps,  but  not  always  consecutively ;  lack  connectedness 
and  application,  and  should  aim  at  more  fixedness  of  mind  and  steadi- 
ness of  character.  Cultivate.  [48.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  inclined  to  be  very  rambling  and  incoherent ; 
very  ready  to  begin,  but  having  too  little  perseverance  to  finish ;  fly 
rapidly  from  one  thing  to  another,  and  no  one  ever  knows  where  to  find 
you,  or  in  what  mood  to  receive  you.  You  talk  about  several  things 
at  once,  and  the  listener  is  seldom  much  wiser  for  the  information  you 
geek  to  impart.  You  should  have  been  a  butterfly.  Cultivate.  [48.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  are  made  up  of  change  and  restlessness,  and 
are  never  the  same  two  minutes  at  a  time.  Cultivate.  [48.] 

XVIII.-VITATIVENESS. 

(7)  VERY  LARGE. — You  have  an  astonishingly  tenacious  hold  upon 
life ;  resist  disease  with  the  utmost  determination,  and  will  die  at  last 


164:         DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

only  after  a  protracted  struggle.  Your  dread  of  the  final  change  tft 
which  all  mortals  are  subject  is  too  great,  and  you  should  learn  to  look 
at  it  through  the  medium  of  religious  faith  rather  than  that  of  animal 
instinct.  Restrain.  [50.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  cling  to  life  with  great  tenacity,  and  shrink  from 
death  as  if  it  were  annihilation.  Your  power  to  resist  disease  is  such 
that  you  will  "  never  say  die;"  and  will  recover  under  circumstances 
which  would  preclude  hope  in  the  case  of  any  one  less  largely  en- 
dowed with  Vitativeness.  You  wTill  not  be  likely  to  "  die  before  your 
time,"  unless  by  accident ;  but  should  learn  to  fear  death  less,  through 
faith  in  the  LIFE  TO  COME.  Restrain.  [50.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  love  life,  and  are  disposed  to  cling  to  it  with  te- 
nacity ;  can  resist  disease  with  considerable  power ;  but  have  no  great 
dread  of  death,  especially  if  Hope  and  Spirituality  be  full  or  large,  and 
if  your  Christian  philosophy  be  correct  on  this  subject.  [49.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  love  of  life  is  fair,  and  you  are  not  disposed  to 
yield  unresistingly  to  the  encroachments  of  disease,  but  have  less 
power  to  resist  sickness  and  death  than  one  more  largely  developed  in 
the  region  of  Vitativencss.  Cultivate.  [50.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — Your  hold  of  life  is  not  very  strong;  you  care 
comparatively  little  for  existence,  for  its  own  sake,  but  like  to  live  on 
account  of  family  or  friends,  or  with  a  view  to  do  good  in  the  world, 
and  will  yield  without  any  great  or  prolonged  resistance  to  the  attacks 
of  disease.  Cultivate.  [50.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  little  dread  of  death ;  no  great  power  to  re- 
sist disease,  and  care  to  live  rather  for  the  sake  of  others  than  from  any 
love  of  life  for  its  own  sake.  You  would  be  likely  to  soon  sink  under 
the  attacks  of  any  serious  disease.  Cultivate.  [50.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  have  little  if  any  desire  to  live  merely  for  the 
sake  of  life  itself,  but  value  existence  only  as  an  opportunity  to  gratify 
the  other  faculties.  You  should  try  to  appreciate  more  fully  the  value 
of  life  and  health,  and  your  duty  in  regard  to  their  preservation  and 
enjoyment.  Cultivate.  [50.] 

XIX.— COMBATIVENESS. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  remarkably  energetic,  determined,  and 
courageous ;  ready  to  grapple  with  anything,  fight  against  any  odds, 
or  to  face  danger  or  death  in  any  form ,-  let  no  difficulties  discourage 
or  baffle  you  ;  love  hazardous  enterprises;  prefer  a  rough,  daring  life; 
and,  if  Cautiousness  be  only  moderate,  have  more  valor  than  discre- 
tion. With  a  lack  of  moral  restraint,  or  intemperate  habits  and  low  as- 
sociates, you  would  be  quarrelsome,  desperate,  and  dangerous.  Re- 
strain. [53.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  resolute,  brave,  determined;  fond  of  argu- 
ment ;  with  large  Approbativeness,_qmck  to  resent  an  insult ;  always 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  165 

ready  to  resist  any  encroachment  upon  your  rights ;  high-tempered ; 
fond  of  opposition ;  energetic  in  carrying  out  your  plans ;  delight  in 
opposing  obstacles ;  are  spirited  and  cool  in  times  of  danger ;  never 
lose  your  presence  of  mind ;  and  if  unfavorably  organized  in  other  re- 
spects, or  with  bad  habits  and  coarse  and  low-bred  companions,  may  be 
pugnacious  and  quarrelsome.  Under  the  control  of  the  intellect  and 
the  moral  sentiments,  your  energy  and  propelling  power  may  be  turned 
to  good  account,  and  made  a  blessing  to  yourself  and  the  world.  Re- 
strain. [53.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  manifest  a  disposition  similar  to  that  described  in 
(6),  in  a  somewhat  lower  degree  ;  do  not  lack  courage,  energy,  or  relish 
for  argument,  but  are  not  naturally  contentious  or  quarrelsome.  You 
may  consider  yourself  happily  endowed  in  respect  to  this  element  of 
character.  [50.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  manifestation  of  courage  and  energy  will  de- 
pend in  a  measure  upon  circumstances.  You  can  be  aroused  to  the 
manifestation  of  a  good  degree  of  combative  spirit,  and  with  large 
Conscientiousness,  Firmness,  Self-Esteem,  and  Approbativeness  to 
back  up  Combativeness,  may  stand  your  ground  resolutely  and  strike 
boldly  in  a  good  cause ;  but  with  these  organs  moderate  or  small,  and 
Cautiousness  large,  would  be  at  times  irresolute,  or  even  cowardly. 
Cultivate.  [53.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  inefficient  and  too  little  disposed  to 
assert  and  maintain  your  rights ;  give  way  too  readily  to  opposition ; 
avoid  argument  and  contention  and  show  little  resentment;  shrink  too 
much  from  rough  and  disagreeable  contacts ;  and  will  surrender  much 
for  the  sake  of  peace.  Cultivate.  [53.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  lack  self-defense ;  are  too  gentle ;  can  not  say 
"  no ;"  and  are  deficient  in  energy  and  spirit.  Cultivate.  [50.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  are  almost  destitute  of  courage  and  energy. 
Cultivate.  [53.] 

XX.— DESTRUCTIVEKESS.* 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  very  executive,  can  do  two  days'  work 
in  one,  and  are  exceedingly  resolute ;  if  perverted,  you  are  prone  to 
anger,  and  when  greatly  provoked  may  give  way  to  ungovernable 
rage;  and  become  stern,  harsh,  and  violent;  feel  and  manifest  the 
most  terrible  indignation  ;  take  pleasure  in  destroying  and  exterminat- 
ing whatever  seems  to  be  inimical  to  your  wishes  or  stands  in  the  way 
of  your  plans ;  have  extraordinary  executive  ability ;  will  bear  down 
all  opposition ;  can  endure  pain  heroically,  or,  if  need  be,  inflict  it  upon 
others  without  compunction  if  not  with  positive  pleasure.  Your 
powerful  executiveness  must  be  kept  strictly  under  the  control  of 

*  We  prefer  the  term  EXECUTIVENESS  to  that  of  Destmctiveness. 


166          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

reason  and  moral  principle,  or  it  may  at  times  manifest  itself  in  acts 
of  violence,  cruelty,  and  revenge.  Restrain.  [57.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — When  angry  you  are  inclined  to  be  very  bitter,  severe, 
and  cutting,  and  to  use  the  most  forcible  language  to  express  your 
indignation;  are  apt  to  be  unsparing  and,  with  small  Benevolence, 
merciless ;  manifest  great  energy  and  executive  power ;  take  pleasure 
in  breaking,  pulling  down,  uprooting,  and  destroying ;  could  assist  in 
cutting  off  an  arm  or  a  leg  without  faltering,  or  submit  one  of  your  own 
limbs  unflinchingly  to  the  surgeon,  if  necessary;  are  not  averse  to 
killing  animals  ;  are  fond  of  flesh  meat ;  and  probably  like  your  steaks 
"  rare."  You  need  the  restraining  influences  of  large  Benevolence, 
Conscientiousness,  and  Cautiousness  to  keep  your  anger  and  your 
disposition  to  punish  and  destroy  within  proper  bounds.  Restrain. 
[57.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  can  be  forcible,  determined,  and  indignant  when 
aroused,  but  are  not  disposed  to  be  vindictive,  cruel,  or  unforgiving. 
Your  anger  is  more  likely  to  expend  itself  in  sarcasm  and  bitter 
invectives  than  in  acts  of  violence,  but  you  may  resort  to  force  if  too 
much  provoked ;  will  manifest  a  good  degree  of  fortitude  and  energy 
in  business ;  and  can  endure  or  inflict  pain  if  necessary,  but  rather 
shrink  from  it.  [54.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  manifestations  are  similar  to  those  described 
in  (5),  only  in  a  lower  degree.  Cultivate.  [56.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  not  very  forcible,  executive,  or  severe; 
your  anger  is  not  deep  and  you  threaten  more  than  you  execute ;  you 
shrink  from  pain  and  inflict  it  upon  others  very  reluctantly ;  are  likely 
to  be  more  beloved  than  feared.  Cultivate.  [56.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  too  tender-hearted  ;  very  deficient  in  energy ; 
can  neither  bear  suffering  with  fortitude  nor  inflict  even  necessary 
pain  without  great  compunction.  Cultivate.  [56.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  are  almost  destitute  of  this  faculty.  Cul- 
tivate. [56.] 

XXI.— ALIMENTIVENESS. 

(7.)  VERT  LARGE. — You  enjoy  your  food  very  greatly ;  are  inclined 
to  epicurean  habits ;  find  it  difficult  to  control  your  appetite ;  live  to 
eat  rather  than  eat  to  live  ;  are  in  danger  of  eating  more  than  nature 
requires,  and  of  ruining  your  digestive  powers  by  gormandizing. 
Restrain.  [58.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — Your  appetite  is  generally  excellent;  you  fully  appre- 
ciate the  good  things  of  the  table  ;  are  in  danger  of  over-eating  rather 
than  eating  too  little  ;  give  your  meals  a  too  important  place  in  your 
thoughts  and  in  your  arrangements  ;  and  should  guard  yourself 
against  excesses.  Restrain.  [58.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  a  good  appetite  when  in  health,  and  cat 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  167 

heartily  of  whatever  is  set  before  you ;  enjoy  the  pleasures  of  the  table, 
but  do  not  set  a  too  high  value  upon  them ;  and  you  can  control  your,j 
love  for  food  and  drink,  making  them  subservient  to  their  higher  pur/j 
poses.     [58.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  enjoy  your  food  well,  but  can  easily  control 
petite,  and  are  seldom  disposed  to  over-eat.    [58.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  inclined  to  be  dainty ;  have  no  very 
love  for  the  luxuries  of  the  table,  but  are  particular  in  regard  ty>  th< 
quality  and  preparation  of  your  food.  You  eat  to  live,  and  not  flfcr  the 
pleasure  of  eating.  [58.]  / 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  no  great  relish  for  food,  and  care  little  what 
you  eat,  provided  it  will  sustain  life.  Cultivate.  [58.]  </ 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  have  little  or  no  appetite.     CuUmMe.    [58.] 

XXII.— BIBATIVENESS.  / 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE.— You  are  exceedingly  fond  of  watefr ;  love  bath- 
ing, swimming,  sailing,  etc.;  and  with  a  perverted  Appetite  might 
easily  contract  the  habit  of  drinking  intoxicating  liquors  to  excess, 
this  being  the  form  in  which  a  perversion  of  this  fa^tiytty  is  apt  to  mani- 
fest itself.  You  should  beware  of  the  "  social  glafsa/'  Restrain.  [59.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  often  thirsty,  and  experience  great  pleasure  in 
drinking  ;  also  enjoy  washing,  bathing,  swimmbzfg,  etc.  [59.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  enjoy  water  both  internal!^  and  externally  in  a 
fair  degree.  [59.] 

(4)  and  (3.)  AVERAGE  OR  MODERATE. — Yofa  are  not  fond  of  water ; 
are  rather  averse  to  bathing ;  dislike  swimming,  sailing,  etc.,  and  shrink 
from  a  sea  voyage  as  something  fearful.  Chiltivate.  [59.] 

(2.)  SMALL — You  care  little  for  liquids  in  any  form;  prefer  solid 
food ;  do  not  like  to  bathe ;  and  avoid  g/ing  into  or  upon  the  water  if 
possible.  Cultivate.  [59.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL.— You  have  an  ins/mctive  aversion  to  water.  Cul- 
tivate. [59.] 

XXIII.— ACQUISITIVENESS. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — Your  desire /for  accumulation  is  excessive ;  you 
love  money  with  a  devotion  approaching  to  idolatry ;  are  close-fisted  ;  j 
make  hard  bargains ;  are  meanly  economical ;  place  the  possession  of 
property  above  everything  else ;  are  penurious,  avaricious,  and  miserly, 
and  can  be  restrained  from  taking  dishonest  advantages  to  secure  the 
coveted  gain  only  by  a  good  development  of  Conscientiousness  ;  with 
this  you  will  be  honest,  but  close  and  exacting.  Restrain.  [62.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  have  the  disposition  and  ability  to  turn  everything 
to  a  good  account ;  are  industrious,  economical,  and  close ;  buy  cheaply 
and  sell  at  the  highest  price ;  have  great  love  for  wealth,  and  a  strong 
tendency  to  accumulate,  but,  with  large  Benevolence,  spend  freely 


DELINEATION    OF    CHAKACTER. 

where  your  sympathies  may  be  enlisted.    You  are  liable,  unless  you 

\  hold  this  strong  propensity  in  check,  to  become  penurious  and  miserly 

Ws  you  grow  older.     Conscientiousness,  Benevolence,  and  Adhesiveness 

should  be  constantly  called  into  action  with  Acquisitiveness,  so  that 

everything  shall  be  honestly  got  and  liberally  expended,  for  the  benefit 

of\  the  world  in  general  and  of  your  friends  and  neighbors  in  par- 

ticilar.    Restrain.     [62.] 

(5\)  FULL. — You  are  industrious  in  acquiring ;  take  good  care  of  what 
you  get ;  value  property  for  its  uses ;  are  saving,  but  not  avaricious  or 
close;^  ready  to  help  your  friends,  but  not  willing  to  impoverish  your- 
self, arid  are  not  likely  to  spend  quite  so  fast  as  you  earn.  [59.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  have  a  fair  appreciation  of  the  value  of  prop- 
erty, ancfr  considerable  desire  to  accumulate,  but  will  be  governed  in 
your  expenditures  by  other  faculties,  and  may  keep  yourself  poor  by 
living  up  t)^  the  limits  of  your  income.  Cautiousness  should  be  called 
to  the  aid  or\  Acquisitiveness,  so  that  provision  be  made  for  the  future. 
Cultivate.  [6\.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  may  seek  property  with  considerable  zeal  and 
interest,  but  will  Bailie  it  merely  as  a  means,  not  as  an  end ;  will  be 
economical  whenXyour  necessities  require  it,  but  are  apt  to  disregard 
small  expenses,  ancl  are  very  likely  to  spend  about  as  fast  as  you  earn. 
Your  money  -makings talent  is  but  moderate,  and  you  have  no  love  for 
"  buying,  selling,  and  Vetting  gain"  for  its  own  sake.  -Cultivate.  [61.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  hold  your  money  too  loosely  ;  have  more  talent 
for  spending  than  for  getting  ;  are  liable  to  contract  habits  of  extrava- 
gance, and  to  live  beyondx  your  means.  Cultivate.  [61.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You\are  wasteful,  extravagant,  and  idle,  and  will 
probably  always  be  poor.  Cultivate.  [61.] 

XXIV.— SECRETIVENESS. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — Your  ability  to  restrain  your  feelings,  to  evade 
scrutiny,  and  to  conceal  your  plans  and  intentions  is  very  great.  You 
are  reserved,  politic,  guarded,  shrewd,  enigmatical,  and  mysterious ;  so 
much  so,  perhaps,  that  your  most  intimate  friends  are  never  sure  that 
they  really  understand  or  know  you.  With  small  Conscientiousness 
you  would  be  tricky,  deceptive,  double-dealing,  and  untrustworthy, 
and  might,  with  large  Acquisitiveness  and  small  Cautiousness,  both 
cheat  and  falsify.  Restrain.  [64.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  reserved  in  the  expression  of  your  sentiments; 
keep  your  plans  and  designs  to  yourself;  are  very  discreet;  delight  in 
concealment ;  are  fond  of  surprising  your  friends ;  incline  to  practice 
strategy;  prefer  indirect  approaches  to  a  straightforward  course  ;  and, 
even  when  your  purposes  are  entirely  honest  and  commendable,  may 
often  resort  to  cunning  devices  to  accomplish  them.  Your  character 
and  intentions  are  too  carefully  covered  up,  and  you  subject  yourself 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  169 

to  suspicion  where  there  is  no  better  ground  for  it  than  the  uncertainty 
by  which  you  delight  to  surround  yourself  and  your  affairs. 
Acquisitiveness  large,  you  will  get,  and  try  to  keep,  all  the  property 
3rou  can.    Restrain.     [64.] 

(5.)  FULL.— You  can  keep  a  secret ;  have  a  good  degree  of  self-g<7V- 
ernment ;  can  conceal  your  emotions  if  necessary ;  keep  your 
well  hidden ;  and  are  discreet,  but  not  disposed  to  be  cunning,  sl}  Or 
hypocritical.  [62.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  have  no  great  degree  of  reserve ;  are  in</clined 
to  be  outspoken  and  frank,  but  can  keep  your  own  counsel  fymd  re- 
strain the  manifestation  of  your  feelings,  except  under  violent*,  excite- 
ment, when  you  are  liable  to  give  your  emotions  or  opin  Ions  full 
expression.  [62.]  ; 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  inclined  to  pursue  an  open //and  direct 
course  ;  to  express  your  sentiments  fully  on  proper  occasions  ;  possess 
little  reserve,  and  are  liable,  in  unguarded  moments,  to  imprudence  in 
speech  if  not  in  conduct.  You  are  sincere  and  frankjAnd  generally 
express  your  thoughts  and  emotions  in  a  clear,  unequivocal  manner. 
Your  friends  know  just  what  you  are,  see  both  you£  /virtues  and  your 
faults,  and  will  find  you  neither  better  nor  worse  tluyh  you  seem.  [62.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  open,  spontaneous,  and/ transparent ;  have 
little  power  or  disposition  to  conceal  your  feeling  and  generally  speak 
out  exactly  what  you  think.  Policy,  cunning,  /evasion,  equivocation, 
strategem,  and  indirection  have  no  place  in  yo/ur  nature  ;  but  you  are 
open  and  above-board  in  everything.  You  halve  hardly  enough  policy, 
restraint,  or  self-government  for  your  own  gcsod.  Cultivate.  [64.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  disclose  everything;  can  not  keep  a 
secret ;  and  tell  all  you  know,  if  not  rnore/^  Cultivate.  [64.] 

XXV.  CAUTIOUSNESS. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  too  ca/utious,  watchful,  anxious,  and 
easily  worried  ;  are  in  perpetual  fear  of  evils  and  accidents ;  dare  not 
advance  lest  you  should  go  wrong ;  aife  timid,  afraid  to  take  responsi- 
bilities or  to  run  risks ;  procrastinating,  cowardly,  and  easily  thrown 
into  a  panic.  You  are  made  miserable  by  groundless  fears,  and  should 
try  to  make  use  of  your  reason  in  combating  them.  Restrain.  [67.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  careful,  prudent,  watchful,  anxious,  and  apt  to 
procrastinate ;  are  slow  in  coming  to  a  decision ;  try  to  be  always  on 
the  safe  side  ;  are  judicious  in  making  plans,  but  apt  to  be  more  slow 
and  cautious  in  carrying  them  out  than  is  consistent  with  the  highest 
success,  and  lose  many  a  good  opportunity  through  fear  to  take  a  little 
risk.  You  are  apt  to  be  over-solicitous  about  the  health  or  welfare  of 
children  or  friends,  and  to  give  yourself  unnecessary  pain  in  view  of 
evils  which  may  never  come.  Restrain.  [67.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  generally  careful,  prudent,  and  deliberate ;  are 


170  DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

not  inclined  to  procrastinate,  but  take  proper  time  to  consider;  are 
watchful  rather  than  suspicious;  are  judiciously  cautious,  but  not 
timid.  Under  excitement  you  might  act  rashly ;  but  are  generally  safe, 

id  work  with  well-laid  plans.     [65.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  capable  of  being  prudent  and  careful,  but 
w\Hh  an  excitable  temperament  may  be  rash  and  unreliable,  acting 
ratyier  from  impulse  than  from  judgment ;  are  inclined  to  act  rather 
hastily,  and  may  sometimes  get  into  trouble  by  a  lack  of  due  delibera- 
tionA  Cultivate.  [66.] 

(3.)\  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  careless  and  imprudent;  liable  to 
suffer  Vrom  want  of  forethought ;  meet  with  many  accidents  ;  take  too 
many  r\Jsks ;  undertake  enterprises  without  counting  the  cost ;  are 
afraid  ofVothing ;  and  are  apt  to  "  get  into  hot  water."  Cultivate.  [66.] 

(2.)  SM^LL. — You  do  not  know  what  fear  is;  are  rash,  reckless, 
and  liable  Ito  rush  headlong  into  difficulties.  Cultivate.  [66.] 

(1.)  VERY\  SMALL. — You  are  as  described  in  (2),  only  in  a  lower 
degree.  Hav^  B»  prudence.  Cultivate.  [66.] 

XXVI.— APPROBATIVENESS. 

(7.)  VERT  LA^GE. — You  are  exceedingly  sensitive  to  praise  or 
blame ;  care  too  imich  for  public  opinion ;  are  mortified  by  censure 
and  greatly  elated  M)y  words  of  commendation  ;  are  ambitious  of 
notoriety,  distinctionXor  respectability ;  and  are  liable,  if  this  faculty 
be  not  kept  under  goocl  control,  to  be  ostentatious  and  vain.  You  are 
obsequious  where  courttesy  only  is  required.  Restrain.  [69.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  jfond  of  praise  and  easily  wounded  by  a  word 
of  censure  or  criticism ;  are  too  anxious  to  please  others,  too  ambitious 
to  shine,  and  too  much  alive  to  the  smiles  or  frowns  of  the  public  for 
your  own  peace  of  mind.  You  are  polite  and  courteous  in  the  extreme, 
and  unless  Conscientiousness\be  large  may  sometimes  be  false  to  truth 
and  duty  for  the  sake  of*  beiri^  agreeable,  or  be  guided  too  much  in 
What  you  say  and  do  by  the  consideration  of  what  others  may  think  or 
say  of  you.  Self-Esteem  and  Conscientiousness  should  be  exercised 
against  your  too  great  susceptibility  to  the  influence  of  public  opinion. 
No  matter  what  "  Mrs.  Grundy  "  may  s&y.  Restrain.  [69.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  a  good  degree  of  respect  for  the  opinions  of 
others ;  value  praise,  but  will  not  sacrifice  self-respect  or  principle  to 
gain  it;  can  endure  censure  when  administered  in  a  proper  spirit;  like 
to  appear  well,  but  are  not  over-anxious  about  appearances ;  with  large 
Cautiousness  value  character  highly;  are  courteous  but  not  obsequi- 
ous ;  and  have  a  fine  degree  of  ambition.  [67.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  not  insensible  to  praise  or  blame,  but  are 
rather  independent  and  careless  of  public  opinion  ;  you  appreciate  the 
commendation  of  your  fellow-men,  but  are  not  much  elated  by  praise 
or  deeply  wounded  by  censure.  You  are  not  given  to  flattery  or 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  171 

Insincere  compliments  ;  and  are  hardly  enough  disposed  to  practice  the 
graces  of  courtesy  or  to  assume  a  winning  address.     Cultivate.     [69.] 

(3.)  MODERATE.— You  have  but  little  regard  for  popularity ;  are  not 
very  complaisant,  and  despise  flattery  and  idle  compliments.  Censure, 
does  not  disturb  you,  and  you  care  little  for  praise.  Cultivate.  [69.] 

(2.)  SMALL.— You  care  little  what  others  think  or  say  of  you ; 
no  respect  for  etiquette,  style,  or  fashion ;  are  brusque  and  unpleasi^ 
in  manners;  and  too  independent  to  be  popular  or  beloved;  put  j/too 
low  an  estimate  on  public  opinion.     Cultivate.     [69.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL.— You  are  indifferent  alike  to  praise  and  eery  sure, 
and  care  nothing  for  reputation.  Cultivate.  [69.] 


XXVII.— SELF-ESTEEM. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  very  dignified,  haughty,  tynperious, 
domineering,  proud,  high-headed,  and  stiff-necked;  place ;'self  above 
everything  else ;  are  ambitious  and  aspiring  in  the  highest  diegree ;  and 
unless  restrained  by  other  strong  faculties  are  liable  to  be  s/alf-conceited, 
supercilious,  and  repulsively  pompous  and  overbearing.  Veneration 
should  be  made,  as  far  as  possible,  to  off-set  your7self-sufficiency. 
Humble  yourself  before  God,  if  not  in  the  presence/of  man.  What 
are  you  but  a  worm  of  the  dust  ?  Restrain.  [72.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  think  quite  highly  enough  of /your  own  abilities  ; 
are  very  self-reliant ;  are  proud  and  dignified  ;  seYdom  ask  advice,  and 
never  follow  it  when  given;  will  not  stoop  e#en  to  conquer;  aim 
high ;  are  not  satisfied  with  moderate  success  or/with  a  small  business ; 
desire  to  surpass  all  others — to  stand  at  the  he4d  of  your  class  or  pro- 
fession ;  and  with  Hope  full  or  large,  "  know  no  such  word  as  fail." 
With  large  moral  organs,  you  will  commandL  universal  respect;  but  if 
governed  by  the  propensities,  will  be  egotistical,  haughty,  domineering, 
and  rather  feared  and  hated  than  esteemed.  Restrain.  [72.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  evince  a  good  degrep  of  self-respect,  dignity,  and 
aspiration,  but  are  not  proud,  overbearing,  or  greedy  of  power ;  are 
disposed  to  listen  to  advice  though  yciu  may  seldom  follow  it;  and 
prefer  the  place  of  a  leader  to  that  of  a  follower.  Respecting  yourself, 
you  will  secure  the  respect  of  your  fellow-men.  [69.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  manifestation  of  this  faculty  will  depend 
mainly  upon  its  combination  with  those  that  are  larger,  but  you  are  in> 
clined,  in  the  main,  to  place  about  a  fair  estimate  upon  yourself  and  to 
act  with  a  becoming  degree  of  ambition,  dignity,  and  self-reliance. 
Cultivate.  [71.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  humble  than  proud;  underrate 
your  own  abilities  and  worth ;  lack  dignity  and  self-assertion ;  allow 
your  inferiors  to  take  leading  positions  which  of  right  belong  to  your- 
eelf ;  are  apt  to  put  yourself  upon  an  equality  wifti  the  unworthy,  and 
to  do  trifling  or  mean  things  of  which  you  are  01^erward  ashamed  j 


172          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

lack  dignity ;  and  are  too  familiar  with  inferiors  to  be  respected  even 
by  them.     Cultivate.     [71.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  lack  self-appreciation,  dignity,  and  independence  ; 
are  too  humble ;  easily  discouraged ;  have  too  poor  an  opinion  of 
^yourself  to  command  the  respect  of  the  world.  Cultivate.  [71.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  seem  to  be  nearly  destitute  of  this  faculty. 
'ivate.     [71.] 

XXVIII.— FIRMNESS. 

VERY  LARGE. — You  can  not  be  driven,  and  are  not  easily  per- 
suadeKl ;  are  sometimes  disposed  to  be  obstinate ;  have  an  unshaken 
stabiliVy  of  purpose ;  are  very  persevering,  tenacious,  and  averse  to 
change\  and  sometimes  defeat  your  own  purposes  by  too  great  self- 
will.  Oiae  often  gains  a  great  deal  by  yielding  a  little.  Try  to  be 
more  pliaW  Restrain.  [74.] 

(6.)  LAR^E. — With  moral  principles,  you  would  be  steadfast  and  reli- 
able ;  can  noit  be  driven ;  are  not  easily  convinced  that  you  are  wrong ; 
p.  enerally  carW  your  point  by  persistent  effort ;  are  very  determined 
and  positive ;\et  in  your  way;  sometimes  willful,  if  not  obstinate. 
With  large  Causality  you  may  yield  to  reason,  or  with  large  Adhe- 
siveness be  persuaded  by  friends ;  but  with  Combativeness  and  Firm- 
ness well  developed,,  adhere  tenaciously  to  preconceived  opinions,  right 
or  wrong,  and  never\ change  a  plan  once  adopted.  Restrain.  [74.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  manifest  a  good  degree  of  stability,  determination, 
and  perseverance,  but\are  not  set  in  your  way  or  obstinate,  and  can 
change  your  opinions  oft  purposes  when  they  are  shown  to  be  erroneous 
or  impracticable.  Under  the  influence  of  large  Cautiousness,  you  may 
evince  irresolution  and  procrastination;  but  with  Conscientiousness 
well  developed,  can  not  be  turned  from  what  you  think  truth  and  right 
require  of  you.  You  are  more  easily  persuaded  than  driven.  Cul- 
tivate. [74.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  have  hardly  enough  stability  and  fixedness  of 
purpose,  and  unless  this  faculty  be  supported  by  full  or  large  Com- 
bativeness, Conscientiousness,  or  Causality,  will  be  too  easily  influenced 
by  those  around  you,  and  too  ready  to  abandon  your  positions  if 
attacked.  Cultivate.  [74.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  too  much  inclined  to  change ;  too  easily 
persuaded ;  lack  steadfastness ;  are  prone  to  say  "  I  can't ;"  are  often 
irresolute,  and  inclined  to  go  with  the  current.  Cultivate.  [74.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  unstable  and  wavering ;  fitful,  impulsive,  and 
fickle ;  have  no  will  of  your  own,  and  are  liable  to  be  constantly  the 
victim  of  circumstances.  Cultivate.  [74.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  are  a  perfect  weather  vane,  changing  with 
the  slightest  variation  of  surrounding  circumstances.  Try  to  hold 
yourself  at  a  point.  Cultivate.  [74.] 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  ITS 

XXIX.— CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  governed  by  moral  principle  ;    are 
scrupulously  exact  in  matters  of  right ;  perfectly  honest ;  very  ready    , 
to  accuse  yourself  and  to  repent  of  any  wrong ;  are  inclined  to  be  if 
censorious ;  make  too  little  allowance  for  the  weakness  and  imperfec-f 
tion  of  human  nature ;  are  exacting  of  friends ;  set  up  a  very  higJCi 
standard  of  morality,  and  are  tormented  by  remorse  if  you  go  astrrty 
from  the  narrow  path  you  have  prescribed  for  yourself.     You  aire 
liable,  unless  the  faculty  be  controlled,  to  become  morbidly  sensitive 
in  matters  of  conscience.    Restrcvin.     [76.]  j 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  disposed  to  be  strictly  honest  and  upright  in 
all  your  dealings ;  hate  whatever  is  unjust  or  contrary  to  your  id  kas  of 
right ;  feel  very  guilty  when  conscious  of  having  done  wroivg ;  are 
very  severe  in  your  reproofs  of  wrong-doing,  but  will  forgi*/e  those 
who  show  repentance.  You  always  consult  duty  before  expediency ; 
seek  to  know  what  is  right,  and  then  pursue  it  with  singleness  of  heart ; 
but  with  a  false  education  may  do  conscientiously,  and  in  ttye  belief  that 
ft  is  right,  what  is  really  wrong ;  or  with  strong  propensities  may  be 
led  astray,  but  will  quickly  repent  and  seek  to  reform/"  You  are  per- 
haps inclined  to  be  over-penitent  and  self-accusing  /as  well  as  too 
exacting  and  censorious  in  regard  to  others.  Retiraiifi,  [76.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  strong  feelings  of  justice  $fnd  are  honest  and 
upright  in  all  your  intentions,  but  may  yield  to  the  influence  of  stronger 
faculties  against  your  conscientious  scruples.  You  give  expediency 
some  weight,  but  are  never  wholly  satisfied  with/ yourself  unless  walk- 
ing in  the  path  of  rectitude.  Duty  is  generally  uppermost  in  your 
mind,  but  is  not  always  the  governing  motive/  in  your  conduct.  You 
do  not  always  resist  temptation,  and  often  sin/^  but  as  often  repent  with 
sorrow  and  regret.  Cultivate.  [76.]  / 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  inclined  to  da  what  is  right  and  to  be 
guided  by  moral  principle,  but  have  not  /always  the  strength  to  resist 
the  temptations  held  out  by  stronger  faculties,  and  when  you  do 
wrong  are  inclined  to  justify  yourself.  fcou  are  too  often  governed  in 
your  conduct  by  expediency  rather  than  by  considerations  of  duty  or 
moral  right.  With  large  propensities  and  moderate  Self-Esteem, 
Veneration,  and  Spirituality,  you  may  manifest  much  selfishness  and 
but  a  weak  sense  of  duty,  honor,  or  honesty ;  but  with  these  conditions 
reversed  will  be  honorable  and  trustworthy  under  ordinary  tempta- 
tions. Cultivate.  [76.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — Your  ideas  of  right  and  wrong  are  rather  feeble, 
and  you  are  inclined  to  allow  interest  rather  than  duty  to  rule ;  but 
may  be  restrained  by  Approbativeness  or  Cautiousness  from  dishonest 
or  dishonorable  actions.  Cultivate.  [76.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  few  scruples  of  conscience,  and  do  right  as  a 
matter  of  expediency  or  through  fear  of  the  consequences  of  an 


174:         DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

opposite  course,  rather  than  from  moral  principle ;  are  governed  by 
expediency.     Cultivate.    [76.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL.— You  are  almost  ^itirely  destitute  of  moral 
t  principle.  Cultivate.  [76.] 

XXX.— HOPE. 

VERY  LARGE.  —  Your  expectations  are  almost  unbounded, 
irything  desirable  seems  attainable ;  you  build  castles  in  the  air ; 
hav\e  many  ships  at  sea,  all  of  which  you  think  sure  to  come  in  loaded 
witm  treasures ;  and,  living  in  the  future,  which  is  always  bright,  you 
are  generally  joyous,  sanguine,  and  happy.  You  are  constantly  dis- 
appointed ;  never  realize  half  that  you  expect ;  and  spend  your  life  in 
a  worlov  of  brilliant  illusions.  Restrain.  [78.] 

(6.)  L.WGE. — You  are  inclined  to  overrate  the  future ;  look  on  the 
bright  sicie  of  things ;  overlook  obstacles  arid  evils ;  attempt  much 
more  than\you  can  accomplish ;  console  yourself  when  disappointed 
by  the  anticipation  of  better  fortune  next  time  ;  are  a  firm  believer  in 
"  the  good  tnne  coming ;"  are  sanguine,  buoyant,  and  joyous ;  never 
despair ;  "  hop\  on,  hope  ever ;"  live  in  the  future  more  than  in  the 
present;  are  liable" fo  be  led  rJ;o  extravagant  expenditures  and  exten- 
sive speculations\on  the  most  delusive  grounds  and  with  disastrous 
results.  Restrain.  \  [78.] 

(5.)  FULL. — YouAexpectations  are  generally  reasonable ;  you  are 
sanguine  and  enterprising ;  often  realize  more  than  you  expect.  You 
are  not  much  inclined  to  castle  building,  and  "  when  your  ships  come 
home  from  sea  "  anticipate  only  ordinary  cargoes ;  are  neither  despond- 
ing nor  too  much  elatedX  [77.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  al\e  inclined  to  expect  and  to  attempt  too  little 
rather  than  too  much  ;  get  too  easily  discouraged  by  the  obstacles  you 
encounter,  some  of  them  imaginary ;  look  on  the  dark  side  at  times, 
and  are  disposed  to  be  satisfied  with  the  present  instead  of  looking 
forward  to  the  future ;  generally  count  the  cost  and  make  safe  invest- 
ments. Cultivate.  [78.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  very  moderate  in  your  expectations  of  the 
future ;  inclined  to  despondency ;  often  look  on  the  dark  side ;  lack 
enterprise,  and  are  afraid  to  attempt  any  great  enterprise  ;  make  sure 
gains,  but  small  ones ;  live  in  the  present,  and  have  more  fear  than 
hope  for  the  future.  Cultivate.  [78.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  expect  little  from  the  future  but  misfortune ;  see 
so  many  obstacles  and  discouragements  ahead  that  you  dare  attempt 
very  little ;  are  very  liable  to  become  despondent  and  melancholy. 
Cultivate.  [78.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL.— You  expect  little  or  nothing  that  is  desirable, 
and  undertake  nothing  for  fear  of  loss.  Cultivate.  [78.] 


MENTAL    FACULTIES. 

XXXI.— SPIRITUALITY. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  have  strong  intuitive  perceptions  of  what  is 
right  and  best ;  have  faith  in  spiritual  monitions  ;  and  are  most  likely, 
to  take  the  trr.e  course  when  you  allow  yourself  to  be  guided  by  wh 
you  internally  feel  to  be  the  right  way.  A  morbid  or  undue  action  c&f 
this  faculty  may  lead  you  to  become  superstitious ;  to  blindly  believe 
in  dreams,  omens,  fortune-telling,  and  false  prophecies,  or  to  incMuce 
religious  fanaticism.  It  must  be  properly  regulated,  and  made  iy  act 
in  harmony  with  reason,  though  it  may  transcend  it.  Restrain.  ,  [80.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  have  a  large  measure  of  faith ;  an  interne  con- 
sciousness of  right,  duty,  truth,  falsehood,  and  what  is  best;  Jiove  to 
meditate  on  spiritual  subjects — the  immortality  of  the  soul,  th^e  future 
life,  the  existence  and  perfections  of  God,  and  the  destiny '  of  man ; 
enjoy  spiritual  communion,  or  the  blending  of  soul  with  so/ul ;  and,  if 
Veneration  be  large,  find  ecstatic  happiness  in  fervent  adoration  of 
the  Deity.  In  certain  states  of  the  physical  system,  one  n/ay  be  natur- 
ally clairvoyant ;  be  forewarned  in  visions  or  in  dreams/  perceive  the 
highest  truths  by  intuition,  and  even  possess  prophetic  g.jtfls.  One  must 
carefully  guard  against  the  perversion  of  this  noble  and  exalted  faculty 
(see  7),  and  not  allow  our  living  faith  to  degenerate;  into  superstition, 
or  our  piety  to  become  mere  fanaticism.  Restrain.^  [80.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  not  lacking  in  the  ground-w  ork  of  faith  ;  have  a 
good  share  of  spiritual  feeling,  and  considerable/ intuitive  inspiration; 
but  do  not  always  allow  yourself  to  be  guide*!  by  the  premonitions 
which  would  lead  you  aright.  You  desire  to  believe  in  all  truth,  but 
are  sometimes  beset  by  doubts.  Cultivate.  [$0.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  not  destitute  of  the  light  within;  have 
some  spiritual  monitions,  and  are  not  inclined  to  disregard  the  guidance 
of  the  internal  sense ;  but  your  intuitions/are  not  always  sufficiently 
distinct  to  insure  their  full  influence,  or  your  belief  in  their  authority 
so  implicit  as  to  make  them  very  potential/  in  your  life.  Cultivate.  [80.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — The  spiritual  part  of  your  nature  is  not  so  influen- 
tial as  would  be  desirable ;  you  have  Father  indistinct  perceptions  of 
,  spiritual  things ;  lack  faith ;  believe/little  that  can  not  be  logically 
proved  ;  rely  on  evidence  rather  than  on  intuition;  and  would  "prove 
all  things  "  in  order  to  "  hold  fast  that  which  is  good."     Cultivate.     [80.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  very  weak  perceptions  of  spiritual  truths ; 
must  have  proof  before  believing ;  are  not  guided  by  faith — a  doubting 
Thomas ;  have  no  premonitions  or  warnings,  and  do  not  believe  in 
them.  Cultivate.  [80.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL.— You  are  nearly  destitute  of  the  spiritual  senti- 
ment— believe  little  or  nothing ;  are  skeptical  in  regard  to  a  future  life ; 
ridicule  the  idea  of  revelations  from  Heaven,  and  treat  premonition! 
and  warnings  with  contempt.  Cultivate.  [80.] 


DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

XXXII.— VENERATION. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  eminently  respectful,  deferential,  and 
k inclined  to  be  religious,  prayerful,  and  devoted  to  the  worship  of  God; 
(circumstances  favoring,  you  would  manifest  extreme  fervor  in  your 

petitions  before  the  throne  of  Grace ;  evince  great  reverence  for  time- 
hovnored  usages,  forms,  ceremonies,  and  institutions;  and  are  pro- 
fou\ndly  respectful  toward  the  aged,  the  good,  or  the  great.  Restrain. 
[83. 

(6.\  LARGE. — You  are,  by  organization,  strongly  inclined  to  worship ; 
take  Weat  delight  in  religious  exercises ;  are  fervent  in  prayer ;  feel 
awed  >dn  the  presence  of  the  great;  are  very  deferential  toward  the 
aged ;  naturally  conservative  in  your  views ;  reverence  ancient  forms 
and  ceretmonies ;  are  inclined  to  adhere  to  long-established  customs 
and  to  adWre  the  '*  good  old  ways."  You  have  need  to  beware  of  the 
perversion\of  this  faculty,  leading  to  religious  bigotry,  slavish  fear,  and 
the  domination  of  a  blind  impulse.  Carefully  direct,  if  not  Restrain- 
[83.] 

(5.)  FULL.— XYou  are  not  lacking  in  devotion,  respect  for  superiors, 
reverence  for  ag\?,  or  a  fair  degree  of  conservative  feeling  in  reference 
to  established  institutions ;  but  these  emotions  are  greatly  influenced 
by  circumstances,  «jad  are  strongly  or  weakly  manifested  accordingly 
as  they  are  incited  our  restrained  by  other  faculties.  There  may  often 
be  an  internal  conflict  in  you  between  the  worldly  and  the  spiritual. 
[81.]  \ 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You\are  inclined  to  worship  when  the  devotional 
feeling  is  specially  calledVmt,  but  are  apt  to  make  religion  subservient  to 
business  or  to  whatever  el$e  may  be  your  dominant  tendency.  Acting 
with  Conscientiousness  and  Benevolence,  your  Veneration  will  dispose 
you  to  make  justice,  mercy,  and  good  works  the  basis  of  your  religion, 
while  the  rites  of  worship  wm  be  esteemed  less  important.  Cultivate. 
[83.]  \ 

(3.)  MODERATE. — If  you  are  religious,  it  is  probably  because  your 
education  has  been  favorable  to  it,  and  were  fortunate  enough  to  have 
been  brought  up  under  religious  influences ;  but  your  religion  is  one 
of  works  rather  than  of  humility,  submission,  and  faith.  You  have 
little  respect  for  customs  or  institutions  merely  on  account  of  their 
antiquity,  and  no  reverence  for  creeds,  rites,  and  ceremonies.  Culti- 
vate. [83.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  experience  little  devotional  feeling,  and  are  de- 
ficient in  reverence  for  age  and  respect  for  superiors.  Cultivate.  [83.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  seem  to  be  nearly  destitute  of  reverence 
and  respect,  and  have  no  devotional  feeling.  Cultivate.  [83.] 

XXXIII.— BENEVOLENCE. 

Ql\  VERY  LARGE. — You  hnve  a  Jarge,  loving,  kindly  heart ;  are 
" 


MENTAL    FACULTIES  177 

remarkably  benevolent,  charitable,  and  forgiving ;  have  ready  sympa-  -J 
thies  and  an  open  purse ;  and  with  moderate  or  small  Acquisitiveness'! 
may  impoverish  yourself  to  assist  others,  or  with  small  Conscientioi 
ness  spend  in  charity  the  money  which  of  right  belongs  to  yoi 
creditors.    "Be  just  before  you  are  generous,"  and  do  not  alloj/ 
sympathy  to  overrule  judgment.    Restrain.     [83.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  very  tender,  generous,  and  kind-he* 
ready  to  sympathize  with  suffering  and  to  relieve  want,  to  the  ei/tent 
of  your  means ;  prefer  to  suffer  yourself  rather  than  to  see  fathers 
suffer ;  are  charitable,  forgiving,  and  merciful ;  a  "  good  Samaritan," 
and,  in  this  respect,  a  true  follower  of  Him  who  "  went  abouy  doing 
good."  [83.]  I 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  kind  and  obliging;  like  to  see  others  happy, 
and  desire  to  make  them  so ;  but  will  not  overtax  yourself/to  relieve 
your  neighbors  of  their  burdens,  and  may  allow  selfish  feeing  to  over- 
rule your  kindness.  With  Conscientiousness  full  or  lar//e,  will  "be 
just  before  you  are  generous."  Cultivate.  [83.]  if 

*  (4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  kind  to  those  you  lovey  especially  if 
Adhesiveness  be  large,  and  may  practice  general  benevolence  through 
the  influence  of  Approbativeness  or  for  selfish  ends,  L,at  are  not  inclined 
to  philanthropy.  Cultivate.  [83.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  not  inclined  to  be  obliging,  but  manifest 
a  feeling  of  indifference  in  regard  to  the  comfort  or  welfare  of  those 
around  you ;  are  rather  selfish  and  unsympathMng.  Cultivate.  [83.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  care  little  for  the  sufferij/gs  of  others,  so  long  as 
you  are  yourself  at  ease.  "  It  is  not  my  affair,"  you  say.  You  have 
no  "  sweet  sympathy  "  hi  your  soul.  Cultivate.  [83.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  are  almost  utterl^  selfish — have  no  generous 
or  sympathetic  feelings.  Cultivate.  [83.]  , 

XXXIV.-CONSTRUQfiTVENESS. 

(7.)  VERT  LARGE. — You  should  manifest  remarkable  mechanical 
ingenuity,  a  passion  for  making  things,  and  (with  Causality  large) 
great  inventive  talent.  You  take  to  tools  naturally,  and  almost  seem 
to  be  master  of  all  trades  without  haying  learned  them ;  you  can  make 
almost  anything;  and  are  constantly  contriving  "improvements;" 
you  might  devote  yourself  to  mechanical  invention  with  great  benefit 
to  the  world,  if  not  to  yourself;  but  must  beware  of  "perpetual 
motions,"  or  of  monomania  on  this  subject.  Restrain.  [88.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  have  great  taste  and  talent  for  mechanical  pur- 
suits ;  delight  in  building,  repairing,  and  employing  machinery ;  with 
large  Imitation,  can  make  anything  after  a  pattern — anything,  in  fact, 
that  you  have  seen  made;  and  with  large  Causality,  are  strongly 
inclined  to  invent  and  to  contrive  new  ways  of  doing  things.  As  a 
writer,  you  would  show  great  skill  in  the  construction  of  your 

8* 


178          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER 

sentences,  as  well  as  in  the  arrangement  of  the  subject-matter  of  you* 
t  essay  or  book.     [88.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  a  good  degree  of  mechanical  judgment  and  in- 

?nuity;  are  interested  in  machinery  and  mechanical  operations,  and 
practice  would  attain  skill  in  the  use  of  tools.     [88.] 
)  AVERAGE. — With  the  education  of  a  mechanic — a  thorough 
Ining  in  any  particular  trade — you  may  make  a  good  workman, 
butunanifest  no  special  liking  for  the  use  of  tools.     Cultivate.    [88.] 

(3\  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  awkward  in  the  use  of  tools,  and 
shourd  not  attempt  anything  requiring  much  mechanical  skill. 
Cultivate.  [88.] 

(2.)  &MALL. — You  are  deficient  in  constructive  talent,  and  should  not 
attemptVo  invent.  Cultivate.  [88.] 

(1.)  VE«Y  SMALL. — You  are  very  awkward  in  your  attempts  (if 
you  ever  make  any)  to  use  tools,  and  could  scarcely  build  a  rough  hen- 
coop. Cutttyate.  [88.] 

ff       XXXV.— IDEALITY. 

(7.)  VERY  L^RGE. — You  have  the  most  exquisite  taste,  the  highest 
degree  of  refinemV.M,  and  intense  love  of  the  beautiful ;  live  in  an  ideal 
world ;  set  up  a  hig.  standard  in  character  and  manners  ;  have  a  most 
Vivid  imagination,  ^nd  with  the  mental  temperament  and  a  good 
development  of  the  \reflective  faculties,  Constructiveness,  Imitation, 
etc.,  are  capable  of  achieving  success  in  the  highest  walks  of  poetry  or 
art.  [90.]  Your  danger  lies  in  the  direction  of  extra  fastidiousness 
and  the  tyrannical  dommation  of  the  ideal,  shutting  you  out  from  all 
participation  in  the  interests  and  enjoyments  of  the  real  world  around 
you.  Restrain.  [90.]  \ 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  imaginative,  refined,  and  tasteful ;  love  poetry, 
art,  and  the  beautiful  in  nature ;  have  high  ideas  of  propriety  in  expres- 
sion and  conduct ;  are  graceful  and  polished  in  manners ;  have  lofty 
aspirations  ;  incline  to  strive  after  perfection  in  character  and  perform- 
ance, and  if  otherwise  well-endowed  (see  7),  possess  a  talent  for  the 
creation  of  the  beautiful  in  poet?y  or  art.  [88.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  not  wanting  in  taste,  refinement,  or  love  of  the 
beautiful;  enjoy  poetry  and  art;  appreciate  elegance  and  polished 
manners ;  and  have  elevated  notions  of  the  proprieties  of  life,  but  are 
not  sentimental,  fanciful,  or  over-fastidious.  You  love  adornment  and 
display,  but  are  not  disposed  to  sacrifice  the  useful  to  the  ornamental. 
[88.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  show  more  liking  for  the  plain  and  substantial 
than  for  the  ornamental ;  are  a  utilitarian ;  live  in  a  real,  every-day, 
matter-of-fact  world ;  and  never  "  soar  into  the  blue,"  or  wander  en- 
chanted in  the  realms  of  the  ideal.  You  are  rather  plain  in  your 
manners,  and  in  talking  or  writing  make  uae  of  few  figures  of  speech, 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  179 

preferring  to  say  what  need  be  said  in  the  most  direct  and  literal  way. 
Cultivate.  [90.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  somewhat  deficient  in  taste ;  rathei 
"  homespun "  in  manners ;  very  plain  in  speech ;  and  have  little 
imagination.  You  are  no  lover  of  art,  poetry,  or  the  beautiful  in 
nature,  and  your  character  is  lacking  in  elevation  and  refinement 
Cultivate.  [90.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  show  a  marked  deficiency  in  taste,  polish,  and  re- 
finement, and  are  extremely  utilitarian.  Cultivate.  [90.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  evince  no  taste  and  no  appreciation  of 
beauty.  Cultivate.  [90.] 

XXXVI.— SUBLIMITY. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE.— You  appreciate  and  admire  in  the  highest  degree 
the  wild,  the  romantic,  the  grand,  the  sublime,  the  illimitable,  the 
eternal,  the  infinite;  have  a  real  passion  for  mountain  scenery,  vast 
prospects,  foaming  breakers,  and  roaring  waterfalls;  enjoy  with  the 
greatest  zest  "  the  war  of  elements — thunder,  lightning,  tempest,  the 
ocean  in  a  storm,  the  surging  rush  of  a  swollen  stream  in  a  freshet- 
whatever  is  magnificent  or  awful ;"  love  to  contemplate  the  seemingly 
boundless  expanse  of  ocean ;  the  glory  of  the  starry  heavens ;  and 
above  all  (with  Veneration  full  or  large),  the  omnipotence  of  the  Deity 
and  the  infinitude  of  His  works.  In  writing  or  speaking,  you  are 
inclined  to  use  high-sounding  words  and  metaphorical  expressions, 
and  must  guard  yourself  against  verbal  extravagance  and  bombast.  In 
other  respects  there  is  no  need  to  restrain.  [91.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — Your  manifestations  are  like  those  described  in  (7), 
except  in  a  somewhat  lower  degree.  With  a  good  development  of  the 
intellectual  organs,  you  will  take  comprehensive  views  of  subjects,  and 
give  a  wide  scope  to  your  thoughts  and  investigations.  [91.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  enjoy  the  grand,  the  sublime,  and  the  magnificent, 
and  appreciate  mountain  scenery,  the  vastness  of  the  ocean,  and  the 
awfulness  of  the  tempest,  but  in  a  lower  degree  than  (7)  and  (6),  which 
see.  [91.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  manifest  only  a  moderate  degree  of  this  element 
of  character,  under  ordinary  circumstances,  but  when  the  organ  ia 
powerfully  excited,  may  enjoy  sublimity  and  grandeur  very  highly. 
Cultivate.  [91.] 

'   (3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  deficient  in  the  manifestation  of 
this  faculty.     Cultivate.    [91.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  care  very  little  for  the  grand  and  sublime  in  anj 
fcrm.  Cultivate.  [91.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMAI*L. — You  are  nearly  destitute  of  this  faculty.  Culti- 
vate. [91.] 


180          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

XXXVII.— IMITATION. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  capable  of  becoming  a  consummate 
mimic ;  could  make  almost  anything  from  pattern ;  have  a  taste  and 
talent  for  acting  and  of  representing  life  to  the  letter.  It  would  be 
natural  for  you  to  make  use  of  many  gestures  when  speaking;  impart 
great  expression  to  your  countenance  when  animated ;  and  with  large 
Mirthfulness  can  relate  anecdotes  to  the  very  life,  and  keep  a  company 
in  a  roar  of  laughter  by  your  droll  personations.  Restrain.  [93.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  have  great  ability  to  copy,  make  things  after  a 
pattern,  mimic,  and  act  a  part  in  an  assumed  character ;  can  readily 
adapt  yourself  to  different  circumstances,  take  on  any  mood  you 
choose  and  act  out  its  proper  manifestations ;  can  be  anybody  else  just 
about  as  easily  as  your  own  proper  self;  are  able  to  imitate  the  voice, 
gestures,  mode  of  walking,  expression,  etc.,  of  your  friends  and 
acquaintances  to  the  life.  [93.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  good  imitative  powers,  and  can  copy,  mimic, 
or  personate  others  very  well  when  you  try,  but  are  not  particularly 
inclined  to  assume  a  character  or  to  follow  an  example  unless  stimula- 
ted thereto  by  more  influential  faculties.  [92.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  can  copy  tolerably  well,  when  this  faculty  is 
excited  and  backed  up  by  other  organs,  but  have  no  strong  inclination 
to  mimic  or  imitate  others.  You  prefer  to  be  yourself  rather  than 
anybody  else.  [92.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — Your  imitative  capacities  are  rather  limited,  and 
you  manifest  little  inclination  to  take  pattern  from  others,  or  to  be  a 
mere  copyist ;  are  disposed  to  strike  out  new  paths ;  work  on  a  plan 
of  your  own  ;  and  seek  originality.  [93.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  your  own  way  of  doing  things,  and  seldom 
Willingly  copy  anything  or  take  pattern  from  anybody.  Cultivate.  [93.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL.— You  have  little  ability  to  copy  anything,  and 
manifest  no  disposition  to  do  so.  Cultivate.  [93.] 

XXXVIIL— MIRTHFULNESS. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  should  be  remarkably  witty,  jovial,  comical: 
and  have  a  great  love  for  jokes  and  the  ludicrous.  With  Ideality 
only  average,  you  are  in  clangor  of  becoming  too  comical,  if  not  clown- 
ish, descending  to  low,  coarse  jests,  and  of  making  fun  on  solemn  or 
unsuitable  occasions.  Restrain.  [95.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  can  fully  appreciate  a  joke,  and  know  how  to  make 
one;  enjoy  fun,  and  do  your  share  in  creating  it ;  laugh  heartily,  and 
Keep  a  company  in  good-humor  by  your  mirthful  sallies.  With  large 
Comparison  and  Combativeness,  you  would  be  capable  of  severe 
sarcasm.  You  should  cultivate  Ideality,  to  give  your  wit  delicacy  and 
refinement,  otherwise  your  jokes  may  not  always  be  in  go&u  tasta, 
Restrain.  [95.] 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  181 

(5)  FULL.— Your  capacity  for  appreciating  wit  and  humor  is  good, 
and  you  hare  considerable  ability  for  making  fun ;  are  witty,  playful, 
and  humorous,  especially  under  the  stimulus  of  jovial  company,  but 
are  not  remarkable  for  the  manifestation  of  this  faculty.  [98.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  may  enjoy  wit  and  humor  and  appreciate  a 
joke  under  a  powerful  excitement  of  this  faculty ;  but  in  general  you 
are  sober,  serious,  and  sedate,  and  not  inclined  to  encourage  laughter 
or  fun-making.  Cultivate.  [95.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  too  seriously  inclined,  as  a  general 
rule,  but  may  occasionally  manifest  considerable  playfulness  and  humor. 
If  Combativeness  and  Approbativeness  be  full  or  large,  you  may  not 
always  take  a  joke  so  good-humoredly  as  you  ought.  It  will  do  you 
good  to  cultivate  good-humor  and  to  laugh  more.  Cultivate.  [95.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  rather  slow  to  perceive  the  point  of  a  joke, 
and  are  seldom  able  to  turn  back  a  witticism  aimed  at  yourself;  are 
not  inclined  to  laugh,  and  perhaps  think  it  foolish  or  wrong  to  be 
jovial  or  merry.  Cultivate.  [95.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  are  quite  too  sober,  and  have  few  if  any 
humorous  conceptions — can  not  take  a  joke.  Cultivate.  [95.] 

XXXIX.— INDIVIDUALITY. 

(7.)  VERT  LARGE. — You  have  extraordinary  powers  of  observation, 
and  an  insatiable  desire  to  see  everything  and  to  know  all  about  what 
ever  comes  under  your  observation.  You  are  irresistibly  impelled  to 
individualize  things,  and  are  very  minute  and  particular  in  your  obser- 
vation, taking  account  of  particulars  which  would  escape  most  persona 
altogether.  You  should  carefully  guard  yourself  against  obtrusiveness 
in  exercising  your  curiosity  or  passion  for  observation.  Do  not  so  far 
forget  good  manners  as  to  "stare"  impudently  at  any  one.  Try  to 
think  as  well  as  to  look.  In  other  respects,  there  is  no  need  to  restrain. 
[95.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  a  great  practical  observer  of  men  and  things ; 
see  everything ;  and  take  account  of  all  the  particulars.  You  are  char 
acterized  as  (7),  only  in  a  lower  degree.  [95.] 

(5.)  FULL.— You  are  a  good  observer ;  keep  your  eyes  open  to  some 
purpose ;  see  clearly  whatever  is  readily  observable,  but  are  not  in- 
clined to  a 'very  close  scrutiny  or  to  the  scanning  of  minute  details. 
You  have  a  desire  to  see  and  examine  things  generally,  but  do  not 
allow  tins  faculty  to  assume  a  controlling  influence  in  your  character. 
[95.J 

(4  )  AVERAGE. — Your  observation  is  confined  mainly  to  the  more 
conspicuous  objects  around  you,  or  to  such  as  interest  other  and  larger 
faculties,  and  is  rather  general  than  particular.  Cultivate.  [97.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  have  only  ordinary  observing  powers,  and, 
the  faculty  be  specially  stimulated,  take  but  little  notice  Of 


1S2          DELINEATION    OP    CHARACTER. 

things,  and  are  consequently  vague  in  your  descriptions  of  what  you 
have  seen.  Cultivate.  [97.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — Your  observing  powers  are  feeble.  You  use  your  eyes 
to  so  little  purpose  that  they  might  almost  as  well  be  closed.  Your 
notions  of  what  you  have  seen  are  very  vague.  Cultivate.  [9>.^ 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  seem  to  be  literally  one  of  those  WD*»,  nav- 
mg  eyes,  see  not"  Cultivate.  [97.] 

XL.— FORM. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  remarkable  for  ability  to  oV^erve  and 
remember  shapes  and  forms,  and  an  excellent  judge  of  tf.atiguration. 
You  hardly  ever  forget  a  face  or  a  picture  that  has  &,tracted  your 
attention.  [97.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — Your  memory  of  faces,  forms,  features,  •  mtlines,  etc.,  is 
excellent,  and  you  are  a  good  judge  of  symmetry,  proportion,  and 
beauty  of  form.  Can  remember  names  by  seeing  then  m  writing.  [97.] 

(5.)  FULL. — Your  memory  of  faces  and  forms  is  goon,  but  not  remark- 
ably tenacious.  Your  judgment  of  configuration  and  symmetry  is 
fair.  Cultivate.  [99.] 

(4)  AVERAGE. — You  have  a  tolerable  development  of  this  faculty, 
and  with  practice  may  recollect  countenances,  shapes,  and  so  forth, 
with  considerable  distinctness.  Cultivate.  [99.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — Your  memory  of  faces,  forms,  and  shapes  is  neither 
very  distinct  nor  very  retentive,  and  your  ability  to  recognize  persons 
is  poor.  Cultivate.  [99.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  a  very  feeble  recollection  of  faces,  and  soon 
forget  the  appearance  of  things  you  have  seen.  Cultivate.  [99.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL.— You  manifest  little  or  none  of  this  faculty.  Cul- 
tivate. [99.] 

XLL— SIZE. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  have  great  ability  to  judge  of  magnitude ; 
can  determine  very  closely  by  the  eye  alone  the  length,  breadth,  or 
height  of  an  object ;  have  an  accurate  e}re  for  proportion,  and  detect  at 
a  glance  any  departure  from  perfect  correctness  in  this  respect  [99.J 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  have  an  excellent  eye  for  measuring  angles,  pro- 
portions, and  dimensions ;  are  a  good  judge  of  harmony  between  the 
different  parts  of  a  thing,  and  are  annoyed  by  a  want  of  proportion  or  a 
departure  from  accuracy  in  the  linos  of  direction.  [99.] 

(5.)  FULL. —  You  possess  a  good  share  of  the  ability  to  measure  by 
the  eye,  but  require  practice  to  give  you  entire  correctness  in  this  par- 
ticular. Cultivate.  [100.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  have  only  a  fair  share  of  this  eye-measuring 
power,  but  with  considerable  practice  may  do  tolerably  welL 
[100.] 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  183 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  not  a  good  judge  of  size  or  proportion, 
and  should  not  trust  to  the  eye  where  correct  measurements  are 
required.  Cultivate.  [100.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  very  vague  ideas  of  length,  breadth,  height, 
etc.,  and  a  poor  judgment  of  proportion.  Cultivate.  [100.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  manifest  little  or  none  of  this  faculty.  Cul- 
tiwte  [100.] 

XLIL— WEIGHT. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  have  remarkable  skill  in  balancing;  are 
sure-footed ;  seldom  stumble  or  fall ;  possess  wonderful  skill  in  skating, 
swimming,  sleight-of-hand,  hurling,  shooting,  horseback-riding,  etc. ; 
and  naturally  assume  easy  and  natural  attitudes  in  standing,  and  a 
graceful  gait  in  walking.  Your  perception  of  the  laws  of  gravity  and 
ability  to  maintain  the  equipoise  of  any  body  you  can  control  are  very 
great.  With  a  little  practice,  you  could  perform  wonderful  feats  in 
walking  a  tight-rope,  balancing  poles  and  other  objects ;  or  in  riding, 
Vaulting,  etc.  [100.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  have  nice  intuitive  perceptions  of  the  laws  of 
gravity,  and  great  ability  to  apply  them ;  are  fond  of  exercises  involv- 
ing skill  in  balancing,  such  as  riding,  skating,  shooting ;  have  a  steady 
hand  and  a  sure  foot ;  love  to  walk  on  narrow  and  dangerous  places  ; 
assume  natural  attitudes;  are  annoyed  by  seeing  anything  out  of 
plumb  or  unevenly  balanced ;  and,  with  Constructiveness  large,  possess 
great  natural  ability  to  operate  machinery.  [100  * 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  good  command  over  your  muscles,  and  with 
practice  can  balance  well,  but  have  no  extraordinary  perception  of  the 
laws  of  gravity.  Cultivate.  [101.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  described  in  (5),  but  in  a  somewhat  lower 
degree;  would  require  much  practice  to  balance  well.  Cultivate.  [101.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  have  but  little  skill  in  balancing,  and  lack 
the  nice  appreciation  of  the  laws  of  gravity  which  give  ability  to  ride, 
skate,  shoot,  or  hurl  well;  you  should  not  attempt  to  walk  on  high  and 
narrow  places.  Cultivate.  [101.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  can  hardly  walk  a  broad  plank  over  a  ditch ;  get 
dizzy  on  high  places;  are  easily  made  sea-sick,  and  are  not  a  good 
rider,  skater,  or  marksman.  Cultivate.  [101.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  have  barely  sufficient  appreciation  of  the 
laws  of  gravity  and  command  over  the  muscles  to  stand  erect  Cul- 
tivate, [101.] 

XLIII.-COLOR 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  have  a  passion  for  colors,  and  an  instinctive 
j^rception  of  their  harmonies ;  can  arrange  and  blend  all  the  shades, 
}  \es,  and  tints  in  painting  or  otherwise,  with  the  greatest  skill;  on  $ 


184          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

painter,  would  excel  in  coloring.  Inappropriate  or  inharmonious 
arrangements  of  colors  give  you  pain.  [102.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  as  described  in  (7),  only  in  a  lower  degree. 
[102.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  a  fair  judge  of  colors  and  of  fitness  in  their 
combination;  but  require  practice  to  enable  you  to  determine  their 
finer  shades  and  blendings.  Cultivate.  [103.] 

(4)  AVERAGE. — You  are  as  described  in  (5),  but  in  a  lower  degree, 
Cultivate.  [103.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  naturally  deficient  in  the  discrimination 
of  colors,  and  only  glaring  ones  or  strong  contrasts  attract  your  atten- 
tion ;  with  a  good  deal  of  practice,  however,  you  might  acquire  a  fair 
degree  of  skill  in  judging  of  the  primitive  colors  and  their  more  com- 
mon combinations.  Cultivate.  [103.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  very  deficient  in  perception  of  colors,  and  care 
little  for  them.  Cultivate.  [103.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  have  no  love  for  colors,  and  but  a  very 
weak  perception  of  the  distinction  implied  by  the  word.  One  who 
can  not  distinguish  different  colors  may  be  pronounced  idiotic  in  this 
particular,  i.  e.,  he  lacks  the  faculty.  Cultivate.  [103.] 

XLIV.— ORDER. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  exceedingly  systematic ;  very  particular 
about  having  everything  in  its  proper  place;  are  tidy,  precise,  and 
formal  to  a  fault,  and  unless  this  faculty  be  restrained,  you  will  spend 
too  much  time  in  trying  (in  vain)  to  keep  everything  "  just  so,"  or  to 
restore  order  where  others  are  continually  creating  what  to  you  seems 
confusion.  You  are  liable  to  be  "more  nice  than  wise."  Restrain. 
[104.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  inclined  to  be  very  regular,  orderly,  and  sys- 
tematic in  all  your  arrangements ;  are  sometimes  too  precise  and  formal ; 
have  a  place  for  everything,  and  are  annoyed  by  seeing  anything  out 
of  place,  or  by  any  failure  on  the  part  of  those  around  you  to  appreciate 
your  methodical  habits  or  to  adhere  to  your  strict  rules  of  order. 
Restrain.  [104.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  are  'systematic  and  orderly ;  like  to  see  things  in 
their  places ;  are  disposed  to  be  tidy  and  careful  in  dress ;  but  are  not 
a  slave  to  method,  and  when  disorder  can  not  be  avoided,  submit  to  it 
with  a  good  grace.  You  are  more  orderly  in  theory  than  in  practice, 
unless  trained  in  some  business  in  which  method  is  particularly 
requisite.  Cultivate.  [104.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  like  order,  and  will  make  some  effort  to  secure 
it ;  but  often  permit  disorder  to  usurp  its  place.  You  are  not  disposed 
to  be  precise,  formal,  or  "  old-maidish."  Cultivate.  [104.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  untidy  and  careless  in  dress  anc] 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  18b 

habits;  seldom  have  a  place  for  anything  or  anything  in  its  place; 
leave  your  business  at  loose  ends ;  and  have  a  slip-shod,  disjointed 
way  of  doing  everything.  Cultivate.  [104] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  a  very  careless,  unmethodical,  and  inaccurate 
way  of  doing  things,  and  are  inclined  to  be  shiftless  and  slovenly  in 
your  habits.  Cultivate.  [104.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  have  little  appreciation  of  order,  neatness, 
«r  system,  and  manifest  no  arranging  power.  Cultivate.  [104] 

XL  V.— CALCULATION. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  have  remarkable  natural  talent  for  com- 
putation ;  multiply  and  divide  intuitively ;  seem  to  solve  difficult 
problems  in  mathematics  by  instinct ;  and  take  intense  delight  in 
figures  and  statistics,  and  in  the  various  applications  and  relations  of 
numbers.  [104.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  excel  in  mental  arithmetic,  add,  subtract,  multiply, 
and  divide  with  great  facility;  perceive  very  readily  the  value  and 
relations  of  numbers;  are  fond  of  statistical  information;  and  with 
full  or  large  Locality  and  Causality  may  excel  in  the  higher  branches 
of  mathematics.  [104.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  succeed  very  well  in  the  use  of  numbers,  but 
are  not  remarkable  for  ability  to  calculate  "  in  the  head."  Cul- 
tivate. [106.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  require  considerable  study  and  practice  to  give 
you  facility  in  arithmetical  calculations,  but  with  it  can  succeed  very 
fairly.  Cultivate.  [106.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  remember  numbers  with  difficulty,  and  are 
neither  quick  nor  accurate  in  adding,  subtracting,  multiplying,  or 
dividing.  You  think  arithmetic  a  bore,  and  should  not  attempt  to 
become  a  book-keeper  or  an  accountant.  Cultivate.  [106.] 

(2.)  SMALL.  —  You  are  dull  and  slow  in  learning  arithmetic,  and, 
perhaps,  like  Mr.  George  Combe,  have  never  been  able  to  master  the 
multiplication  table.  You  have  no  taste  for  numbers,  and  a  very  poor 
memory  of  them.  Cultivate.  [106.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  have  hardly  the  ability  to  count,  much  less 
to  calculate,  and  are  unfortunate  in  respect  to  this  faculty.  If  you 
take  a  realizing  sense  of  your  deficiency,  you  will  not  venture  on 
mathematical  calculations.  Cultivate.  [106.] 

XLVI.-LOCAL1TY. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  have  an  insatiable  love  of  traveling,  and 
desire  to  see  the  world,  and  a  remarkably  retentive  memory  of  the 
localities  you  visit;  have  an  intuitive  idea  of  both  the  relative  and 
absolute  position  of  places,  and  never  lose  your  way  either  in  the 
ftrests  or  in  the  streets  of  a  strange  city.  You  are  inclined  to  be  too 


186  DELINEATION    OF    CHAKACTEK. 

roving  and  unsettled  in  your  habits,  and  to  spend  all  your  time  and 
money  in  traveling.  Restrain.  [107.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  have  a  strong  desire  to  travel  and  to  see  places; 
delight  in  books  of  travel ;  are  deeply  interested  in  the  study  of  geog- 
raphy and  astronomy ;  seldom  forget  any  place  you  have  once  seen, 
and  can  find  your  way  anywhere,  as  if  by  instinct.  Would  make  a 
good  explorer.  [106.] 

(5.)  FULL. — Your  memory  of  places  is  good,  and  you  enjoy  traveling 
and  reading  of  travels ;  find  your  way  quite  well  ordinarily,  but  are 
not  remarkably  endowed  in  this  particular.  Cultivate.  [107.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  recollection  of  places  is  fair,  but  you  have  no 
great  desire  to  travel  or  to  see  strange  countries,  and  may  sometimes 
lose  your  way.  Cultivate.  [107.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — Your  local  memory  is  rather  poor,  and  you  prefer 
staying  at  home  to  traveling,  and  often  become  confused,  "  turned 
about,"  or  lost  in  strange  places.  Cultivate.  [107.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  a  very  poor  memory  of  places,  and  find  even 
familiar  ones  with  difficulty.  Cultivate.  [107.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — Your  local  instinct  is  so  weak  that  you  can 
hardly  find  your  way  home  from  any  neighboring  place.  Cultivate. 
[107.] 

XLVIL— EVENTUALITY. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  should  possess  a  wonderfully  retentive 
memory  of  facts,  incidents,  and  general  knowledge ;  and  have  strong 
craving  for  information.  You  would  be  a  great  devourer  of  books, 
newspapers,  and  periodicals ;  and  with  large  Language  and  Imitation, 
would  excel  in  story-telling.  [108.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  ought  to  have  a  retentive  memory  of  historical 
facts,  incidents,  stories,  and  general  information;  love  to  acquire 
knowledge ;  are  fond  of  books,  learn  readily  anything  relating  to 
history  or  biography.  You  are  likely  to  be  well  informed  on  common 
subjects  and,  with  fair  opportunities,  to  be  a  good  scholar.  [108.] 

(5.)  FULL. — Your  memory  of  facts  and  circumstances  should  be 
good,  if  properly  cultivated,  but  may  have  become  indifferent  through 
neglect.  You  may,  if  the  reflective  faculties  be  large,  remember  prin- 
ciples better  than  facts.  Cultivate.  [109.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  may  recollect  leading  events,  and  facts  in 
which  you  are  particularly  interested,  but  are  rather  deficient  in 
memory  of  indifferent  matters  and  the  details  of  occurrences.  Cul- 
tivate. [109.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  have  a  rather  poor  memory  of  events,  and  are 
particularly  forgetful  of  details.  Y~ou  are  a  poor  story-teller.  Cul- 
tivate. [109.] 

(2.)  SMAL^, — Your  meniory  is  treacherous  and  confused,  anc|  ca,n 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  187 

not  safely  be  relied  upon  for  anything  relating  to  facts,  occurrences,  or 
the  circumstances  of  active  life.     Cultivate.     [109.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — Your  memory  is  utterly  untrustworthy.  You 
forget  almost  everything  relating  to  what  has  happened,  no  matter 
how  recently.  Cultivate.  [109.] 

XL  VIII.— TIME. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  seem  to  have  an  intuitive  knowledge  of 
the  lapse  of  time  ;  can  keep  time  in  music,  tell  the  time  of  day  almost 
as  correctly  without  a  time-piece  as  with  one ;  and  can  wake  at  any 
pre-appointed  hour  of  the  night.  [109.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  an  excellent  judge  of  time ;  can  tell  when  any 
event  of  which  you  have  a  knowledge  occurred ;  keep  time  in  music 
very  correctly ;  rarely  forget  appointments ;  and  should  be  an  accurate 
chronologist.  [109.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  can  keep  time  in  music  and,  with  practice,  can 
carry  in  your  head  the  time  of  day,  but  are  not  remarkably  endowed 
in  this  particular.  Cultivate.  [110.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  memory  of  dates  is  fair,  but  you  require  prac- 
tice to  give  you  accuracy  in  keeping  time  in  music.  Cultivate.  [110.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  have  a  rather  defective  notion  of  time,  and 
not  a  good  memory  of  dates.  Cultivate.  [110.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  a  confused  and  indistinct  idea  of  time,  and 
are  apt  to  forget  appointments.  Cultivate.  [110.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  are  nearly  destitute  of  this  faculty.  Cul- 
tivate. [110.] 

XLIX.— TUNE. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  passionately  fond  of  music ;  have  extra' 
ordinary  musical  taste  and  talent ;  and  with  a  good  development  of 
Imitation,  Constructiveness,  Ideality,  and  Time,  and  a  fine  organiza- 
tion, may  become  an  expert  performer,  or,  with  large  Ideality,  Caus- 
ality,  and  Comparison,  a  composer.  [110.] 

[6.]  LARGE. — You  are  constituted  as  described  in  (7),  except  in  a 
somewhat  lower  degree ;  have  a  fine  ear  for  music,  and  enjoy  if  you 
do  not  readily  learn  anything  you  hear.  [110.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  good  musical  taste  ;  are  very  fond  of  music  ; 
and  with  practice  can  become  a  performer.  Cultivate.  [112.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  have  fair  musical  ability,  but  considerable 
practice  would  be  required  to  give  you  proficiency  in  music.  You 
have  more  love  for  the  "concord  of  sweet  sounds"  than  power  to 
produce  it.  Cultivate.  [112.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  not  particularly  fond  of  music,  but  are 
capable  of  acquiring  some  taste  for  the  simpler  kinds,  and  with  practice 
may  learn  to  sing.  Cultivate,  [112.] 


188         DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  have  very  little  taste  or  love  for  music,  and  less 
ability  to  produce  it.  Cultivate.  [112.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  manifest  little  or  none  of  this  faculty. 
Cultivate.  [112.]* 

L.— LANGUAGE. 

(7.)  VERT  LARGE. — You  have  great  copiousness  of  expression,  a 
passion  for  talking  or  writing;  are  capable  of  becoming  very  fluent 
and  correct  in  the  use  of  language ;  generally  put  the  right  word  in 
the  right  place;  have  a  remarkable  verbal  memory;  readily  make 
quotations ;  learn  languages  with  facility  by  hearing  them  spoken ;  are 
very  liable,  unless  this  faculty  be  restrained,  or  balanced  by  reason,  to 
be  tediously  verbose.  Restrain.  [114] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  are  fluent  and  copious  in  the  use  of  words,  both 
in  writing  and  speaking ;  can  learn  to  talk  well,  and  would  love  to 
talk ;  can  learn  foreign  languages  easily ;  and  have  an  excellent  mem- 
ory of  words.  You  can  tell  all  you  know,  and  generally  make  use  of 
correct  if  not  elegant  language ;  are  rather  inclined  to  verbosity  than 
to  barrenness  of  expression,  and  to  talk  too  much  rather  than  too  little. 
Restrain.  [114.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  have  a  good  command  of  language ;  express  your- 
self with  considerable  ease  and  fluency,  but  are  not  remarkable  for 
copiousness,  and  are  seldom  verbose  or  redundant.  With  practice  you 
might  make  a  good  speaker,  but  can  do  better  with  the  pen  than  with 
the  tongue.  Cultivate.  [114.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — You  are  not  very  fluent  in  the  use  of  language ;  say 
what  you  desire  to  say  in  few  words ;  are  not  very  fond  of  talking ; 
with  practice  may  write  well,  but  not  rapidly.  Cultivate.  [114.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  find  some  difficulty  in  expressing  your  ideas, 
your  vocabulary  being  small  and  your  memory  and  command  of  words 
poor.  With  constant  practice,  you  may  write  effectively,  but  your 
style  will  be  rather  dry  and  barren.  As  a  speaker,  you  would  not  be 
likely  to  succeed.  You  may  learn  foreign  languages,  but  will  speak 
them  with  difficulty,  if  at  all.  Cultivate.  [114.] 

(2.)  SMALL.— You  speak  with  difficulty;  often  hesitate  for  words; 
and  are  apt  to  blunder  in  the  construction  of  your  sentences.  Cultivate. 
[114.] 

(1.)  VERT  SMALL. — Your  memory  of  words  is  exceedingly  poor,  and 
your  power  of  expression  almost  entirely  lacking.  Cultivate.  [114.] 

*  The  Friends,  or  Quakers— many  of  them— are  opposed  to  music,  on  the 
ground  that  it  is  used  as  a  sensuous  gratification ;  a  disturbing  element ;  opposed  to 
simple,  silent  devotion.  We  regard  Tune  as  a  faculty  of  the  human  mind,  created  for 
a  ueeful  purpose,  and  not  to  be  ignored  or  suppressed  because  of  its  abuse,  any  more 
than  that  of  the  appetite,  or  of  Veneration  itself,  which  is  sometimes  exercised  on 
idols,  images,  and  gods  of  wood  and  stone.  The  right  use  of  all  the  faculties  will  to 
acceptable  to  Him  who  create^  them. 


MENTAL    FACULTIES.  18& 

LI.— CAUSALITY. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  should  be  noted  for  originality,  planning 
capacity,  intuitive  perception  of  the  relations  of  cause  and  effect,  and 
great  reasoning  power  and  comprehension.  You  are  naturally  a 
thinker  and  a  philosopher,  and  are  in  danger  of  becoming  an  impracti- 
cable theorist.  Restrain.  [115.] 

(6.)  LARGE.  —  You  have  excellent  reasoning  power;  uncommon 
capacity  for  contriving  ways  and  means ;  can  generally  trace  effects 
back  to  their  causes,  or  predicate  results ;  are  good  at  making  plans ; 
have  a  strong  desire  to  know  the  "why"  and  "wherefore"  of  every- 
thing ;  are  not  satisfied  with  a  superficial  knowledge,  but  desire  to  go 
to  the  bottom  of  every  subject;  are  liable  to  be  abstruse  and  more 
theoretical  than  practical.  Restrain.  [115.] 

(5.)  FULL. — Your  capacity  to  plan,  invent,  originate,  and  adapt 
means  to  ends  is  good,  and  with  activity  well  developed  and  Com- 
parison and  the  perceptives  large,  may  manifest  a  good  degree  of 
reasoning  power;  but  with  these  conditions  reversed,  you  will  plan 
"  better  than  you  will  execute.  You  like  to  know  why  things  are  as 
they  are,  but  are  not  disposed  to  push  your  investigations  too  closely, 
[114.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  planning  and  reasoning  ability  depends  greatly 
upon  the  influence  of  other  and  larger  organs,  but  in  general  it  is  only 
fair.  Cultivate.  [115.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  rather  deficient  in  the  ability  to  discern 
and  apply  principles,  and  possess  no  great  originality  or  planning 
capacity.  Cultivate.  [115.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  are  decidedly  deficient  in  reasoning  power  and 
ability  to  contrive,  plan,  and  adapt  means  to  ends.  Cultivate.  [115.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  are  almost  utterly  destitute  of  originality. 
Cultivate.  [115.] 

LIL— COMPARISON. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  possess  remarkable  powers  of  analysis; 
*  ability  to  reason  from  analogy  and  to  discover  new  truths  by  induction; 
can  clearly  trace  out  relations  between  the  known  and  the  unknown 
which  escape  common  investigators,  and  with  Individuality,  Eventu- 
ality, and  Causality  well  developed,  will  manifest  great  capacity  for 
making  discoveries  and  a  passion  for  analytical  investigations  most 
useful  to  the  phrenologist.  [115.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — Your  capacity  for  inductive  reasoning  is  excellent; 
you  manifest  great  ability  in  tracing  the  connection  between  known 
facts  and  phenomena  and  the  laws  or  principles  which  govern  them, 
a  disposition  to  analyze,  resolve  combinations  into  elements,  dissect^ 
criticise,  compare,  and  classify ;  to  observe  similarities  and  dissimilar- 
ities ;  to  trace  analogies ;  to  explain  by  illustration ;  and  in  speaking,  10 


190          DELINEATION    OF    CHARACTER. 

use  many  comparisons,  metaphors,  and  similes.  With  large  Language, 
Continuity,  Constructiveness,  and  Ideality,  should  write  and  speak 
with  great  fluency,  correctness,  and  elegance,  and  in  a  style  dis- 
tinguished for  clearness  as  well  as  for  beauty ;  but  with  these  organs 
moderate  or  small,  there  will  be  a  liability  to  broken  metaphors  and 
imperfect  and  confusing  comparisons.  You  would  make  a  good 
chemist.  [115.] 

(5.)  FULL. — You  appreciate  fine  comparisons  and  sound  inductive 
reasoning,  and  are  inclined  to  make  use  of  the  analogical  and  analytical 
methods  of  arriving  at  the  truth,  but  are  not  remarkably  developed  in 
this  faculty.  Cultivate.  [117.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  analogical  ability  is  fair,  when  called  into 
activity  by  the  larger  organs,  but  otherwise  is  rather  weak  in  its  mani- 
festations. Cultivate.  [117.] 

(3.)  MODERATE. — You  are  not  much  inclined  to  institute  comparisons 
or  to  observe  resemblances  or  differences,  and  neither  make  use  of  nor 
appreciate  metaphors  and  similes,  but  may  enjoy  a  simple  and  direct 
comparison.  Your  ability  to  illustrate  one  case  or  point  by  another 
involving  similar  principle  is  poor.  Cultivate.  [117.] 

(2.)  SMALL. — You  seldom  observe  likenesses  or  dissimilarities,  have 
no  skill  in  tracing  analogies,  and  are  content  to  take  things  as  you  find 
them  in  their  combinations,  instead  of  pulling  them  in  pieces  or  resolv- 
ing them  into  elements  to  find  out  how  they  are  made  or  the  propor- 
tions of  their  parts.  Cultivate.  [117.] 

(1.)  VERY  SMALL. — You  manifest  little  or  none  of  this  element  of 
character.  Cultivate.  [117.] 

LIIL— HUMAN  NATURE. 

(7.)  VERY  LARGE. — You  are  a  natural  physiognomist,  or,  rather,  an 
intuitive  discerner  of  character,  forming  correct  estimates  of  the  dis- 
position and  moral  status  of  those  you  meet  at  a  single  glance,  especial- 
ly if  they  be  of  the  opposite  sex.  You  can  trust  your  first  impressions 
of  character.  With  large  Comparison,  would  make  an  excellent  practical 
phrenologist  and  physiognomist.  It  is  usually  large  in  our  North  Ameri- 
can Indians,  and  should  be  so  in  our  police  and  in  all  detectives.  [117.] 

(6.)  LARGE. — You  have  an  excellent  judgment  in  matters  of  charac- 
ter ;  read  men  and  women  intuitively ;  love  to  study  the  "  Signs  of 
Character"  in  the  features,  voice,  walk,  manners,  etc.,  and  could 
become  a  good  practical  delineator  of  character.  [117.] 

(5.)  FULL. — Your  first  impressions  of  character  are  generally  correct ; 
but  you  are  liable  to  make  occasional  mistakes.  You  love  to  study 
character,  and  with  practice  may  become  a  good  practical  phrenologist 
or  physiognomist.  Cultivate.  [118.] 

(4.)  AVERAGE. — Your  talents  for  reading  character  are  fair,  but  your 
first  impressions  are  not  to  be  fully  trusted.  Cultivate. 


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